选修8Unit3Reading

1、Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 Top 10 “inventions” that changed the world 1. GPS Technology （Global Position System 全球全球定位系统定位系统）2. The Sony Walkman （索尼随身听索尼随身听）3. The Bar code (条形码条形码)4. TV Dinners (冷冻快餐冷冻快餐)5. Play Station (游戏站游戏站)Top 10 “inventions” that changed the world 6. Social Networking （社交

2、网络）（社交网络）7. Text messages （手机短信）（手机短信）8. Electronic Money （电子货币）（电子货币）9. Microwaves （微波炉）（微波炉）10. Trainers （教练机）（教练机） Four great inventions in ancient Chinapaper-makingprintingcompassgunpowder= = Look at the pictures below and discuss in pairs which pictures show inventions and which show discoverie

3、s.an amphibious car 水陆两用车水陆两用车This is the first car that can travel safely on water and on land. When moving on water, the wheels of the car turn sideways and move into the body. The underneath of the car is strong enough to sail as a boat. It is a prototype and is not yet being produced for sale. T

4、his is an interesting modern invention.Stephensons “Rocket” “火箭号火箭号”蒸汽机蒸汽机George Stephenson was one of the first men to design engines for the railways which were new at that time. It was a great invention.The structure of DNAThis was a discovery of Francis Crick and James Watson and published in 19

5、53. These two scientists were the first to show that our genes consist of two spirals of DNA (called the double-helix双螺旋双螺旋). This work led directly to the human genome project（基因组计划基因组计划） in 2003, which discovered the structure of DNA. what is a discovery？ what is an invention？An invention is _.A d

6、iscovery is _.existing in nature but not yet knownfinding out something alreadyby human beings not existing before something that was createdan inventiondiscoveryuniversal gravitationthe electric bulb Some examples of discoveries and inventions. Pre-reading .The suitable order:Finding a problemDoing

7、 research Thinking of a creative solutionTesting the solutionDeciding on the inventionApplying for a patentPatent office (专利局专利局) plays the role of deciding what is an invention and what is not. And only inventions can get patents and so be recognized and protected.patentsThe problem of the snakesRe

8、ading:Find a problemThe snakes must be removed but not harmedDo researchLook for methods of removal; the habits of snakesFill the chart.Test the solution several times Apply for a patentFill in the form and file your patent application with the patent office Think of a creative solutionIdentify thre

9、e possible approaches: choose oneTry three times to make it work efficiently Careful Reading: Para1: Q1 & 2 (P21) Q1: The mother was upset because a family of snakes had made their home near the house. Q2: The writer was happy because it give her an opportunity to help her mother and invent some

10、thing to catch the snakes without hurting them at the same time. What was the writers three attempts to catchthe snakes? Why did the first two attemptsfail?The first attempt:The writer placed the frozen bowl over the snakes habitat for two hours.Two hours was too short to make the snakes sleepy. She

11、 needed to spend more time cooling the snakes.Para 4-6:The second attempt:The writer placed the frozen bowl over the snakes habitat in the evening for a whole night.Once the snakes were picked up, they were woken and tried to bite her.The third attempt:The writer placed the frozen bowl over the snak

12、es habitat in the evening and carry a net to collect the snakes without harming them the next morning. Post-reading . Why did cooling make the snakes less active? Snakes dont have a way of keeping warm in their bodies. They get warmth from the sun and become more active at this time. When the sun go

13、es down at night they cool down and become less active. So extra cooling to the snake would make them even less active and easier to catch. You are able to prove that you were the first person to make the invention. You are recognized as a real inventor. You can make money if you sell your invention

14、 to others.What the advantages might be of getting a patent?1. 打电话打电话 2. 有时有时, 偶尔偶尔3. 摆脱摆脱, 赶走赶走4. 使自己扬名使自己扬名, 显摆自己显摆自己5. 生物生物6. 一种新方法一种新方法7. 着手着手, 开始开始8. 决定决定9. 把它们引入陷阱把它们引入陷阱10. 一个制作冰淇淋的器具一个制作冰淇淋的器具11. 同时同时call up now and thenget rid ofdistinguish oneselfliving creaturesa new approachset aboutdeci

15、de onattract them into a trapan ice-cream makerat the same timePhrases and Sentences12. 消失在墙壁附近的消失在墙壁附近的 洞里洞里13. 提起提起, 拿起拿起 14. 根据根据15. 温顺的蛇温顺的蛇 16. 把它们都释放到野外把它们都释放到野外17. 被某人督促被某人督促18. 专利局专利局 19. 填表填表20. 的问题的问题disappear into a convenient hole in the wall pick upaccording tothe passive snakesrelease

16、them all back into the wildbe pressed bythe patent officefill in the forma matter of21. 这是因为我预料它还会再咬人。这是因为我预料它还会再咬人。22. 你看看我的银行节余金额就知道我是否你看看我的银行节余金额就知道我是否 成功了成功了。You will know if I succeed by the size of my bank balance.This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. 1. go through 1) 经

