中考考点之形容词

1、1Adjectives 形容词 定义 分类 形容词的排列顺序 形容词和副词的比较级最高级2Adjectives 形容词 定义： 形容词是用来描写或修饰名词的一类词，多数形容词具有比较的语法特征。形容词的位置一般在其所修饰的名词之前。 分类： 1）性质形容词：hot, quick， good, kind, nice, wrong, silly, clever, careless, selfish, generous etc. 1.It is +adj. + of sb. +to do sth. 作表语的形容词都是表示作表语的形容词都是表示人物性质或特征人物性质或特征: good, kind, n

2、ice, wrong, silly, clever, careless, selfish, generous etc.e.g. 你真是太好了,把零用钱给那些需要帮助的人 Its kind _ you _ _ your _ money _ people _ _. 你真是太大方了,把食物和别人分享 Its _ _ you to _ your food _ others.oftogivepocketto in needgenerous ofsharewithIt is +adj.+for sb.+to do sth. 表示不定式的特征.常见的形容词为:hard, easy, important, n

3、ecessary,difficultetc.e.g. 我们学好英语很重要 It is _ _ us _ learn English _. 你不可能准时完成这么多工作 It is _ _ you to finish _ _ work _ _. important for to wellimpossible for so much on time52）叙述形容词：A 某些以a-开头的形容词： afraid alive alone ashamed asleep awake Dont be afraid. Now the baby is asleep. He was alone in the hous

4、e. Notice:若要用作定语且具有以上意义，可改用其他 误：an asleep child, an ashamed girl, an alive poet 正：a sleeping child, a shy girl, a living poetB.某些表示健康的形容词： fine ill well He was ill and couldnt come. 6C.某些描述感觉或心情的形容词：glad pleased sorry Im glad to hear that. You will be sorry about this later. We are very pleased with

5、 the plan. D.其他表语形容词：certain sure fond ready unableIm certain sure he will come. He is fond of music. We are ready to do it. 形容词的另一种分类 一般形容词： bad, difficult, cruel, cold 名词形容词：a college student, the bus stop, a car accident 复合形容词： cold-blooded(冷血的）, war-like （好战的），8-year-old 分词形容词： a sleeping boy, a

6、 running car, a developed country 限定形容词： a, the, his, some, first形容词放在被修饰词后面的情况A. 修饰以-body, -one, -thing, -where 结尾的复合词时：Ive got something important to tell you. Lets go somewhere quiet.B. 一些以a-开头的形容词：Are there any people still alive in the mine?I am not alone in this opinion.C. 一些以-ible, -able 结尾的形

7、容词 ：There are quite a few books available on this subject.Id like to speak to the person responsible. 有些形容词，只能作表语， 不能作定语， 如：alone, afraid, asleep, glad, sorry, ill, alive, aware, alike, awake等。一般不用very 修饰，而用much, very much等词修饰 He is an alone man. (误） I am very much afraid. The two sisters are much a

8、likeIm sorry to hear that. He is asleep. 容易混淆的几对形容词 alive, living意为“活着的”，“活的” 。alive用来描绘人和动物，不作前置定语。Living 可描绘人、动物、植物、语言等。All living creatures have their right to exist on this planet.The cat is still alive though falling from the 5th floor.asleep, sleepy ,sleep asleep 是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”。sleepy 意为“想睡的”可

9、作表语，定语。sleep 是动词或者名词： Fall/drop asleep入睡;be asleep睡着; lie asleep躺着熟睡; feel sleepy昏昏欲睡; sleep well/badly/late睡得好/不好/晚lonely ,alone lonely 常带有感情色彩，意为“孤独 的 ”指地点表示“荒凉”，可作定语，表语。alone 表示“独自一人”可作形容词，副词。 He lives alone. I always feel lonely in the strange city.两个或两个以上形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词的两个或两个以上形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词的排列顺

10、序可参看下表排列顺序可参看下表 同类形容词：音节少的在前，音节多的在后同类形容词：音节少的在前，音节多的在后 如：如：一间漂亮的小房子一间漂亮的小房子 。一个高大健壮聪明的小男孩一个高大健壮聪明的小男孩A small beautiful houseA tall strong intelligent boy不同类形容词：不同类形容词： “限冠形龄色国材”1.限定词限定词（the,this,that,those,all,both,such,some,any,another)2.数词数词3.性质性质 状态，大小，长短，状态，大小，长短，形状形状4.新旧，老幼（龄），温度新旧，老幼（龄），温度 5.颜

