英语人教版必修一Unit 5 语言点

1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero语言点 目标认知重点词汇quality, offer, mean, devote, attack, equal, vote, escape, reward,重点短语out of work, stop.from doing., set up, in trouble, turn to重点句型1. The first/ next/ last. to do. 第做2. 地点或时间名词作主语的句型3. point, stage, situation, case, scene等词作先行词引导定语从句4. way 做先行词引导从句5. o

2、nly引导的部分倒装句知识讲解重点词汇quality【原句回放】And what qualities does a great person have? 伟人有什么品质？【点拨】quality n. 质量（不可数）；品质；性质，特征（可数名词）be of good/bad quality 有好/坏的品质be of high/poor quality 优/劣质quality education 素质教育extra fine quality 特等质量first-rate quality 一等品质He has a watch of good quality. 他有块质量好的手表。One qualit

3、y of wood is that it can burn. 木材的一个特性是可以燃烧。【拓展】quantity n. 数量qualify v. 使具有资格quality goods 精品Its cheaper to buy goods in large quantities. 购物的量大就便宜一些。offer【原句回放】He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. 他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。【点拨】offer vt. vi. 主动提供；主动提出；出价；表示愿意 offer sb. sth./ offer

4、 sth. to sb. 给提供 The company offered him a very good job, but he turned it down. The company offered a job to him, but he turned it down.这家公司给他提供了一份很好的工作，但是他拒绝了。offer n. 提议, 提供；供应; 报价offer of help/ support/ friendship etc 提供帮助/支持/友谊等Thank you for your offer of help. 谢谢你提供帮助。accept/take up an offer 接

5、受出价/帮助She accepted their offer of rent-free accommodation. 她接受了他们主动提供的免费住处。turn down/refuse/decline an offer 拒绝（帮助、出价等）I cant turn down the offer of a free trip to Milan! 我不能拒绝去米兰的免费旅游。They made an offer which I couldnt refuse. 他们提供了一个我不能拒绝的（帮助、出价等）。Baked beans are on offer this week at the local su

6、permarket. 甜豆这周将在当地超市售卖。offer to do sth. 答应做Our schools offer to help the kids who suffered from Brittle Bone was a moving act.我们学校答应帮助那些患骨质疏松症的孩子们，这是令人感动的举动。 mean 【原句回放】【点拨】mean adj. 吝啬的，自私的；卑鄙的 be mean with sth. 在某方面吝啬He is very mean with his money. 他在金钱方面很吝啬。That is a mean trick. 那是卑鄙手段。 v. 意欲，打算

7、；意味着 mean to do sth 打算做某事I mean to go tomorrow. 我打算明天走。mean doing sth 意味着做某事Being a student means studying hard. 作为一个学生，(意味着)你要努力学习。be meant for 注定要成为I was never meant for the army. 我根本就不是当兵的材料。devote 【原句回放】A great person is someone who devotes his/ her life to helping others. 伟人就是全身心地帮助他人的人。【点拨】vt.

8、 (与 to 连用) 献身；专心于devote oneself /sth to sb./sth（to 为介词) 为sb./sth付出（时间/精力等），奉献，献身于He devoted himself to education. 他献身于教育。She has devoted all her time to looking after her children. 她把全部时间都用于照看孩子。sb. be devoted to 专心致志于；忠于；很喜欢I dont think we should devote any more time to this question. 我认为我们不应该在这个问题

9、上再花费时间。devoted adj. ( to sb./ sth) 热爱的，非常忠诚的，全心全意的 a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友 She is devoted to her children. 她深爱她的孩子。Obama is completely devoted to his family. 奥巴马十分热爱自己的家庭。【拓展】devotion n. 奉献，挚爱attack 【原句回放】We chose to attack the law. 我们选择与法律对抗。【点拨】attack vt. 进攻，攻击，抨击；（疾病）侵袭；侵害n. 攻击，进攻；病情发作（可数名词）The

10、disease attacked his central nervous system. 疾病破坏了他的中枢神经系统。make an attack on/ against.= attack. 攻击under attack 遭到攻击air attack 空袭a heart attack 心脏病突发The patrol came under attack from all sides. 巡逻队遭到来自四面八方的攻击。One of my friends had a heart attack from too much stress. 我的一个朋友因为压力太大患了心脏病。equal【原句回放】But

11、I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 但是我很乐于帮忙，因为我知道这有助于达到我们的梦想使黑人和白人平等。【点拨】 equal adj. (大小、数量、价值、程度、状况等)相同/等的，同样的They are of equal height. 他们一样高。Are men equal to women in physical strength？在体力上男人和女人相同吗？equal to (doing) sth. 有能力

12、的，能胜任的A equals B in. A在方面比得上Bbe equal ton./doing sth. 等于；与相等；有的能力；(勇气、力量等)；胜任He doesnt seem equal to meeting our demands. 他似乎不太合乎我们的要求。on equal terms (with sb.) 平等相处，地位相等equal n. 和相当的人/事物 He is my equal in strength. 他和我力气一样大。 She is the equal of her brother as far as intelligence is concerned.论智力，她和

13、她哥哥不相上下。equal vt. equal sb./ sth. (in sth.) (在某方面)与相同/等He is equaled by no one in kindness. 没有人比他更善良。【拓展】equality n. 平等 They are fighting for the equality of women. 她们在为争取男女平等而奋斗。 vote 【原句回放】Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. 黑人不能选举或者选择他们的领导人。【点拨】 vote vt. vi. 投票，选举；n投票；选票；表决He was