17、历经历(不愉快的事不愉快的事)Most families went through a lot in the war.2) 通过通过, 成功成功, 成交成交 The plan did not go through.3) 审阅审阅, 检查检查I cant go though the letters in an hour.4) 翻找翻找, 查看查看Mother went through the drawer for her glasses.A terrible noise went through the house.5) 穿过穿过, 通过通过read through 通读通读look throu

18、gh 浏览浏览flow through 流过流过get through 通过通过, 接通接通, 使使成功成功search through 搜寻搜寻, 查找查找2. do research on /into /in.从事从事, , 进行进行, , 做研究做研究e.g. They are carrying out a research into the causes of cancer.注意注意: research可作可数名词和不可数可作可数名词和不可数 名词名词, 有自己的单复数形式。有自己的单复数形式。 但是短语但是短语do research on/into/in. 中中research 为不

19、可数名词。为不可数名词。3. When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone, she was very upset.call up 打电话打电话, 使使回忆起回忆起今晚我会给你打电话。今晚我会给你打电话。Ill call you up tonight. (ring sb. up)老相片引起了我对童年的回忆。老相片引起了我对童年的回忆。The old photo calls up memories of my childhood. (recall sth.) call back call forcall in cal

20、l oncall at召唤某人回来召唤某人回来; 再访再访; 回电话回电话需要需要, 要求要求, 接接(人或物人或物)邀请邀请; 请来请来拜访拜访(人人)拜访拜访(某地某地)-Can I do the job?-Im afraid not, because it _ skill and patience. A. calls on B. calls out C. calls up D. calls forD call ondrop in on pay a visit to go on a visit to visitcall at drop in at pay a visit togo on a

21、 visit to visit拜访某地拜访某地+sp.拜访某人拜访某人+ sb.4. now and then 时而时而; 不时不时 = sometimes我偶尔看见他，我偶尔看见他，但不常见。但不常见。我有时喜欢去看歌剧。我有时喜欢去看歌剧。I see him now and then, but not often.I like to go to the opera now and then.from time to time(every) now and againfrom now onjust now since then有时有时; 不时不时时而时而; 不时不时从现在开始从现在开始, 今

22、后今后刚才刚才从那时以来从那时以来5. Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something distinguish oneself 显扬自己显扬自己, 使自己扬名使自己扬名e.g. The man distinguished himself by his wisdom.distinguish vt. & vi. 1) 辨别辨别; 辨认辨认e.g. 我分不清这对双胞胎，因为他们太像了。我分不清这对双胞胎，因为他们太像了。 I cant distinguish the twins for they ar

23、e so alike. 从远处我能认出他们。从远处我能认出他们。 I can distinguish them at a distance.2) (常与常与from, between连用连用) 区别区别; 区分区分distinguish A from B 把把A与与B加以分开加以分开distinguish between A and B 辨别辨别A和和B你能区分那两个物体吗？你能区分那两个物体吗？应当教育孩子分辨是非。应当教育孩子分辨是非。Children should be taught to_.Can you distinguish between those two objects?di

24、stinguish right from wrong语言把人和动物区别开来。语言把人和动物区别开来。Speech _.象因为有长鼻子而有别于其他动物。象因为有长鼻子而有别于其他动物。Elephants _ by their long trunks.You should be able to _ right from wrong. A. differ B. distinguish C. determine D. observedistinguishes men from animalsare distinguished distinctiondistinctiven. 区别区别, 差异差异 ad

25、j. 有特色的有特色的, 与众不同的与众不同的B be distinguished fromdistinguish from be distinguished by be distinguished for 不同于不同于与与加以区别加以区别辨别辨别, 把把和和区别开区别开以以为特征为特征因因而著称而著称distinguished adj.distinguishing adj.distinguishable adj.distinct adj.著名的著名的, 出名的出名的有区别的有区别的可区别的可区别的截然不同的截然不同的6. The first thing I tried to do was t

26、o see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. there be 常见的变化形式有常见的变化形式有: : there seems to be, there happens to be, there used to be.辨析辨析: : there be与与have there be 强调某处有某物强调某处有某物; have 强调某人有某物强调某人有某物, 指为人所拥有指为人所拥有e.g. There is a book on

27、 the desk. I have a book. 在在there be结构中结构中, be的人称与数应遵循的人称与数应遵循就近一致原则。就近一致原则。There _ a bucket of water and two chairs in the corner of the house.There _ two chairs and a bucket of water in the corner of the house.waswere2) seem的归纳总结的归纳总结seem +to be + +形容词形容词/ /名词名词/ /介词短语介词短语/ /分词分词Something seemed t

28、o be wrong with him.You seemed to be in a great hurry. The first memories seemed to be connected with work.He seemed to be a good leader.It seems that. It seems as if/ as though. There seems (to be ). seem 构成的句式构成的句式:It seems that everyone was satisfied. It seems as if you are the first one here.The