11、色颜色 6.国籍国籍 7材料材料 例如：很多有趣的旧的历史书例如：很多有趣的旧的历史书五栋美丽的旧红砖房五栋美丽的旧红砖房一些古老的大而圆的黑色的日本一些古老的大而圆的黑色的日本 木椅子木椅子Five beautiful old red housesSome big round old black Japanese wooden chairs14Adverbs 副词 定义： 分类： 几个特殊副词的用法定义：副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 分类：1） 简单副词：Just ， only, back Notice: 有些简单副词和形容词同形， a

12、 near relation to come near a fast car to drive fast a kindly smile to speak kindly a daily newspaper a daily published newspaper 2）复合副词：somewhere , therefore163)派生副词: interesting-interestingly easy-easilyNoticeA某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词： friendly，lovely，lonely，orderly, timely B 兼有两种形式的副词 1)closeclosely H

13、e is sitting close to me. vs. Watch him closely. 2)free freely You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 3)hard hardly; late , lately ;most ,mostly ;wide, widely high, highly; deep, deeply; near, nearly注意频度副词的位置 放在be动词后面 放在实义动词前面 放在第一个助动词的后面e.g. Sh

14、e is often late for school.I usually get up at six in the morning.I have never been to HongKong.另外一些副词， 如already, yet, nearly, almost, just, really, suddenly, certainly, still, soon, surely 等也可以放在这个位置： I still need some time to finish it. He has just come here.18几个特殊副词的用法：(1) enough, too (A) enough放

15、在形容词和副词后; too放在前面。 Shes old enough to do some work. Shes too old to do any work. (B) too.to, enough to + 动词 I am too poor to afford such extravagance(奢侈). You are rich enough to keep a maid(女仆).19(2) very, much,(A)very修饰形容词，副词； much (或very much)修饰动词。 He spoke very carefully. It is much talked about

16、these days.(B)Very修饰原级形容词及副词；much修饰比较级，最高级的形容词及副词 Your work is very good. This is much better. This is much (by far) the best.20(3) already, yet, still,(A)Already vs. Yet He cant drive yet. Have you already seen him? (B)Still I still like him. Notice：Still放在动词前后，有时句意不同。 He is still standing. (contin

17、ue to stand) He is standing still. (= standing motionless) 1. This _ girl is Linds cousin. A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty littleD. little pretty Spanish 形容词顺序形容词顺序 2. Mr. Smith owns _ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.A. largerB. a largerC. the

18、 largerD. a large 3. 27. John is very lazy. He falls _ behind in his studies. A. very B. far C. more D. still 副词副词 4. - How is everything going on with you in Europe? -Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, _. A. though B. instead C. either D. too 5. David has won the first prize in singing; he is

19、still very excited now and feels_ desire to go to bed. A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least 6. Is your headache getting_? No, its worse.Abetter BBadCless Dwell 7. Must I turn off the gas after cooking ? Of course . You can never be _ careful with that .Aenough Btoo Cso Dvery 8. There was such l

20、ong queue for coffee at the interval that we _ gave up. A. eventually B. unfortunatelyC. generouslyD. purposefully 9. At times, worrying is a normal, _ response to a difficult event or situation - a loved one being injured in an accident, for example. A. effective B. individual C. inevitable D. unfa

21、vorable 10. My mother always gets a bit _ if we dont arrive when we say we will. Aanxious Bashamed Cweak Dpatient 11.Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen _ this year.Athe bestBBetterCthe most DMore 12.If it is quite _ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday. A. convenient B. fai

22、r C. easy D. comfortable容易混淆的几对副词 Fairly常有令人愉快之意，程度上不及quite.The job is done fairly well. The watch is quite good. rather意为“颇” 常有令人不快之意。The task is rather difficult for me.Rather 可与比较级和too连用，还可放于不定冠词“a”的后面，fairly 则不能。I had rather a hard time when I was in my childhood.He spoke too quickly for me to u

23、nderstand.High/highly;close/closely;deep/deeply 英语中有些词， 不以ly结尾的可作形容词，副词；以ly结尾的只能作副词。前者表达空间或时间上的距离，后者表达思想、感情方面的程度。 I made achievements because I stood high on the shoulders of giants. Speak highly of sb The little girl holds a doll close to her. I follow him closely wherever he goes. He works deep in

