新托福TPO真题阅读难句汇总

1、新托福TPO真题阅读第一周难句汇总帖TPO1-11. Ordinarymeteoricwateriswaterthathassoakedintothegroundfromthesurface,fromprecipitation（rainandsnow）andfromlakesandstreams.短语：soakinto：渗入主干：Ordinarymeteoricwateriswaterthathassoakedintotheground释义：普通气象水是那些通过地表，从降水和河流渗入到地下的水分。2. Thereitremains,sometimesforlongperiods,beforee

2、mergingatthesurfaceagain.Atfirstthoughtitseemsincrediblethattherecanbeenoughspaceinthe“solid"groundunderfoottoholdallthiswater.短语：atfirstthought:起初看来分句：thereitremainsbeforeemergingatthesurfaceagain:指在重新涌出地表之前，气象水会存留（remains）在地下Itseemsincrediblethat:看上去是不可思议的释义：在重新涌出地表之前，有时候有相当长一段时间，地下水都会存于地下。然而

3、起初看来，坚硬的地面下居然能有足够空间容纳这么多水是不可思议的。3. Thecommonestspacesarethoseamongtheparticlessandgrainsandtinypebblesofloose,unconsolidatedsandandgravel.分句：particlesofloose,unconsolidatedsandandgravel：疏松沙石的颗粒（如沙粒和鹅卵石：sandgrainsandtinypebbles）释义：最普通的一种空隙存在于疏松而不坚实的沙石中的颗粒-沙粒和小鹅卵石-之间。4. Theyarefoundwhereverfastriversc

4、arryingloadsofcoarsesedimentonceflowed.短语：coarsesedimentonceflowed：曾经漂流的粗糙沉淀物loadsof：一载载的，一堆堆的释义：只要哪里有湍急的河流载着粗糙的曾经漂流的沉淀物，哪里就能发现这种物质层。5. thewaterwasalwaysladenwithpebbles,gravel,andsand,knownasglacialoutwash,thatwasdepositedastheflowsloweddown.短语：beladenwith：负载着pebbles,gravel,andsand,knownasglacialou

5、twash:指冰水沉积物包括鹅卵石、碎石和沙子分句：thatwasdepositedastheflowsloweddown:随着水流渐缓而沉积下来释义：融化的水总是载着被称为冰水沉积物的鹅卵石、碎石和沙子，它们随着水流渐缓而沉积下来。6. Thesamethinghappenstothisday,thoughonasmallerscale,whereverasediment-ladenriverorstreamemergesfromamountainvalleyontorelativelyflatland,droppingitsloadasthecurrentslows:thewaterusu

6、allyspreadsoutfanwise,depositingthesedimentintheformofasmooth,fan-shapedslope.短语：asediment-ladenriverorstream：载满沉积物的河流或小溪emergefromonto从发源，流至spreadsout：向四周展开intheformof：以的形式asmooth,fan-shapedslope：光滑的扇形斜面释义：如今也发生着同样的事情，虽然规模较小。有满载沉淀物的河流或小溪从山谷出发向下蔓延到相对平坦的地面，当水流渐缓时便将沉淀物留下：河水通常呈扇形展开，将沉淀物以光滑的扇形斜面形式沉积下来。7

7、. Sedimentsarealsodroppedwhereariverslowsonenteringalakeorthesea,thedepositedsedimentsareonalakefloorortheseaflooratfirst,butwillbelocatedinlandatsomefuturedate,whenthesealevelfallsorthelandrises;suchbedsaresometimesthousandsofmetersthick.分句：whereariverslowsonenteringalakeorthesea：指河流在入湖或海(onenterin

8、galakeorseai)时流速减缓主干：Sedimentsarealsodroppedwhere,-thedepositedsedimentsareon,butwillbelocated,；when-;suchbedsarethousandsofmetersthick释义：当河流接近湖泊或海洋时沉淀物也会被沉积下，沉积物起初会存在于湖床或海床，但随着未来当海平面下降或陆地上升时，沉积物便会移动到内陆去；这些沉积物层(suchbeds)有时有数千米厚。8. Inlowlandcountryalmostanyspotonthegroundmayoverliewhatwasoncethebedof