29、re seems (to be) no reason for believing him.seem 表示有某种根据的判断表示有某种根据的判断, 这种判断往往这种判断往往接近事实或者符合事实。接近事实或者符合事实。appear 从外表或者表面上看来从外表或者表面上看来“似乎似乎, 好像好像”, 有时暗含有时暗含“事实上并非如此事实上并非如此”之意。之意。look 强调视觉上的印象。强调视觉上的印象。 It appears a true story. He looks a perfect fool.Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears

30、 _ everything. (2001上海上海)A. to tell B. to be toldC. to be telling D. to have been toldD 7. But there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. powder n. 粉粉, 粉末粉末; 药粉药粉; 火药火药 grain sth. into powder 把磨成粉把磨成粉 8. I set about researching the habits of snakes so I could trap them in the easiest w

31、ay.1) set about =set out: to begin or start 着手着手; 开始开始他一到那儿就着手解决问题。他一到那儿就着手解决问题。He _ as soon as he arrived there.= He _ as soon as he arrived there.set about solving the problemset out to solve the problemset out 的另一个意思为的另一个意思为“动身动身”, “出发出发”, 后面常后面常跟介词跟介词for。他们已出发到上海去了。他们已出发到上海去了。They have set out (

32、= set off ) for Shanghai.set out set out to do sth.set off set asideset down set up出发出发, 起程起程开始做某事开始做某事出发出发, 动身动身留出留出, 对对不予考虑不予考虑记下记下, 写下写下设置设置, 造成造成, 产生产生be in the habitout of habit break the habitdevelop/form the habit of2) habit n. 习惯习惯出于习惯出于习惯打破打破的习惯的习惯养成养成习惯习惯 habit 通常指个人经常性的行为通常指个人经常性的行为 custo

33、m 一般指整个社会在一段时间里的一般指整个社会在一段时间里的 行为、风俗行为、风俗 practice 指惯例指惯例, , 也指商业或者法律上的也指商业或者法律上的 常规做法。常规做法。有有的习惯的习惯9. Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes hard when cooled.when cooled 的构成的构成: 连词连词when +过去分过去分词词, 相当于相当于when 引导的状语从句引导的状语从句: when it is cooled.While unfin

34、ished, he was ugly, but now he was a living horror.while unfinished,. =when/while 引导的时间状语从句中的主语引导的时间状语从句中的主语, 如果与主句的主语相同如果与主句的主语相同, 常常可用常常可用“when/ while +现在分词短语或者过去分词短语现在分词短语或者过去分词短语”的结构来代替。的结构来代替。= You must be careful when crossing the street.e.g. You must be careful when you cross the street.While

35、 he was unfinishedWhen _ help, one often says “thankyou” or “ its kind of you”. A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offeredD 原从句为主动结构时原从句为主动结构时, 用用when/while+现在分现在分词来代替词来代替; 原句为被动结构时原句为被动结构时, 用用 when /while+过去分词短语来代替。过去分词短语来代替。10. They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.

36、1) abruptly adv. 突然地突然地, 唐突地唐突地 abrupt adj. 突然的突然的; 意外的意外的e.g. 这路有很多急转弯。这路有很多急转弯。The road is full of _.这会议突然结束了。这会议突然结束了。The meeting came to _.我们的讨论突然给缩短了。我们的讨论突然给缩短了。Our discussion was _ curtailed.abrupt turnsan abrupt endabruptlybe convenient for sb.sth.It is convenient for sb. to do sth.对某人对某人/某物

37、便利某物便利/方便的方便的译：三点钟对你方便吗？译：三点钟对你方便吗？e.g. Will 3oclock be convenient for you?译：明天开始工作对你方便吗？译：明天开始工作对你方便吗？e.g. Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?2) convenient adj. 便利的便利的, 方便的方便的对某人来说做某事是方便的对某人来说做某事是方便的1. Come and see me whenever _.A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. i

38、t is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you2. If it is quite _ to you, Ill visit you next Tuesday. A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortableC A convenience U 方便方便, 便利便利 C 方便的事方便的事 at ones convenience在某人方便的时候在某人方便的时候e.g. Please do this job at your convenience.11. expectation n. 预料预料, 预期

39、预期, 期待期待e.g. He has little expectation of winning a prize. 他对获奖不抱什么希望。他对获奖不抱什么希望。 e.g. There is no expectation of snow tonight. 今晚预料无雪。今晚预料无雪。What he did was against all expectations. 他所做的完全他所做的完全出乎意料。出乎意料。“的期望的期望, , 期待期待”用用of。12. monitor1) vt. 监听监听, 收听收听e.g. They have been monitoring the enemys radio broadcasts to try to find out their secret plans.2) 密切监视密切监视, 监督监督e.g. The teacher is monitoring an examination.14. Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an invent