24、to the night every day. They are deeply affected.most用于非比较意义用于非比较意义 Most 修饰形容词如果前面没有定冠词，通常作“非常”解， 不表示比较意义：Thats most kind of you.She is most beautiful.It is a most interesting joke.形容词比较级和最高级的构成形容词比较级和最高级的构成 一般单音节词末尾加-er 和 est, 例如：strong-stronger-strongest 单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r 和-st，例如：strange-stranger-s

25、trangest 闭 音 节 单 音 节 词 如 末 尾 只 有 一 个 辅 音 字 母 ， 须 先 双 写 这 个 辅 音 字 母 ， 再 加 - e r 和 - e s t 例如：sad-sadder-saddest， big-bigger-biggest, hot-hotter-hottest, 少数以-y, -er（或-ure）,-ow, -ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er 和 est （以-y结尾的词，如y前是辅音字母，把y变成i, 再加-er 和 est ，以-e结尾的词仍加-r 和 st ) angry-angrier-angriest, clever-clever-cleve

26、rest, narrow-narrower-narrowest, noble-nobler-noblest 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词 more和most。例如：difficult-more difficult-most difficult不规则形容词比较级和最高级的构成不规则形容词比较级和最高级的构成原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样。 1. 一般副词

27、hardharder hardest fastfaster fastest latelater latest earlyearlier earliest 2. 特殊副词 well better best much more most badly worse worst little less least 3. 开放类副词 开放类副词即以后缀-ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er或-est，而应在副词原形前加more或most。如： quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietly 副词比较级和最高级的构成副

28、词比较级和最高级的构成1. 比较级 1）比较级通常由“形容词（副词）比较级+ than” 构成，表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加”。连词than后可接句，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构，有时也可省去than。如： Mary is happier than Jane. 玛丽比珍妮幸福。（形容词和系动词用） He lives more happily than I. 他过得比我幸福。（副词修饰行为词） 2）注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。如： The purpose of the research had a more importan

29、t meaning for them than it did for us. Sound travels faster through water than through air. 3）比较级前还可用much, even, still, a little等词语来修饰，表示“得多”，“甚至”， “更”，“一些”等意思。如： Japan is a little larger than Germany. 日本比德国大一点儿。 用“.times + 形容词的比较级 + than.”句式表示倍数；用“表示数量的词 + 比较级+ than.”来表示具体的比较差别。如： Our room is twice

30、 larger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的大两倍。 He is a head taller than I. 他比我高一头。 4）隐含比较级 有时比较级并不一定出现than，这时通过上下文可暗示出。如： Are you feeling better now? 你现在感觉好些了吗？ 有些形容词在表示比较的时候，用“to”而不用“than”。如： prior to 较早的，较重要的 superior to优越，高于 inferior to 下等的，次的 senior to 年长的，地位高的 junior to年幼的，地位低的 preferable to 更好的 The task i

31、s prior to all others. 这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。 In maths he felt superior to John. 他觉得自己数学比约翰强。 He is two years senior to me. 他比我大两岁。 Health without riches is preferable to riches without health. 贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。 2. 最高级 1）最高级用于三者或三者以上比较，形容词的结构形式是“定冠词形容词最高级名词表示范围的短语或从句”（如of all, of the three, in the world, t

32、hat has ever taken place等）。如： Of all the writers in England, William Shakespeare is the most widely known. 2）副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the。如： He runs fastest of the three. 三个人中他跑得最快。 3）当用介词短语表明形容词或副词最高级的比较范围，作介词宾语的名词或代词与句中的主语属同一类人或物，并把主语包括在内时，用介词of；如不属于同一类人或物，而只说明在某一时间、空间范围内的比较时，用介词in。 如： He is the

33、 tallest of the four boys. （ He 与boys属同类） He is the tallest in our class. （ He与 class不属同类） 4）可以用原级、比较级、最高级三种形式来表示最高级的意思。如： She is the best student in her class. She is better than any other student in her class. No other student in her class is better than she. No other student in her class is as go

34、od as she. 1.He made so many mistakes that the boss was very angry.2. One can hardly believe that in such a rich country there are so many poor people.3. Mr Green went to the office, so did Miss Brown.4. Jim is running as fast as Bruce. They are neck and neck.5. Luckily the weather was not so bad as

35、 today.6. I think classic music is less beautiful than pop music.7. The problem is much more difficult than that.8. He is the more careful of the two engineers.9. Winter is coming and the days are getting colder and colder.10. The USA is one of the most developed countries in the world.11. Its neces