9、ariverthathassincebecomeburiedbysoil;分句：anyspotontheground：地面上任何一点whatwasoncethebedofariver：河流曾经的河床地带，作mayoverlie的宾语ariverthathassincebecomeburiedbysoil：已经被土壤所掩埋的河流释义：在低地国家，几乎地面上任何一点都有可能叠加在被土壤掩埋的河流的河床上。9. Thisisbecausethegapsamongtheoriginalgrainsareoftennottotallypluggedwithcementingchemicals;also,

10、partsoftheoriginalgrainsmaybecomedissolvedbypercolatinggroundwater,eitherwhileconsolidationistakingplaceoratanytimeafterwards.短语：bepluggedwith：被塞住cementingchemicals：胶黏性化学物质becomedissolvedby：被一所溶解释义：这是因为原始沙石间的缝隙通常并未被胶黏的化学物质完全填塞；同时，部分原始沙石有可能被渗透下来的地下水溶解，溶解过程无论是在沙石坚化发生之时还是以后的某一时期都会进行。10. Mostcrystalline

11、rocksaremuchmoresolid;acommonexceptionisbasalt,aformofsolidifiedvolcaniclava,whichissometimesfulloftinybubblesthatmakeitveryporous.短语：solidifiedvolcaniclava：硬化后的火山岩浆释义：大多数结晶岩石更加坚硬；一个典型例外是玄武岩，一种硬化了的火山岩浆形式，它有时充满了小气泡，这使它非常多孔。11. Butnotethatporosityisnotthesameaspermeability,whichmeasurestheeasewithwhic

12、hwatercanflowthroughamaterial;thisdependsonthesizesoftheindividualcavitiesandthecreviceslinkingthem.分句：“theeasewithwhichwatercanflowthroughamaterial”：指水通过某一物质的容易程度cavitiesandthecreviceslinkingthem：连接沙石的空隙和裂缝释义：但需注意多孔性不同于可渗透性。可渗透性丈量的是水流通过某一物质的容易程度，它取决于连接沙石的单个空隙和裂缝的大小。12. Thetotalvolumeofwaterinthesat

13、uratedsamplemustthereforebethoughtofasconsistingofwaterthatcan,andwaterthatcannot,drainaway.短语：bethoughtofas：被认为是释义：因此，浸水样本所含的所有水份必须被分为两部分：可排除的与不可排除的。13. Iftheporesarelarge,thewaterinthemwillexistasdropstooheavyforsurfacetensiontohold,anditwilldrainaway;butiftheporesaresmallenough,thewaterinthemwill

14、existasthinfilms,toolighttoovercometheforceofsurfacetensionholdingtheminplace;thenthewaterwillbefirmlyheld.分句：drops(thatare)tooheavyforsurfacetensiontohold：由于过重而导致岩石表面张力无法收控住的水滴surfacetensionholdingtheminplace：将(水滴)收控住的表面张力thinfilms,toolighttoovercometheforceofsurfacetension:薄膜过轻,无法挣脱张力的控制主干：Ifthepo

15、resarelarge,thewaterwillexistasandwilldrainaway;butiftheporesaresmallenough,thewaterwillexistas，andthenwillbeheld释义：如果孔大，其中的水会变为水滴，水滴太沉，表面张力握不住，水便会排出；但如果孔足够小，其中的水会变成薄膜，薄膜很轻，无法挣脱表面张力的控制，这样水便会被紧紧收住。TPO1-21. Inmanysemiaridareasthereisalsoalowertimberlinewheretheforestpassesintosteppeordesertatitslowere

16、dge,usuallybecauseofalackofmoisture.短语：semiaridareas：半干旱地区passinto：传递到，延伸到分句：atitsloweredge：its指代“alowertimberline，lo”weredge即指该树带界线的下限释义：在许多半干旱地区有一种较低的树带界线1，该线以内由于缺乏水分森林变为荒原或沙漠。2. ItrangesfromsealevelinthePolarRegionsto4,500metersinthedrysubtropicsand3,500-4,500metersinthemoisttropics.短语：PolarRegio

