主谓一致和倒装句

1、1. 由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，一个人的双重身份或匹配出现的事物时谓语动词为单数，由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。 The worker and writer is from Beijing. (那个工人兼作家) The worker and the writer are from Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家)Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.Both Cathy and her daughter Linda have gone fishing in Canada. 常见的由常见的由

2、and连接的指一个概念的有：连接的指一个概念的有：the needle and thread 针线针线salt and water盐和水盐和水the folk and knife 刀叉刀叉 iron and steel 钢铁钢铁time and tide 岁月岁月2. everyone of one of each of either of neither of+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 Each of the students has a book. Each of the girls likes dancing. One of them has been abroad. Neither

3、 of the two boys is good at English.one of复数名词定语从句复数名词定语从句结构结构如果如果one前面没有限定词前面没有限定词，这个句型中的，这个句型中的“复数名词复数名词”是先行词，是先行词，定语从句的谓语动定语从句的谓语动词用复数；词用复数；如果如果one前面有前面有the only, the first, the last, the right等限定词修饰等限定词修饰，则，则one是先行词，是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。定语从句的谓语动词用单数。John is the only one of the students who has the

4、keys.John is one of the students who have the keys.3. more than one, many a + 单数名词单数名词作主语，意义上是复数，谓语动词常作主语，意义上是复数，谓语动词常用单数。用单数。(形单意复形单意复)More than one student has tried.Many a student and teacher is watching the football match.Many a man has died in the war.4. each/every/no/many a + 单数名词 and each/eve

5、ry/no/many a + 单数名词 作主语，谓语动词用单数。1.Each book and each paper is foundin its place.2.Every boy and every girl has the rightto receive education.3.Many a boy and many a girl has seenthese painting.4.Every hour and minute is important.第二个each, every, no, many a可以省略。5. a+单数名词+and a half, a+单数名词+or two 作主语

6、时，谓语动词用单数。1. A year and a half has passed.2. A day or two is enough.one or two +复数名词, one and a half +复数名词作主语，谓语用复数。1.One or two boys know it.2.One and a half months have passed since I saw him.3.A month and a half has passed since I saw him. none of.结构作主语结构作主语指代不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数；指代不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数；指代复数名

7、词作主语，强调全体，谓语指代复数名词作主语，强调全体，谓语用复数更好一些；用复数更好一些；着重个别，则用单数较好。着重个别，则用单数较好。None of the money is yours.None of us havehas ever been abroad.6. all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，等不定代词作主语，根根 据其指代的内容而定。据其指代的内容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good. 7. “a number of复数名词复数名词”作主语，作主语， 谓谓语用复数语用复数; “许多许多” “the n

8、umber of复数名词复数名词”作主语，作主语，谓语用单数谓语用单数。“的数量的数量”The number of traffic accidents has increased.A number of children like this song.the quantity of + 复数名词或不可数名词，复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数谓语用单数。a quantity of +复数名词复数名词,谓语用复数谓语用复数。 a quantity of +不可数名词不可数名词,谓语用单数谓语用单数.quantities of + 复数名词或不可数名词，复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用复数。谓语用复数。

9、Quantities of tea were sold last month.A large quantity of beer was sold out. The quantity of books in the library is amazing. 8. Quantity/ies of +名词复数名词复数/不可数名词不可数名词9. population 做主语指人口做主语指人口,谓语用单数；谓语用单数；指人的行为、居民等，谓语常用复数；指人的行为、居民等，谓语常用复数；分数分数/百分数百分数+ of the population做主语，谓做主语，谓语用复数。语用复数。The populat

10、ion of the village is 538.One third of the population here are workers.10. the Olympic Games, the Asian Games 做主语，谓语用复数。做主语，谓语用复数。The Olympic Games are held every four years.谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词保持一致。 11.1.Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.2.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is

11、 covered by sea.3.Over twenty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.4.Forty-five percent of the doctors were women.5.Only 40 percent of the students in the class are boys.12. 集体名词集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, majority, crew, audience, government, public

12、, group, committee等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。 His family is in Harbin. His family are music lovers.The committee was made up of 10 members.The committee were in the hall. This class consists of 45 students. Mr. Green teaches it This class are all diligent. Mr. Green teaches them.The team is the best in t

13、he league这个队在联赛中打得最好。这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The football team are having baths足球队队员们在洗澡。足球队队员们在洗澡。 1His family _ a small one2His family _ fat and short A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is 此题应选此题应选 。family是一个集合名词，是一个集合名词，具有单数具有单数(侧重指整体侧重指整体)和复数和复数(侧重指侧重指个体个体)两种可能。两种可能。但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法： 1. 有的集合名词总是

