广东高考英语阅读理解考点突破--推断作者写作目的、观点态度

1、说明文中作者的态度: objective客观的) neutral （ 中立的）；在议论文中，有：(1)positive (积极的) (2)negative（消极的）(3)neutral (中立的) (4)approval （赞成的）(5) disapproval（不赞成的）(6) indifferent (漠不关心)(7)sarcastic （讽刺的） (8)critical (批评的) (9)optimistic (10)pessimistic客观的消极的漠不关心的(赞成的)不赞成的乐观的悲观的 要求考生推断作者对某人或某事物的看法或态度。要求考生推断作者对某人或某事物的看法或态度。常见的题

2、干有：常见的题干有：(1)The writers attitude toward is_.(2)What is the authors opinion of?(3)According to the author, _. 名师指津名师指津推断作者观点态度推断作者观点态度技巧点拨：技巧点拨：1.根据作者的语言，叙述的事实。根据作者的语言，叙述的事实。2. 引用的例证，人物的对话和动作。引用的例证，人物的对话和动作。3. 心里活动的描述；心里活动的描述；4. 要根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是要根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词5. 所举的例子，

3、推断出作者的弦外之所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音，熟悉作者表达观点态度的词，如音，熟悉作者表达观点态度的词，如subjective (主观的主观的)，objective (客客观的观的)等。等。(1) 2009年陕西卷年陕西卷“Old wives tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For example, most of us remember our parents telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things

4、. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time. Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye dise

5、ase called macular degeneration.考点击破考点击破阅读下列短文或段落阅读下列短文或段落, 从每题所给四个选项中从每题所给四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。选出最佳选项。Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs dont hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives tales. After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated (积累积累) fr

6、om thousands of years of experience in family health care. 54. What is the authors attitude toward “old wives tales” in the text?A. Subjective B. Objective C. Dissatisfied D. Curious(1)B。由第三段的由第三段的 “not all of Moms advice passed the test”，第四段，第四段 “Even though science can tell us that somedont hold w

7、ater, there is still”可知作可知作者对于者对于“老人言老人言”持客观态度。持客观态度。 (2) 2009年浙江卷年浙江卷In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh(法老法老) treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his h

8、ead was cut off. Shades of that spirit spread over todays conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, “Oh boy, bad day for a picnic. T

9、he weatherman says its going to rain.” I wanted to strike him on the race with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his smile.Its not the news that makes someone angry. Its the unsympathetic attitude with which its delivered. 57. In the writers opinion, his neighb

10、or was _.A. friendly B. warm-hearted C. not considerate D. not helpful(2)C。作者跟朋友正兴高采烈地要郊游，邻居却突然告作者跟朋友正兴高采烈地要郊游，邻居却突然告知这个不好的消息，多扫兴呀！特别是邻居还知这个不好的消息，多扫兴呀！特别是邻居还smile，显，显得没有同情心得没有同情心(unsympathetic)，更让作者认为邻居不，更让作者认为邻居不“体谅体谅”他们。他们。 (4) 2009年浙江卷年浙江卷Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at photo 51.

11、It wasnt much -a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showedthe shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Willkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the p

12、icture, was left out. Her name was Rosalind Franklin. “if her photo hadnt been there, the others couldnt have come up with the structure.” one reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of

13、 her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitions. What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return,” As Franklins competitors, Wilkins, W

14、atson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchersWatson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklins was only two steps away from the solution.” No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the struc

15、ture of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer,” 64. What is the writers attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?A.Disapproving. B. Respectful.C. Admiring. D. Doubtful.(4)A。由第一段中的由第一段中的“the one who actually made the picture”，第二段中的，第二段中的“if her photo hadnt been there, the others couldnt have c

16、ome up with the structure.” 第五段第五段的的“No, Franklin was the solution.” 可知，作者是对可知，作者是对Franklin的肯定，也就是不赞成的肯定，也就是不赞成Wilkins, Watson and Crick的做法；由第二段中的的做法；由第二段中的robbed，第三段的，第三段的attacked，第四段的第四段的by cutting her out of，可知作者是对，可知作者是对Wilkins, Watson and Crick的鄙视。的鄙视。(5) 2009全国全国I卷卷旅行日记旅行日记 Monday, October 6 R

17、ained last night, cloudy in the morning, 69F We spent about two hours in Nancy, then sailed on the Canal de la Marne au Rhine. Kind of a lazy day, eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner. After dinner we watched a tape on Baccarat, where we will visit tomorrow. It was pleasant to sit out on deck (甲板甲板)

18、and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph. Wednesday, October 8 Cloudy, 65FToday we sailed from Schneckenbush to Saverne. We went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey. This river scenery is very different. We were in a mountain valley with grassland on one side and a forest b

19、eginning to show some color on the other.79. What does the author think of the tour?A. Tiring. B. Expensive. C. Enjoyable. D. Quick.(5)C。由日记中的由日记中的pleasant, unusual, different等可推知，等可推知，作者认为这次旅游是作者认为这次旅游是“愉快的愉快的”。 Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists（心理学家）suggest th

20、at it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, peoples lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival（生存）. Nowadays, according to many people, life offer

21、s little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. （5分钟）The writer of the text has

22、 a _ attitude towards dangerous sports.A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. nervous At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond

23、what has been possible in the past. “ There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years,” he said. Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years” (08湖南） Donald Lourias attitude towards long living is that _ A. people can live from

24、120 to 180 B. it is still doubtful how long humans can live C. the human body is designed to last past about 120 years D. it is possible for humans to live longer in the future. -all art begs the age-old question: What is real ? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in

25、one form or another. The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for ar