17、ns：极地地区释义：它的高度范围处于极地地区的海平面高度至干燥亚热带地区的4500米以及湿润热带地区的3500-4500米之间。3. Timberlinetreesarenormallyevergreens,suggestingthatthesehavesomeadvantageoverdeciduoustrees(thosethatlosetheirleaves)intheextremeenvironmentsoftheuppertimberline.短语：haveadvantageover：与一相比更具优势释义：树带界线1的树木通常是常青的，这表明在上树带界线1处极其恶劣的环境下，常青树比

18、落叶树更有优势。4. Thisisparticularlytruefortreesinthemiddleandupperlatitudes,whichtendtoattaingreaterheightsonridges,whereasinthetropicsthetreesreachtheirgreaterheightsinthevalleys.短语：middleandupperlatitudes：中高纬度地区reachgreaterheights：长得更高释义：这用来形容中高纬度地区的树木最贴切，那里的树木在山脊上长得更高；而在热带地区树木在山谷中长得更高。5. Asthesnowisdee

19、perandlastslongerinthevalleys,treestendtoattaingreaterheightsontheridges,eventhoughtheyaremoreexposedtohigh-velocitywindsandpoor,thinsoilsthere.短语：beexposedto：暴露在之中释义：(在中高纬地区)由于雪在山谷中更深并且持续时间更长，树木倾向于在山脊处长得更高，即便在那里它们要承受高风速和更加贫瘠的土壤。6. Inthetropics,thevalleysappeartobemorefavorablebecausetheyarelesspron

20、etodryout,theyhavelessfrost,andtheyhavedeepersoils.短语：beproneto：倾向于释义：在热带地区，山谷则更适合树木生长，因为它们不容易干燥，并且有较少冰霜和较丰厚的土壤。7. Late-lyingsnowreducestheeffectivegrowingseasontothepointwhereseedlingscannotestablishthemselves.短语：Late-lyingsnow：久积不化的雪分句：whereseedlingscannotestablishthemselves修饰point,establish意为“幼苗扎

21、根生长”释义：持续不化的雪会减少树木有效生长的时间以至于幼苗无法扎根。8. Windvelocityalsoincreaseswithaltitudeandmaycauseseriousstressfortrees,asismadeevidentbythedeformedshapesathighaltitudes.短语：ismadeevident：被证明主干：Windvelocityalsoincreasesandmaycausestress,asismadeevidentby释义：风速随着海拔升高而提升，并可能给树造成严重的压力，高海拔地区树木的变形已经证明了这一点。9. Somescien

22、tistshaveproposedthatthepresenceofincreasinglevelsofultravioletlightwithelevationmayplayarole,whilebrowsingandgrazinganimalsliketheibexmaybeanothercontributingfactor.短语：increasinglevelsofultravioletlightwithelevation：指随海拔升高而加强的紫外线强度释义：一些科学家提出，随海拔升高而加强的紫外线强度可能是原因之一，而放养动物如野山羊等也可能是一个原因。10. Probablythem

23、ostimportantenvironmentalfactoristemperature,forifthegrowingseasonistooshortandtemperaturesaretoolow,treeshootsandbudscannotmaturesufficientlytosurvivethewintermonths.分句：for引导原因从句释义：也许最为重要的环境因素是气温，因为如果生长季节过短且气温过低，树苗和花蕾便不能足够成熟，也就不能抵过冬天。11. Immediatelyadjacenttothetimberline,thetundraconsistsofafairly

24、completecoveroflow-lyingshrubs,herbs,andgrasses,whilehigherupthenumberanddiversityofspeciesdecreaseuntilthereismuchbaregroundwithoccasionalmossesandlichensandsomeprostratecushionplants.短语：adjacentto：临近afairlycompletecoverof:完全由组成的覆盖物prostratecushionplants：伏地状垫状植物主干：thetundraconsistsof,whilethenumber

