ISO7547-1985(E)标准-船用空调及通风-设计条件

1、International Standard ISO 7547-Air-conditioning and ventilation of accommodation spaces on board ships - Design conditions and basis of calculationsFirst edition 1985-11-01-Ref. No. ISO 7547-1985Foreword序言Shipbuilding- Air-conditioning and ventilation of accommodation spaces on board ships. Design

2、conditions and basis of calculationsAir-conditioning and ventilation of accommodation spaces on board ships Design conditions and basis of calculationsInternational Standard ISO 7547This international standard has been completely accepted as a Netherlands standard.Air conditioning and ventilation of

3、 accommodation spaces on board ships Design conditions and basis of calculationsScope and field of applicationThis International Standard specifies design conditions and suitable methods of calculation for air-conditioning and ventilation of accommodation spaces and the radio cabin on board seagoing

4、 merchant ships for all conditions except those encountered in extremely cold or hot climates ( i.e. with a lower of higher enthalpy than that stated in 4.2 and 4.3 ).Annex A provides guidance and details of good practice in the design of ventilation and air-conditioning systems in ships.Annex B giv

5、es the thermal conductivities of commonly used. Construction materials.NOTE-Users of this International Standard should note that, while observing the requirements of the Standard, they should at the same time ensure compliance with such statutory requirements, rules and regulations as may be applic

6、able to the individual ship concerned.ReferencesISO 31/4, Ouantities and units of teat.ISO 3258, Air distribution and air diffusion Vocabulary.3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this International Standard, the definitions given below, together with those in ISO 31/4 and ISO 3258, apply:3.1 accommodat

7、ion spaces: Spaces used as public rooms, cabins, offices, hospitals, cinemas, cinemas, games and hobby rooms, hair-dressing saloons and pantries containing no cooking appliances.3.2 air- conditioning : Form of air treatment whereby mperature, humidity, ventilation and air cleanliness are all control

8、led within limits prescribed for the enclosure to be air-ditioned. 3.3 ventilation: Provision of air to an enclosed space, sufficient for the needs of the occupants or the process.3.4 relative humidity: In humid air, the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the water vapour actual pressure to the sa

9、turated vapour pressure at the same dry bulb temperature.3.5 dry bulb temperature: The temperature indicated by a dry temperature-sensing element ( such as the bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer ) shielded from the effects of radiation.4 Design conditions4.1 GeneralThe system shall be designed f

10、or the indoor air conditions specified in 4.2 and 4.3 in all accommodation spaces defined in 3.1 as the stated outdoor air conditions and the outdoor supply airflow , ventilation, and air balance given in 6.2.1, 6.2.2 and 6.5 respectively.NOTE-All temperatures stated are dry bulb temperatures.4.2 Su

11、mmer temperatures and humidities Outdoor air : 35 and 70% relative humidityIndoor air : 27 and 50% relative humidityNote In practice, the indoor air conditions obtained, especially humidity, can be different from those stated.4.3 Winter temperaturesOutdoor air : -20 Indoor air : +22 NOTE This intern

12、ational Standard does not specify requiremcnis for humidification in winter.Outdoor airThe minimum quantity of outdoor air shall be not less than 50% of the total air supplied to the spaces concerned. 4.5 OccupancyThe number of persons to be allowed for in the various accommodation spaces shall be a

13、s follows, unless otherwise stated by the purchaser:Cabins: the maximum number of persons for which the cabin was designed.Saloons, mess- or dining- rooms and recration rooms:The number of pcisons who can be seated or, when this is not specified by the purchaser:1 person/2 m2 floor area for saloons:

14、2 floor area for mess- or dining- rooms:1 person/52 floor area for recreation rooms.Captain s and chief engineer day room: 4 persons.Chief officers, first engineers, first engineers, chief stewards and other private day rooms: 3 persons.Hospital: the number of beds plus 2.Gymnasium, games room: 4 pe

15、rsons.First aid room: 2 persons.Offices: 2 persons.5 Calculation of heat gains and losses5.1 ApplicabilityFor the calculation of summer conditions, 5.2 to 5.5 inclusive shall apply. For the calculation of winter conditions, 5.2 only shall apply.5.2 Heat transmission5.2.1 Method of calculationThe fol