26、tists of all periods. What is the authors opinion of artistic reality? A. It will not be found in future works of art B. It does not have a long-lasting standard C. It is expressed in a fixed artistic from D. It is lacking in modern works of art Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disa

27、gree with the view. Surely out earliest fond fathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals. I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in ove

28、rpowering dangerous animals- I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger-shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so-called hunters fired from ta

29、ll trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits. (北京) What is the authors view on the tiger-shoots he has seen? A. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face to face B. Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons C. Modern hunters l

30、ike to hunt rabbits instead of tigers D. Modern hunters should put their safety first The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families. But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popularly held image of unhappy teenagers lo

31、cked in their room after endless family quarrels. An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past. “Theyre expected to be rebellious and selfish but actually they -” - “My parents are happy to discuss things

32、 with me and willing to listen to me,” says 17-year-old Daniel Lazall.- Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenagers rebellion is not rooted in real facts-. (北京) According to the author, teenage rebellion_. A. may be a false belief B. is

33、 common nowadays C. existed only in the 1960s D. resulted from changes in families Life on the ship is anything but cruising. Estrella and his fellows work at least 10 hours a day, seven days a week. He warns the job is not for everybody. “You have to love being busy and be prepared to work every da

34、yand to give up drinking too much alcohol.” in his spare time, if the ship sails into a port, Estrella explores it, otherwise he works out in the crews gym, goes on the internet or calls home. (四川) In the last paragraph, the writer thinks that life on the ship is _. A. not a tiring journey at all B.

35、 just an interesting voyage C. far from a voyage for pleasure D. more than a pleasant travel by sea实战练习：实战练习：“You can go,” said the lieutenant, “ but I dont think it will be worth it. Your friend is probably dead and you may throw your own life away.” The lieutenants words didnt matter, and the sold

36、ier went away.Question: Whats the lieutenants attitude towards the soldiers saving his friend? A. Negative B. Positive C. Neutral D. Supportive 1. Question forms:(1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的A. The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.B. What is the purpose of writing this article?C. In writing the pas

37、sage, the author intends to _.(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图A. The writer uses the example ofto show that _.B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.C. are mentioned in the first paragraph to _. 运用主旨判断法，作者运用某种写作手法的目的或是要引出主题，或是要吸引读者的关注主题，或是要把主题说得更清楚，或是要更加突出主题等。2. 常见的写作目的归纳常见的写作目的归纳不

38、同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）(2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）(3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）常见于常见于故事类故事类的文章。的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience常见于常见于广告类广告类的文章。的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audien

39、ce多见于多见于科普类科普类新闻报道类新闻报道类文化类或文化类或社会类社会类的文章的文章.3. 技巧点拨技巧点拨 (1) 根据根据文体类别文体类别推断写作目的推断写作目的(2) 从从写作手法写作手法来推断写作目的来推断写作目的阅读下列短文或选段阅读下列短文或选段, 从每题所给的四个选项中从每题所给的四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。选出最佳选项。(1) 2009年陕西卷年陕西卷Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their

40、practices in different cultures. They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions-mistaken ideas. One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that ones own cultures way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures. Its ethnocentrism that

41、leads to failure in international business. To avoid ethnocentrism, its necessary to study the different elements(组成部分组成部分) of culture: language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners. 考点击破考点击破 A knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways. Values are

42、peoples basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong, good and bad. An attitude is a way of thinking or acting. Values and attitudes influence international business. Customs are common social practices. Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite. 64. The authors p

43、urpose of writing this article is to tell people _.A.how to take a right attitude in businessB. how to avoid misunderstandings in businessC. how to use a local language in businessD. how to act politely and properly in business(1)B。主旨推断法。由第二段最后一句主旨推断法。由第二段最后一句To avoid ethnocentrism, its necessary to

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48、 Whats the authors purpose of writing this text?A. To suggest ways to prepare for college learning.B. To help readers find the right college.C. To make Johnson Review popular. D. To introduce college life.(2)C。文体推断法。由最后一段的第一句文体推断法。由最后一段的第一句For more information可知是广告，其目的是推广可知是广告，其目的是推广JohnsonReview. c

49、om.这个网站。这个网站。 “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. (0

50、5广东) （1.5分钟）The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a youn

51、g woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the mans big family-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her

52、 parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it.

53、The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home. （3分钟） The writer wrote the story in order to_. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reu

54、nited a husband and wife How should one invest a sum of money in these days of inflation(通货膨胀)? Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. Only a brave man, or a very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the Stock Market. Today it seems that one of the best ways to p

55、rotect young savings, and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques. Antique clocks could be very expensive, but one the joys of collec

56、ting clocks is that it is still possible to find quite cheap ones for your own home. After all, if you are going to be ruled by time, why not invest in an antique clock and perhaps make a future profit?(07 广东) The purpose of the passage is _. A. to introduce the culture of antique clocks B. to offer

57、 some advice on collecting antique clocks C. to compare different ways to make a future profit D. to explain convenient and reliable ways of telling time Camp memories last forever! We make sure they are unforgettable! Shadow Ridge Summer Camps offer so many exciting things for campers to do. We are

58、 100% horse from stable(马厩) management, nature walks, and track rides to bedroom furnishings. Horses help us achieve many of our aims, girls can learn to develop responsibility, self-confidence and personal connections in their lives while having fun-. Imagine each girl having her very own horse to

59、spend time with and a best friend to love and take care of. Each camper is responsible for a horse for the week. Our riding program provides a lot of riding and lesson time. At Shadow Ridge we try to create a loving, caring family atmosphere for our campers. Our camps are offered during June, July a

60、nd August 2007, for small groups of girls aged 13-16 years not only from Canada but also other parts of the world. We will send you full program descriptions at your request. (重庆) What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To attract people to the camps B. To talk about camping experiences C. To de