25、anddiversityofspeciesdecreaseuntil释义：苔原紧靠着树带界线1，它完全由低矮灌木，草本植物和草覆盖，而再往上则生物的数量和多样性都会下降，直到只剩下偶尔会有苔藓、地衣和伏地状垫状植物的大量秃地。12. Thisenablesthemtoavoidtheworstrigorsofhighwindsandpermitsthemtomakeuseofthehighertemperaturesimmediatelyadjacenttothegroundsurface.短语：theworstrigorsofhighwinds：高处风的严酷打击分句：immediatelya

26、djacenttothegroundsurface修饰highertemperatures，指地表附近的相对较高的温度主干：Thisenablesthemtoavoidandpermitsthemtomakeuseof释义：这使得它们能够避免经受高处风的酷烈打击并利用地表附近的较高温度。13. Inanareawherelowtemperaturesarelimitingtolife,theimportanceoftheadditionalheatnearthesurfaceiscrucial.短语：wherelowtemperaturesarelimitingtolife：在那些迫近生命极线

27、1的低温环境中，limiting此处可理解为“接近生命极线1的”释义：在那些迫近生命极限的低温环境中，贴近地表的额外热量是至关重要的。TPO1-31. Inseekingtodescribetheoriginsoftheater,onemustrelyprimarilyonspeculation,sincethereislittleconcreteevidenceonwhichtodraw.短语：inseekingto：在寻求的过程中drawon：引用，凭借分句：“littleconcreteevidenceonwhichtodraw即“little”concreteevidencetodra

28、won”释义：即试图描述戏剧的起源，人们必须主要依靠猜测，因为并没有多少确切证据可以引用。2. Themostwidelyacceptedtheory,championedbyanthropologistsinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies,envisionstheaterasemergingoutofmythandritual.短语：envisionas:把视为释义：最为广泛接受的理论得到了19世纪末20世纪初的人类学家们的拥护，该理论认为戏剧来源于神话和宗教仪式。3. Havinglittleunderstandingofnatura

29、lcauses,itattributesbothdesirableandundesirableoccurrencestosupernaturalormagicalforces,anditsearchesformeanstowinthefavoroftheseforces.短语：attributeto把归因于分句：“Havinglittleunderstandingofnaturalcauses作原因状语从句”释义：由于缺少对自然原因的了解，社会将好的与不好的现象都归因于超自然的或者魔法力量，并且它寻求得到这股力量好感的方式。4. Perceivinganapparentconnectionbe

30、tweencertainactionsperformedbythegroupandtheresultitdesires,thegrouprepeats,refinesandformalizesthoseactionsintofixedceremonies,orrituals.主干：Perceivinganconnectionbetweenactionsandtheresult,thegrouprepeats,refinesandformalizesactionsintoceremoniesorrituals释义：由于认为群体所表现的特定行为与其所期待的结果有明显联系，该群体重复、修正并将这些行

31、为正式化，使其成为固定的典礼或宗教仪式。5. Frequentlythemythsincluderepresentativesofthosesupernaturalforcesthattheritescelebrateorhopetoinfluence.分句：thattheritescelebrateorhopetoinfluence修饰supernaturalforces，指仪式所试图庆祝或去影响的超自然力量主干：themythsincluderepresentativesofsupernaturalforces释义：神话中频繁出现超自然力量的代表，这些力量正是仪式所试图庆祝或去影响的。6.