36、sary that we should do exercise to keep fit every day【例1】 Which is_ season in Beijing? I think its autumn. 北京 A.good B.better C.best D.the best 典型例题解析【例2】 It is_today than yesterday.Shall we go swimming this afternoon?北京海淀区 A.the hottest B.hot C.hottest D.hotter DD 【例3】 Jim is running_Bruce.Theyre n

37、eck and neck,黑龙江 A.faster than B.as fast as C.as faster as D.more slowly than 【例4】 Her mother was out.She stayed at home_, but she didnt feel _.甘肃 A.alone,lonely B.lonely alone C.alone,lonely D.lonely,alone 【例5】 Is the physics problem_? Yes,I can work it out _.黄冈 A.easy,easily B.easy,easy C.easily,e

38、asily D.easily,easily BA A .写出下列词的比较级和最高级。 1.badly /bad/ill 2.early 3.difficult 4.thin 5.hard 课时训练 worseworst earlierearliest more difficultmost difficultthinnerthinnest harderhardest根据句意填空。1.Which film is_,this one or that one?(interesting)2.I think English is one of _subjects in middle school(impo

39、rtant).3.Li Lei doesnt study so_ as his sister.(care)4.Ann is a little_ than Joan,but she is much_ .(young，tall)5.The Changjiang River is very _.Its the third_ river in the world. (long) 课时训练 more interestingthe most important carefully younger taller long longest 1.What a _ cough!You seen_ill. A.te

40、rrible,terribly B.terribly,terrible C.terrible,terrible D.terribly,terribly2.The car is running_.It seems to be flying. A.more and faster B.more and fast C.fast and fast D.faster and faster3.I feel even_ now. A.bad B.well C.worse D.worst4.She was very happy.She ran_of all the runners. A.fastest B.th

41、e quickest C.slowest D.quickly5.Keep quiet,please.Its_ noisy here. A.many too B.too many C.much too D.too much 课时训练ADCAC6.Have you_spoken to a foreigner? No,_.A.already,never B.ever,neverC.yet,already D.ever,ever7.He is taller than_ in his class. A.any boy B.any boys C.any other boy D.some other boy

42、s8.Ill go and visit you_next week.A.sometime B.some timesC.some time D.some time9.What was the weather like yesterday? It was very bad.It rained_：people could_go out. A.hard,hard B.hardly hard C.hardly,hardly D.hard.hardly10.English is as_as Chinese.You should learn it well. A.important B.more impor

43、tant C.the most important D.much more important 课时训练(B)(C)(C)(D)(A)11.Music is not so useful as science.Its_useful than science. A.fewer B.less C.more D.a lot12.He looks_. A.good B.well C.happily D.worriedly13.Weve never heard of _story before. A.such a strange B.such strange C.so a strange D.so str

44、ange14.You must wear glasses.They can keep your eyes_ A.soft B.safe C.safely D.safety15.Would you please speak_?I still cant follow you. A.slow B.much slow C.much slowly D.more slowly 课时训练BBABD 1. Directions: In this exercise, there are fifteen sentences. For each of them there are four choices mark

45、ed A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. BDD1）E-mailing is much _ than long-distance calling. A. cheapB. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest 2）This question is _ more difficult than that one. A. rather B. quite C. very D. a little 3）Yang won the women 500 meters in the spor

46、ts meet. She did _ of all. A. good B. well C. better D. best 4）Among all of us he did the experiment _ . A. more carefully B. most carefully C. the most carefully D. more careful BDDA5）Would you please say it _ ? I still cant follow you. A. loudly B. slowly C. more loudly D. more slowly 6）Mum, this

47、T-shirt is much too small for me. Would you buy me a _ one? A. nice B. large C. nicer D. larger 7）Now China has joined the WTO. So I think English is _ useful than before. A. more B. most C. much D. many 8）I dont think Unit 3 is more difficult. I think its _ . A. more easily B. more easier C. much e

48、asily D. much easier 9）The young man drives _ than he did three months ago. A. much carefully B. much more careful C. much careful D. much more carefully 10）Mike is the oldest boy and is taller than _ boys in the class. A. the other B. any C. each D. all DDABDB11）His sister is _ than he. A. younger

49、five years B. five years younger C. five year younger D. five younger years 12）The USA is one of _ countries in the world. A. rich B. richest C. more rich D. the richest 13）He thinks he is superior _ his classmates because his father is an important person. A. than B. to C. of D. with 14）The climate of Japan is milder than _ . A. Canada B. in Canada C. that