14、用作单数有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数不可数)：clothing衣服，衣服，poetry 诗歌，诗歌，baggageluggage 行李，行李，furniture家俱，家俱，scenery 景色等。景色等。 2. 有的集合名词总是表示复数意义有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不但不用复数形式用复数形式)：people人，人，police警察，警察，cattle牲口等。牲口等。3. goods, clothes, glasses, shoes, scissors及及trousers, chopsticks, compasses等以等以复数形式出现的名词作主语，谓语用复复数形式出现的名词作主语，谓

15、语用复数；数；4. news, politics, maths, physics, plastics等形式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主等形式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主语，谓语用单数。语，谓语用单数。The goods belong to Mr. Wang.No news is good news.My trousers are new.13. “theadj./v-ed/v-ing”作主语作主语 the + dying, young, old, blind, rich, sick, wounded, poor及及dead等词，等词，相相当于复数名词，代表整个类别，故作当于复数名词，代表整个类

16、别，故作主语时谓语用复数。主语时谓语用复数。The old in China are living a happy life.The wounded have been saved.The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.14. 表示时间、距离、钱额、重量、空间、 体积等意义的复数名词作主语，谓语 动词常用单数。1. Eight hours of sleep is enough.2. A hundred miles is a long distance.3. Ten pounds was missing from my poc

17、ket.4.Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 15. 动名词、不定式、从句做主语动名词、不定式、从句做主语1).单个动名词或不定式作主语，谓语单个动名词或不定式作主语，谓语用单数。用单数。Making speeches is not her strong point.Growing flowers needs constant watering.2). 由由and连接的两个连接的两个(或多个或多个)动名词或动名词或不定式作主语不定式作主语 如果并列的动名词或不定式语义相同如果并列的动名词或不定式语义相同或相似，谓语用单数；或

18、相似，谓语用单数； 如果语义不一致，则谓语用复数。如果语义不一致，则谓语用复数。Lying and stealing are not right.To love and to be loved is sweet to me.Weeping and wailing does nothing towards solving the problem.3). 由由that, where, when, whether, how等等词引导的名词性从句作主语，主句的谓词引导的名词性从句作主语，主句的谓语常用单数形式。语常用单数形式。How they can finish their work is stil

19、l unknown.Where we will go has not been decided.When and where to hold the meeting _ not decided.When to hold the meeting and where to have lunch _ not decided.isare4.) 由由what引导的名词性从句作主语引导的名词性从句作主语，谓语一般用单数谓语一般用单数(表语是复数时也可用表语是复数时也可用复数复数)；如果如果what从句是带有复数意义的并列从句是带有复数意义的并列结构，主句的谓语用复数。结构，主句的谓语用复数。What th

20、ey are after is money.What we want areis promises.What he says and (what he) does do not agree.16. Not only he but also I am invited. I or his brothers were to blame.Neither I nor he is to attend the meeting.Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.Not only I but Jane and Ma

21、ry _ tired of having one examination after another. (89)A. is B. are C. am D. be析析: 由由“or, eitheror, neithernor, notbut, not only but also”连接连接两个并列主语时，动词与靠近的主两个并列主语时，动词与靠近的主语保持一致。语保持一致。17.当当 there be/ here be 句型的主语是一句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。持一致。 1. There is a pen, a knife and sev

22、eral books on the desk. 2. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 3. Here is a letter and a book for you.4. There are three chairs, two tables and a bike in the house.主语后跟主语后跟结构时，谓语动词一般和前结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。面的主语保持一致。 1. The teacher with a number of students is in

23、 the classroom.2. Tom, as much as you, was responsible for the loss. 3. He more than you is anxious to go there.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a giftA. is offered B. has offeredC. are offered D. have offeredWe Chinese _ a hard-working peopleA. is B. are C. is being D. are bein

24、g此题应选此题应选 。这里应注意的是：我们这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。1.These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim2.The planets were the object of his study3.The most important thing I need is books4.