32、 Butthemythsthathavegrownuparoundtheritesmaycontinueaspartofthegroupsoraltraditionandmayevencometobeactedoutunderconditionsdivorcedfromtheserites.短语：bedivorcedfrom：与远离，与相脱节分句：thathavegrownuparoundtherites修饰myths，指围绕着仪式所产生的神话故事主干：themythsmaycontinueasandmayevencometobeactedout释义：但围绕着仪式所产生的神话很可能继续作为该群

33、体口头讲述传统的一部分，并甚至可能在与原有仪式相脱节的情况下依然被表现出来。7. Whenthisoccurs,thefirststephasbeentakentowardtheaterasanautonomousactivity,andthereafterentertainmentandaestheticvaluesmaygraduallyreplacetheformermysticalandsociallyefficaciousconcerns.短语：betakentoward:向一迈进autonomousactivity：自主活动，autonomous原意为“自治的”，此处引申为“自主的

34、”entertainmentandaestheticvalues：（戏剧的）娱乐和审美价值mysticalandsociallyefficaciousconcerns：神话和迷信的观点释义：当这一情况发生时，戏剧作为自主活动便迈出了第一步，接着其娱乐和审美价值会渐渐取代人们先前对其神话和迷信作用的关注。8. Thus,therecallingofanevent（ahunt,battle,orotherfeat）iselaboratedthroughthenarratorspantomimeandimpersonationandeventuallythrougheachrolebeingassu

35、medbyadifferentperson.短语：beassumedby：由来担任（角色）主干：therecallingofaneventiselaboratedandbeingassumedbyperson释义：这样，对某一事件（如打猎，战争等）的回忆被讲述者通过哑剧或模仿详细化，最终故事的每一角色都被不同的人来担任。9. Acloselyrelatedtheoryseestheaterasevolvingoutofdancesthatareprimarilypantomimic,rhythmicalorgymnastic,orfromimitationsofanimalnoisesands

36、ounds.短语：seeas：把视为evolveoutof：从进化而来主干：atheoryseestheaterasevolvingoutofdancesorfromimitations释义：一个与之紧密相关的理论认为戏剧来源于舞蹈，这些舞蹈最初是哑剧的，有节奏的或者体操性质的，亦或者来源于对动物发出声音的模仿。10. Admirationfortheperformersskill,virtuosity,andgraceareassemenotivationforelaboratingtheactivitiesintofullyrealizedtheatricalperformances.主干

37、：admirationareseenasmotivationforelaboratingtheactivitiesintoperformances它促使将这些活动精致释义：对于表演者技巧，精湛技术和优雅的崇拜被认为是一种激励，化并使其最终成为夸张的表演。11. One,setforthbyAristotleinthefourthcenturyB.C.,seeshumansasnaturallyimitativeastakingpleasureinimitatingpersons,things,andactionsandinseeingsuchimitations.短语：besetforthby

38、:由提出takepleasureindoing:从中获得乐趣主干：Oneseeshumanasimitativeastakingpleasureinimitatingandinseeing释义：一种理论在公元前4世纪由亚里士多德提出，它认为人类天生具有模仿性通过模仿他人、他物和动作以及观看这种模仿来获得欢愉。12. Another,advancedinthetwentiethcentury,suggeststhathumanshaveagiftforfantasy,throughwhichtheyseektoreshaperealityintomoresatisfyingformsthanth

39、oseencounteredindailylife.分句：“throughwhichtheyseektoreshape作定语从句修饰fantasy主干：Anothersuggeststhathumanhaveagiftforfantansy释义：另一在12世纪得到发展的理论认为人类具有幻想的天赋，通过幻想人类试图重塑现实，使其变得比现实生活中所遇到的更加令人满意。13. Thus,fantasyorfiction(ofwhichdramaisoneform)permitspeopletoobjectifytheiranxietiesandfears,confrontthem,andfulfil

40、ltheirhopesinfictionifnotfact.主干：fantasyorfictionpermitspeopletoobjectify,confrontandfulfill释义：这样，幻想和虚拟作品允许人们将他们的焦虑、恐惧具现化，并面对它们，同时满足在现实中不能满足的愿望。14. Thetheater,then,isonetoolwherebypeopledefineandunderstandtheirworldorescapefromunpleasantrealities.分句：whereby意为据止匕"，"wherebypeopledefineandund

