几种特殊句式讲解及练习-倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句、祈使句

1、几种特殊句式讲解及练习倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句、祈使句倒装 Inversions1 倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.2) out, in, up,down,away表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。Out rushed a

2、missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went.2 倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等

3、。Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。I have never seen such a performance.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题1) W

4、hy cant I smoke here?At no time_ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room

5、at no time.2） Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know看到Not until的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。2以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not onlyb

6、ut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B.

7、 has the game begunC. did the game begin D. had the game begun答案 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not onlybut (also), no soonerthan, hardly when scarcely when 等等。注意：只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语

8、，不可用倒装结构。Not only you but also I am fond of music.3 so, neither, nor作部分倒装 以so/neither起首的倒装句，结构为so/neither谓语（助动词/be动词/情态动词）主语，用于说明上文所描述的情况也同样适用于下文的人或物。该结构中谓语动词的选择在形式上要和上文的谓语保持一致，数要由下文的主语来决定。注意，在“so谓语主语”的结构中，主语是另外的人或物，而在“so主语谓语”的结构中，主语仍是上文的人或物，表示对 上文所讲事实的肯定或强调，如，She can play the piano, so she can.（她会弹

9、钢琴，她的确会。）(1)He can sing a lot of English songs, so can she.他会唱很多英语歌曲，她也是。(2)She speaks English very well, so do I.她英语说得好，我也是。(3)Li Lei hasnt read this book, neither has Lin Feng.李蕾没看过这本书，林风也没看过。She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。

10、She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。典型例题-Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?-I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also答案：B. nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dont 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。

11、Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.-Its raining hard. -So it is.4 only在句首要倒装的情况 Only in this way, can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.其他部分倒装1) so that 句型中的

12、so 位于句首时，需倒装。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.There be句型是一种特殊的句子，真正的主语在后面，含义为“有” 谓语动词和主语保持一致：There is a television in the sit

13、ting room. 有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall. 主语的后面有时有修饰语：There are a lot of difficulties facing us. There were many things to be done. (此处也可以使用to do). 谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight. There was little change in him. 谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合

14、谓语。There used to be a cinema here.There seems to be something the matter with her.Is there going to be any activity tonight? there be句式变疑问句，把be提前；变反意疑问句也要借助there。 Is there any hope of getting the job?There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there? there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist

15、等不及物动词：Once upon a time, there lived a fisherman on the island.There came a knock at the door.At the top of the hill there stands an old temple. 用于非谓语的情况下，有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being:You wouldnt want there to be another war. (不定式的复合结构)The teacher was satisfied with there being

16、no mistakes in his homework. (动名词的复合结构)There being nothing else to do，we went home. (独立主格结构)强调句强调句型是英语中常用句子结构，又是高考中的常见考点，其基本结构为：It + be+ 被强调部分that句子其余部分。现将其用法归纳如下:1. 强调句型中，能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语、状语、宾语等，不能用来强调谓语动词、表语、补语、让步状语、条件状语等。例如It was in the park that I met my old teacher yesterday. (强调地点状语)It is Mr. S

17、mith that thinks Tom is a clever boy. （强调主语）2强调句型中，连接词一般用that，如被强调的部分是人，也可用who/whom，其他一律用that，不能用which, where, when等，即使被强调的是物、时间状语或地点状语。例如It was at the gate that we met the inspectors this morning.It is our head-teacher that/ who/whom we often turn to for help.3强调结构中，无论被强调的是人还是物，单数还是复数，be动词一律用单数is/w

18、as形式，如果原句的谓语动词是一般过去时，就用was; 是一般现在时，就用is。也可以用情态动词be形式。例如It was the farmers that lived a hard life before liberation.It might be yesterday that John bought a book for Mary.强调句型也有疑问句形式，包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。一般疑问句的强调形式，只需将is/ was 提前，移至句首即可，即：Is/ Was it that 。特殊疑问句的强调形式，须将陈述句变成一般疑问句，再在句首加上疑问词，即：疑问词（被强调部分）i

19、s/was + it + that + 句子其余部分。例如Was it last year that the building was completed？Where was it that you met your English teacher？It was the day before yesterday that you lost the money, wasnt it？. not until结构在强调句型中的运用：until引导的时间状语从句，也可以用在强调句型中，但主要是其否定形式，如用在强调句型中，必须将not前移，写成It is/was not until that 。例如It

20、 was not until the class began that he came in.It was not until last Friday that he finished reading the book.当强调的是主语时，其谓语动词应和被强调的人和物保持人称、数的一致。 例如It is I who am going to attend the meeting.7. 强调句型最容易与定语从句、主语从句和状语从句一起考查，应是学习和复习的重点。一般说来，如果把句子中的It is/ was that去掉，稍加调整语序，能还原成完整句子，并且句子意思依然完整，则为强调句型；否则，应为其