25、The countrys leading export is watches5.The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境（多数情况是看其数，要看具体的语境（多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数）：后面词语的单复数）：1 aWho is your brother？bWho are your brothers？2 aWhat he said is quite correctbWhat he

26、left me are only a few old books1. _ you or he the teacher of English? Neither my sister nor my mother _ present at the meeting. A. Are, was B. Is, were C. Are, are D. Is, is 2. When and where to build the new factory_ yet. (91) A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not dec

27、ided析析: 当当when和和where加不定式指的是加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。 A3. I, not you, _ in the wrong. Not I but he _ been invited. A. were, have B. were, has C. was, has D. was, have4. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. (99 Sh2) A. is playing B. have played C. are p

28、laying D. play5. One or two days _ enough to see the city A. is B. are C. am D. be6. Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind A. is B. are C. am D. be7. Not the teacher, but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A. is B. are C. am D. be8. His “Select

29、ed Poems” _ first published in 1965. 78 A. were B. was C. has been D. have been9. A woman with some children _ soonA. is coming B. are coming C. has come D. have come10. No one except my parents _ anything about this。A. know B. knows C. is known D. are knownNo one knows anything about this except my

30、 parents.11. The teacher as well as the students _ the book already A. has read B. have read C. are reading D. is reading12. All but one _ in the accident A. was killed B. were killed C. will be killed D. are killed All were killed in the accident but one.13.The number of people invited _fifty, but

31、a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; wasB. was; was C. was; wereD. were; were14. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. 99sh A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are15. Mathematics _ the language of science. A. is B. are goi

32、ng to be C. are D. were16. A good deal of money _ spent on books. 83 A. have B. has C. have been D. has been17. On the wall _ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging8518. “_turn green in spring. 86 A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves 19. Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A. know B. kno

33、ws C. have known D. is known 20. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were21. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land. 01 sh A. number; hasB. quantity; has C. number; haveD. quantity; have22. Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers

34、who _ to visit the museum _ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning. A. are; areB. is; is C. are; isD. is; areInversion 倒装句倒装句 Oh No, not again! 表示强调。表示强调。 承上启下。承上启下。 平衡结构。平衡结构。 增强句子的表现力。增强句子的表现力。 制造悬念，渲染气氛。制造悬念，渲染气氛。基本语序基本语序主语主语 + 谓语谓语He knew no one in Paris.倒装语序倒装语序部分倒装部分倒装完全倒装完全

35、倒装谓语谓语 + 主主语语助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词完全倒装完全倒装部分倒装部分倒装+主语主语 + 动词动词In came the headmaster. Nothing do I care in my life.基本语序基本语序（natural order）：）：主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 （subject + predicate+ object）I love English.谓语谓语+主语主语完全倒装完全倒装 (full inversion)Here came the headmaster.助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词+ 主语主语 + 动词动词部分倒装部分倒装 (partial i

36、nversion)Nerve will I forget you.倒装的目的倒装的目的1语法要求：语法要求：疑问句，疑问句，there be, 祝愿句祝愿句2修辞要求：修辞要求：为了强调；为了强调； 为描写为描写 生动；为衔接上下生动；为衔接上下 文；为平衡句子文；为平衡句子Rewrite the following sentences in natural order. Hardly could people believe their eyes. Never did Emmons expect it. In no time did he freeze. Not until the last

37、 shot did he lose. Gone was the gold. So was the silver. So depressed was he that he came up to his wife. He couldnt accept it. Nor could his wife. People could hardly believe their eyes.Emmons never expected it.He froze in no time.He did not lose until the last shot.The gold was gone.The silver was

38、 gone too.He was so depressed that he came up to his wife.His wife couldnt accept it either.部分倒装部分倒装1）never, seldom, little, rarely，nowhere, not, hardly,scarcely 等等词位于句首时词位于句首时Never have I seen him before.Seldom do we go out.Little does he know what trouble he is in.I have never seen him before.We s

39、eldom go out.He doesnt know what trouble he is in.He little knows what trouble he is in.Exercises:We are going nowhere at the weekend.He knows little about German.Nowhere are we going at the weekend.Little does he know about German.We can solve the problem only by working harder.I realized that I sh

40、ould have taken your advice only when I lost the game.Only by working harder can we solve the problem.Only when I lost the game did I realize that I should have taken your advice.Only you can help me.2)Only + 状语，位于句首状语，位于句首Only in this way can you work out the problem. only+介词短语修饰整句Only then did I r

41、ecognize her.only+副词修饰整句Only when the war was over was he able to get back home.only+when/if/after的从句修饰整句He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awaked her. Scarcely had she fallen asleep

42、when a knock at the door awaked her.Exercises:3) No soonerthan Hardly whenScarcely whenHardly had they gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.位于句首位于句首一一就就 （两个动作（两个动作一前一后发生）一前一后发生）他们一走出教室就下雨了。No sooner/hardly+过去完成时过去完成时, than/when+过去时过去时I did not begin to do my homework until my mother came