16、lowing formula shall be used for calculation the transmission losses or gains , in watts, for each separate surface.where T is the difference in air temperature, in Kelvin ( for the difference of air temperature between air conditioned and non-air-conditioned internal spaces, see 5.2.2 );kv is the t

17、otal heat transfer coefficient in watts per square metre Kelvin, for the surface v ( see 5.2.3);Av is the surface , in square inetres, excluding side scuttles and rectangular windows ( glazing + 200 mm )( see figures 1 and 2 );Kg is the total heat transfer coefficient in watts per square metre Kelvi

18、n, for the surface Ag( see 5.2.3 );Ag is the area, in square metres, of side scuttles and rec-tangular windows ( glazing + 200 mm) ( see figures 1 and 2 ).5.2.2 Temperature differences between adjoining internal spacesFor differences of air temperature, T in kelvins, between air-conditioned and non-

19、air-conditioned internal spaces, see table 1.Table 1- Temperature differences between adjoining internal spacesDeck or bulkheadT，KSummer winterDeck against tank provided with heating4317Deck and bulkhead against boiler room28Deck and bulkhead against boiler roomAnd against non-air-conditioned galley

20、18Deck and bulkhead against non-heated tanks, cargo spaces and equivalent1342Deck and bulkhead against laundry1117Deck and bulkhead against public sanitary space60Deck and bulkhead against private sanitary spacea) with any part against exposed external surtaceb) not exposedc) with any part against e

21、ngine/boiler room216000Bulkhead against alleyway25NOTE it is understood that means of heating are provided in exposed sanitary spaces.5.2.3 Total heat transfer coefficientsThe values for the total heat transfer coefficients, k, in watts pre square metre kelvin given in table 2 assume that adequate t

22、hermal insulation is provided on all surfaces exposed to outdoor conditions or adjoining hot or cold spaces, or hot equipment or pipework.The values given in table 2 shall be used where appropriate, unless otherwise advised by the purchaser. For other cases a method of calculation of coefficient is

23、given in 5.2.4.5.2.4 Calculation of heat transfer coefficientThe heat transfer coefficient shall be calculated as follows:wherek is the total heat transfer coefficient in watts per square metre Kelvin; is the cocfficient of heat transfer for surface air, is watts per square metrc Kelvin:d is the thi

24、ckness of material, in metres; is the thermal conductivity, in watts per metre KelvinML is the trermal insulance for an air gap, in square metres Kelvin per watt;Mb is the thermal insulance between different layers o material, in square metres kelvin per watt; is a correction factor for steel struct

25、ure: = 1.2 for insulation in accordance with figure 3; 1.45 for insulation in accordance with figure 4. Figure 3- Plane insulation of uniform thickness Figure 4- Corrugated insulation of uniform thickness Fable 2Total heat transfer coefficientsSurfacesTotal heat transfer coefficient, k w/(m2 . k )We

26、ather deck not exposed to suns radiation and ship side and external bulkheadsDeck and bulkhead against enginc room, cargo space or other non-air-conditioned spacesDeck and bulkhead against boiler room or boiler in engine roomDeck against open air or weather deck exposed to suns radiation and deck ag

27、ainst hot tanksSide scuttles and rectangular windows, single glazingSide scuttles and rectangular windows, double glazingBulkhead against alleyway, non-sound reducingBulkhead against alleyway, sound reducingGuidance on values of thermal conductivities of commonly used materials given in annex B.For

28、thermal insulance, ML, of non-ventilated air gaps, sec table3.Tabic3- Thermal insulance of non-ventilated air gapBoundary surfaces of air gapAir gap thickness,a mmThermal insulancem2.k/wBoth surfaces having high cmissivity520200Both surfaces lraving lowemissivity520200Both surfaces lraving lowEmissi

29、vity520200Ligh emissivity surfaces in 01) See figures 3 and 4.2) The term “ thermal insulance” is used according to the ISO 31/4， In many countries this term is known as “ thermal resistancc” with a syinbol R.3) Aluminium foil and other polished surfaces are assumcd to have low cmissivity (0,2), All