21、他句式。例如It was a small house that I used to live in. (定语从句)It was at the school gate that I met an old friend of mine.（强调句型）参考答案语法练兵场1-5. ABDBA 6-10. CADBB11. Read it 12. Listen to 13. shall we 14. Dont be 15. Dont sit16. will you 17. Dont move 18. will / wont you 19. broken glass / cup20. crying girl

22、祈使句祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。1. 肯定的祈使句（1）动词原形+其他Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。（2）Be + adj.Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心！（3）Lets + 动词原形Lets go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。2. 否定的祈使句(1) Dont + 动词原形Dont stand up. 别站起来。Dont be careless. 别粗心。Dont let

23、 them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。（2）Lets ( let sb ) + not + 动词原形Lets not say anything about it. 对于这件事，咱们什么也别说。Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。3.祈使句的反意疑问句(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或wont you。Please open the door, will/ wont you? 请把门打开，好吗？(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。Dont be late again, will you? 别

24、再迟到了，行不行？(3) 以lets开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。Lets turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开，好吗？ 只有以lets开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we，而let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或wont you.如：Let us stay here, will/ wont you? 请（你）让我们留在这好吗？语法练兵场单项选择1. The TV is too loud. Please_.A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn do

25、wn it D. to turn down it2. _ late again, Bill!A. Dont to be B. Dont be C. Not be D. Be not3. _ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.A. Not B. Wont C. Doesnt D. Dont4. Please help me carry it, _?A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we5. Dont make so much noise, _?A. will you B. won

26、t you C. shall we D. do you6. Do you know the girl _under the tree?A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood7. Kate, _ your homework here tomorrow.A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing8. _ me the truth, or Ill be angry.A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell9. Ive kept the dog _Maomao for a long

27、time.A. Name B. named C. naming D. to name10. Dont you know that _ is good for our health?A. swim B. swimming C. swam D. swims句型转换11. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句） _ _ again more slowly, please.12. If you dont listen to me, Ill go. （改为同义句）_ _ me, or Ill go.13. Lets watch the spo

28、rts games. （改为反意疑问句）Lets watch the sports games, _ _?14. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句） _ _careless, please.15. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）_ _ next to Nancy.16. Dont forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句） Dont forget to turn off the lights, _ _?17. I

29、f you move, youll die. （改为同义句）_ _, or youll die.18. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为反意疑问句）Come to my house tomorrow, _ _?反意疑问句这类句型和它的名字一样，是表示反问别人的，带有很浓的感情色彩，表示惊奇，愤怒，讽刺，不服气等。例如：You call this a days work，dont you?你说这就叫一天的活儿，不是吗?一、 当陈述部分是祈使句时：1、肯定祈使句时，疑问部分用will you 或者 wont you.Close the door, will you /

30、wont you?2、否定祈使句时，只用will you.3、以lets 开头的祈使句用shall we.4、以let us 开头的祈使句用 will you.5、以let me 开头的用 may I / will you.二、 当陈述部分为并列句时，附近疑问句应采用就近原则，与最后一个分句相一致。I help Lucy with her Chinese ,and she helps me with my English, doesnt she?三、 当陈述部分为主从复合句时：1、疑问部分须与主句保持一致：He says his mother didnt feel well, doesnt h

31、e?2、当陈述部分是 I think I believe I guess 等主句后跟that 从句时(主句的主语必须是I)疑问部分应和从句保持一致,并且要注意否定的转移：I believe he will pass the exam, wont he?I dont think he will pass the exam, will he?四、 部分特殊简单句的反意疑问句：1、 陈述部分是 I am 时，后面用 arent I.2、陈述部分含有否定前、后缀构成的词时，作肯定句处理，疑问部分用否定：Tom is unhappy today, isnt he? She is careless ,is

32、nt she?3、 陈述部分含有never nothing hardly neither little few no nobody none tooto no one等表示否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式：She has no money to pay for it, does she ?4、以there 开头的陈述句有两种情况：(1)、there be 句型时，疑问部分的主语用there,There are some books on the table, arent there?( 2)、当以表示“地点”的there 引导时，要用陈述句真实主语的相应代词形式作疑问部分的主语，常有这两个句

33、型：There live There standThere stand two trees on the hill, dont they? There lived a poor old man in the woods, didnt he?5、陈述部分出现had better 句式时，后面仍用had 构成疑问部分。Shed better stay in bed, hadnt she?6、陈述部分的主语为不定式、动名词、或从句时，疑问部分的主语用 it .Reading in bed is bad for your eyes, isnt it?7、陈述部分的主语是this/that时，疑问部分的主语用it , 陈述部分的主语是these/those时，疑问部分的主语用they.8、当陈述部分的主语为everybody nobody somebody anybody everyone 等指代人的不定代词时，疑问部分的主语用he 或者 they. 当陈述部分的主语为everyt