41、erstand彳乍定语彳饰tool主干：theaterisonetool释义：这样，戏剧便成为人类定义生活，理解生活或者逃避痛苦现实的工具。15. Forexample,onesignofthisconditionistheappearanceofthecomicvision,sincecomedyrequiressufficientdetachmenttoviewsomedeviationsfromsocialnormsasridiculousratherthanasseriousthreatstothewelfareoftheentiregroup.词汇：detachment原指偏离”，此

42、处指一种超脱的观点短语：deviationsfromsocialnorms：指与社会准则相偏离的表现主干：onesignistheappearanceofthecomicvision,sincecomedyrequiresdetachmenttoviewdeviationasridiculousratherthanasthreats释义：例如，这种情况的一个标志是喜剧观点的出现，因为喜剧要求人们充分地从痛苦中脱离，并将一些与社会准则相偏离的表现看做滑稽可笑的而不是视其为对群体利益的巨大威胁。16. Forexample,someearlysocietiesceasedtoconsidercer

43、tainritesessentialtotheirwell-beingandabandonedthem,nevertheless,theyretainedaspartsoftheiroraltraditionthemythsthathadgrownuparoundtheritesandadmiredthemfortheirartisticqualitiesratherthanfortheirreligioususefulness.短语：ceaseto：停止(做某事)retainas：将作为保留下来分句：“theyretainedaspartsoftheiroraltraditionthemyt

44、hsthathadgrownuparoundtherites为倒装，实际上即“theyretainedthemyths(thathadgrownuparoundtherites)aspartsoftheiroraltradition”；主干：somesocietiesceasedtoconsiderritesessentialandabandonedthem,nevertheless,theyretainedmythsasoraltraditionandadmiredthem释义：例如，一些早期社会不再认为特定仪式与他们的安康息息相关从而抛弃了这些仪式，然而，他们将围绕仪式产生的神话变为口头传

45、授传统的一部分，并且对其所具有的艺术价值而不是宗教价值进行赞美。新托福TPO真题阅读第二周难句汇总TPO2-11. Theirstreamlinedbodies,theabsenceofhindlegs,andthepresenceofaflukeandblowholecannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithlanddwellingmammals.短语：cannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswith:不能掩盖它们与的姻亲关系landdwellingmammals:陆栖哺乳动物释义：鲸类动物的流线型身体，后肢的缺少，三角状尾鳍的存在以及头顶的出气孔(

46、以上都是典型的海洋动物特点)并不能掩盖它们与陆栖哺乳动物的姻亲关系。2. However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.短语：unlikethecaseof:与的情况不同itisnoteasytoenvision:彳艮难想象的样子释义：与海獭和其他鳍足动物不同，人们很难想象最初鲸类的模样。逻辑转换：人们很难想象最

47、初鲸类动物的模样，但与之相反，设想海獭等动物的原始样貌应较为容易。3. Howwasthegapbetweenawalkingmammalandaswimmingwhalebridged?释义：本段主旨句，提出文章所讨论的中心问题：从陆栖哺乳动物到水生鲸类之间到底是如何进化的？4. Pakicetuswasfoundembeddedinrocksformedfromriverdepositsthatwere52millionyearsold.分句：“formedfromriverdepositsthatwere52millionyearsold:形成于品巨今52million年前的河流沉积物中

48、，修饰rocks释义：化石P被发现镶嵌在岩石中，该岩石从距今52million年前的河流沉积物中演化而来。5. Thefossilconsistsofacompleteskullofanarchaeocyte,anextinctgroupofancestorsofmoderncetaceans.短语：acompleteskull：完整的头骨分句：“anextinctgroupofancestorsofmoderncetaceans修饰archaeocyte,即archaeocyte是鲸类动物的一种已灭绝的祖先释义：此句为事实1,化石P具有一个完整的鲸类始祖archaeocyte的头骨。6. T

49、heskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.分句：“thatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales部分修饰enlargedspace释义：化石P的颗骨（jawbones）缺少现代鲸类具有的扩大性空间，这部分空间通常由脂肪和油脂填充并用来收听水下声音。此句为事实2。7. Pakicetus