43、back. Not until (my mother came back) did I begin to do my homework.Exercises: 4.not until Not until yesterday did I know the news.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.so .that.位于句首位于句首5) Not onlybut also连接两个句子时连接两个句子时He is not only an actor but also a writer. Not

44、only is he an actor but also (he is) a writer.There was not only no electricity at that time, but also (there was) no water in the area. Not only was there no electricity at that time but also (there was) no water in the area. 6) so neither/nor引起的句子表引起的句子表示前面所说的示前面所说的情况也适用于情况也适用于另一个人另一个人He likes ric

45、e very well. So do I.I have never been abroad. Neither has he.We saw the film last week. They saw it, too.We saw the film last week. So did they.I didnt read the notice on the blackboard. He didnt either. I didnt read the notice on the blackboard. Nor did he.*It was cold yesterday. So it was.Exercis

46、es:7. 含有含有NO的介词短语位于句首的介词短语位于句首At no time (从不，决不) will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.By no means （决不）can teaching be separated from practice.8.省略了省略了 if 的虚拟条件句的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句的谓语动词如果是虚拟条件句的谓语动词如果是 were, had, should 时，可省略时，可省略if, 但其谓语须倒装。但其谓语须倒装。Had you worked hard at your lessons, you would ha

47、ve passed the exam. 完全倒装完全倒装Here, there, then, now, 或或 out, in, up, down, away, off 等副词开头的句子等副词开头的句子There goes the bus.Out ran the teacher.Then came a new difficulty.Now comes your turn.主语是人称代词，语序不变。主语是人称代词，语序不变。Here you are.Out it comes.直接引语的一部分或全部放在直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。句首时，有时用倒装。“Ill call again

48、after supper,” said he.“Let me go on with the operation.” said one of the doctors. 表语（介词短语）表语（介词短语）+ 系动词系动词 + 主语主语 In the corner was a table.(A table was in the corner.)强调表语时使用强调表语时使用Around his head was a brown snake.*As 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句Though he was old, he insisted on going with us. Though he wo

49、rked hard, he failed.Though he is a child, he knows a lot about the world.Though he might try, Tom could not get out of the difficulty.Old as/though he was, he insisted on going with us. (as从句要倒装，表语成分前置)Hard as he worked, he failed.Child as he is , he knows a lot about the world.（若表语为可数名词单数，a/an 省略）

50、Try as he might, Tom could not get out of he difficulty.*As 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句Though he was old, he insisted on going with us. (as从句要倒装，表语成分前置)Though he worked hard, he failed.Though he is a child, he knows a lot about the world.（若表语为可数名词单数，a/an 省略）Though he might try, Tom could not get out of the d

51、ifficulty.*As 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句Old as he was, he insisted on going with us. (as从句要倒装，表语成分前置)Hard as he worked, he failed.Child as he is , he knows a lot about the world.（若表语为可数名词单数，a/an 省略）Try as he might, Tom could not get out of he difficulty.Fail as I did, I would try again.1.n./adj. + as + S +

52、v.2.adv. + as + S + v.3.v. + as + S + 情态动词情态动词/助动词助动词状语（介词短语）状语（介词短语）+ v. + S.On the wall hangs an old jacket.To the east of the city lie two lakes.Two lakes lie to the east of the city.An old jacket hangs on the wall.S1. After that we never saw her again, nor_from her. ( ) A.did we hear B.we heard

53、C.have we heard D. we have heard2. Not until I began to work_ _how much time I had wasted. ( ) A.didnt I realize B.did I realize C.I didnt realize D.I realized3. Little_about his own safety,though he was in great danger. ( ) A.does he care B.did he care C.he cares D.he cared 4. -David has made great

54、 progress recently. -_, and _. ( ) A.So he has; so you have B.So he has; so have you C.So has he; so have you D.So has he; so you have5. -It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night. -My god! _. ( ) A.So did I B.So I did C.So were you D.So did you6. -Marx was born in Germany,

55、and German was his native language. -_. ( ) A.So it was with Engels B.So was Engels C.So Engeles was D.Was Engels soABBB BA7. Not a single song_at yesterdays party. ( ) A.she sang B.sang she C.did she sing D.she did sing8. Be quick! _. ( ) A.The bus comes here B.The bus here comes C.Here comes the b

56、us D.Here is coming the bus9. No sooner_than he fell asleep. ( ) A.his head had touched the pillow B.had his head touched the pillow C.touched the pillow his head had D.had touched his head the pillow10. Seldom_. ( ) A.Lili her feelings showed B.did show Lili her feelings C.Lili showed her feelings D.did Lili s