30、 other suifaces are assuned to have high cmissivity (0,9).5.2.5 Measurcment of transmission areasThe transmission area for bulkheads, deck and ship side shall be measured from steel to steel.5.3 Solar heat gainSolar heat gain, y is calculated, in watts, as follows:s=（AvkTr）+（AgCs）Av is the surface e

31、xposed to solar radiation in square metres ( side scuttles and rectangular windows are not included);k is the total heat transfer coefficient in accordance with 5.2.3 or 5.2.4 for a ship structure ( deck, outer bulkhead, etc. ) within the surface Av. Tr is the excess temperature (above the outside t

32、emperature of + 35 ) caused by solar radiation on surfaces as below: Tr = 16k for vertical light surfaces; 29k for vertical dark surfaces;12k for horizontal light surfaces;32k for horizontal dark surfaces;Av is the glass surface ( clear opening ) exposed to solar radiation in square metres;Cs is the

33、 heat gain per square metre from glass surfaces: Cs = 350W/m2 for clear glass surfaces; 240W/m2 for clear glass surfaces with interion shading. For comer cabins the surface which gives the highest s shall be chosen for calculation of the heat gain. Surfaces not includedin Av because of shadow from o

34、verhanging deck or other means of sun protection shall be calculated at a sun angle of 45. NOTES 1 lf solar radiation reflccting glass is used , Cs may be reduced. 2 The excess temperatures for vertical and horizontal surfaces and the additional heat gain from glass surfaces caused by solar radialio

35、n are based on the most extreme average tempcratures in subtropical climate and give the “ worst-condition ” occurring during a day.5.4 Heat gain from persons Values of sensible and latent heat emitted by a person at an indoor temperature of 27 are given in table 4.Table 4- Body activity and teat em

36、issionActivityType of heatEmissionWSeated at restSensible heatLatent heat55 13580Medium/heavy work140 3902505.5 Heat gain from lighting and other sourcesIn spaces with daylight, additional heat gain from lighting shall be ignored.In spaces without daylight, the heat gain from lighting shall be calcu

37、lated from the rated wattage of the lighting, as advised by the purchaser or as specified by the appropriate authority. Where the rated output is not specified by the purchaser or the appropriate authority, the heat gain from general lighting shall be taken as stated in table t, with consideration g

38、iven to special lighting requirements. Table 5- Heat gain from general lightingSpaceHeat gain from general lightingW/m2lncandescent FluorescentCabins, etc.Mess or dining-roomsGymniasiums, etefrigerator output shall be taken as 0.3W/1 storage capacity, unfess otherwise specified by the p

39、urchaser.Other sources of heat gain, such as from appliances that are in operation for considerable periods during the day , shall only be taken into consideration if specified by the purchaser.Temporary electrical appliances such as radio and television sets, hot water urns, etc shall be ignored.Th

40、e heat gain from equipment, etc. in the radio cabin shall be taken as 2.5kW, unless otherwise specified by the purchaser.Heat gain from fans shall be taken to give a rise in the temperature of the air of 1/kpa pressure rise.The rise in the temperature of the air in ducts shall be limited to +2.Irflo

41、w calculationVolume of spaceVolume of furniture, wardrobes, stationary equipment, etc. shall not be deducted in calculating the gross volume of cabins and other spaces.6.2 Supply airflow6.2.1 Air supply for air-conditioningThe air supply to each air-conditioned space shall be calculated sing whichev

42、er of the following criteria gives the highest alue:a) airflow to maintain the conditions of 4.2;b) airflow to maintain the conditions of 4.3;c) 3/s per on for which the space is designed.Supply to cabins with a private sanitary room fbath, or W.C. shall be at least 10% higher than the exhaust from

43、the sanitary room.OTE It is to be observed that there are national regulations specify rninimum number of air changes.2.2 Air supply for ventilationSupply of conditioned air to ventilated spaces, such as those red in a) to el, shall be provided directly or by transfer of less lated air from an adjacent space, and shall be suflicient to smit the exhaust airflow requircments of 6.4 to be achieved:a) pubilic sanitary rooms ( bath, shower, urinal or W.C.);b) laundry;c) drying and ironing rooms;d) changing rooms;e) cleaning lockers.NOTE It is assumed that supplemeintary means of heating a