50、probablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.释义：注意probably,此句为猜测1，化石P可能和陆栖动物一样通过耳孔来接受声音。8. Theskullalsolacksablowhole,anothercetaceanadaptationfordiving.释义：此句为事实3，P头骨缺少气孔，该气孔是鲸类适应潜水活动的结构9. Otherfeatures,however,showexpertsthatPakicetusisatransitionalformbetweenagroupofextinctflesh-eating

51、mammals,themesonychids,andcetaceans.分句：“agroupofextinctflesh-eatingmammals”修饰“themesonychid，即”M动物是一类已灭绝的食肉哺乳动物主干：Pakicetusisatransitionalformbetweenthemesonychidsandcetaceans释义：此句指明化石P正是食肉哺乳动物M与鲸类的过渡阶段形态，为本段结论。1.1 IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheo

52、penocean.短语：fedonfish：以鱼为食shallowwater：浅水区释义：注意suggested此句为猜测2,即化石P可能生前靠浅水区鱼类为食并尚未适应海洋生活。11. Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.释义：“it指代化石P,此句为猜测3,指出Pakicetus可能在陆地繁殖。12. Severalskeletonsofanotherearlywhale,Basilosaurus,werefoundinsedimentsleftbytheTethysSeaandnowexposedintheSaharadesert.词汇：exposed意为暴露

53、在“，此处指处于，位于"。分句："leftbytheTethysSea修饰"sediments,即B骨架发现于T海遗留的沉积物中释义：人们在Tethys海遗留的沉积物中发现了若干Basilosaurus的骨架，这些骨架现在位于撒哈拉沙漠中。Pakicefus.13. Thiswhalelivedaround40millionyearsago,12millionyearsafter释义：此句为事实1,即Basilosaurus生活于40million年前，比化石P晚12million年。14. Manyincompleteskeletonswerefoundbutt

54、heyincluded,forthefirsttimeinanarchaeocyte,acompletehindlegthatfeaturesafootwiththreetinytoes.分句：“acompletehindlegthatfeaturesafootwiththreetinytoes即B具有完全的后肢，包括包括一只脚和三个脚趾释义：此句为事实2。注意archaeocyte是鲸类动物的一种已灭绝的祖先（已在上段中指出），由此可知原始鲸类Basilosaurus也是archaeocyte进化过程中的阶段性形态。15. Suchlegswouldhavebeenfartoosmallto

55、havesupportedthe50-foot-longBasilosaurusonland.Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.短语："nonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs:无实用作用的，退化了的后肢。分句：“wouldhavebeentoosmallohavesupportedthe50-foot-longBasilosaurusonland"（:这后肢）太小以至于不可能支撑50英尺长的Basil

56、osaurus在陆地活动释义：此句为本段结论，即Basilosaurus绝对已是（undoubtedly）完全的海洋鲸类。16. ThenowextinctwhaleAmbulocetusnatanslivedintheTethysSea49millionyearsago.Itlivedaround3millionyearsafterPakicetusbut9millionbeforeBasilosaurus.主干：AmbulocetusnatanslivedafterPakicetusbutbeforeBasilosaurus释义：此句为事实1。指出Ambulocetusnatans生活于4

57、9million年前的Tethys海中，它晚于Pakicetus3million年，但早于Basilosaurus9million年。17. Thefossilluckilyincludesagoodportionofthehindlegs.Thelegswerestrongandendedinlongfeetverymuchlikethoseofamodernpinniped.Thelegswerecertainlyfunctionalbothonlandandatsea.短语：agoodportionof:很完好的部分beendedin：末端是分句：“endedinlongfeetvery

58、muchlikethoseofamodernpinniped:实际为""endedinlongfeet（whichis）verymuchlikethoseofamodernpinniped修饰longfeet释义：此处为事实2。A化石具有完好的后肢，后肢很强壮且足部很长，如同现代鳍足动物（如海狮）一样，能够同时在陆地和海洋活动。18. Thestructureofthebackboneshows,however,thatAmbulocetusswamlikemodernwhalesbymovingtherearportionofitsbodyupanddown,eventhoughafluke