14、 voted the most promising new director. 他当选为最有前途的新导演。The plan was passed by 6 votes to 3. 这项计划以6票对3票获得通过。vote on.投票表决vote.down投票击败，投票否决vote through投票通过vote for表示“投票赞同”，vote against表示“投票反对”；类似结构还有“be for/against; fight for/against”。Did you vote for or against her？ 你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？escape【原句回放】It was a p

15、rison from which no one escaped.那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。【点拨】escape vi. 逃跑，逃脱；逃避（常与from连用）escape from sth./sb. 从中逃脱/走；泄露A lion has escaped from its cage. 有一头狮子从笼中逃走了。She longed to escape from her mothers domination. 她渴望摆脱母亲的操纵。Make a hole to let the water escape. 弄个洞让水排出。escape vt. 避开，避免escape (doing) sth. 逃

16、避（做）某事escape punishment/being punished 避免惩罚/受罚He narrowly escaped being killed. 他险些丧命。sth. escape sb. 被忘记，未被注意His name escapes me for the moment.我一时想不起他的名字来。How can we escape observation / being observed？我们怎样才不会被人发现？escape n. 逃走，逃脱；逃脱的手段a narrow/near escape死里逃生ire escape太平梯，安全梯；安全出口reward【原句回放】.were

17、 my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the blacks. 是我为争取黑人的权利而工作了一生的酬劳。【点拨】reward n. ( c, u) 报酬，奖励He got a reward for helping them. 他因帮助他们而得到了报酬。He received a medal in reward for his bravery. 他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。a cash reward 现金回报in reward for = in return for 作为对的回报I dont expect anythi

18、ng in reward；I did it because I enjoyed it.我不指望得到什么报答，我做这件事只是因为我喜欢干。reward vt. 奖励/赏 reward sb. with sth, 用奖励reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因为奖励She rewarded him with a smile. 她向他报之一笑。His persistence was rewarded when the car finally started. 他那些力气没有白费，汽车终于启动了。Anyone providing information which leads to

19、the recovery of the painting will be rewarded.凡提供线索有助于寻回该画者可获报酬。【拓展】rewarding adj. 值得做的，有益的 a rewarding experience/job 有益的经历/工作重点短语out of work 【原句回放】., and I worried about whether I would become out of work. 我担忧我是否会失业。【点拨】out of work = out of a job 失业Hes been out of work for six months. 他已经失业六个月了。Hu

20、ndreds were thrown out of work. 数以百计的人失去了工作。【拓展】相关短语有： out of breath 上气不接下气 out of balance 失去平衡 out of reach 够不着 out of date/fashion 过时 out of control 失去控制 out of sight 看不见 out of danger 脱离危险 out of order 出故障 out of business 破产；歇业 out of repair 失修 out of date 过时out of question 毫无疑问out of the questio

21、n 不可能的out of patience 失去耐心out of temper 发脾气out of mind 心不在焉Out of sight, out of mind. 谚 眼不见，心不念。(离久情疏。)It is out of question that he will be admitted into key universities. 他能考上重点大学是不成问题的。stop.from doing.【原句回放】He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.他说他们不应该被剥夺为学位而学习的权利。【点拨

22、】stop.from doing. 阻止做The heavy snow stopped him from coming to our party. 大雪使他未能前来参加我们的宴会。类似的表达还有：keep/prevent/discourage sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止做某事He prevented the villagers from cutting trees. 他阻止村民砍树。Nothing can keep me from doing that. 没有什么能够阻止我做那件事。set up【原句回放】 .set up law office to help po

23、or black people in Johannesburg. 建立法律事务所以帮助约翰内斯堡的贫穷的黑人。【点拨】set up 建立，设立（机构、组织等）；摆放，竖起Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here. 很多外国公司已在这里开办工厂。 【拓展】put up意为“修起，搭起；举起”，但不能表示组织机构的建立。相关短语如下：set about (doing ) sth. 开始某工作，着手做某事set aside 把放一边；节省/保留（钱/时间）；不理会/不顾set down 让下车；写下，记下set off 动身，启程；使爆炸s

24、et out 动身，出发；安排/摆放；陈述/宣布set out to do sth 开始做某事in trouble【原句回放】Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble. 当伊莱亚斯处于困境中时，他去拜访了曼德拉。【点拨】trouble n 麻烦；困境in trouble 在危险，受罚，痛苦，忧虑等的处境中 You are not the only one in trouble. 你不是唯一不幸的人。【拓展】相关短语有：make trouble 制造麻烦 get into trouble 惹上麻烦 ask for troubl

25、e 自找麻烦take the trouble to do sth.不怕费事/困难尽力做某事have trouble (in) doing sth./ with sth. 在方面有困难in danger 在危险中 in peace 和平 in control 被控制in silence 沉默 in place 在适当的位置 in vain 徒劳地in case 以防，万一 in time 及时，迟早 in turn 依次，逐个地in return 作为的回报/付款in surprise 吃惊地 in detail 详细地 in charge 处于控制/支配的地位turn to【原句回放】Why

26、did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal? 为什么纳尔逊曼德拉改用暴力以求得黑人和白人的平等？【点拨】turn to 转向；求助于，to 是介词。He turned to me for help. 他向我求助。She has nobody she can turn to. 她求助无门。Nobody seems to understand. I dont know who to turn to.似乎没人懂这个，我不知道该向谁求助。Paul turned to drinking alcohol

27、to try to forget his problems at work.保罗借酒消愁，想忘掉工作中的问题。【拓展】turn相关短语有：turn around/round 转身 turn down 调低；拒绝 turn off 关掉 turn up 调大；出现，露面； turn out 结果是，证明是；培养，生产；熄灭turn sth. inside out 把里面翻作外面The job turned out (to be) harder than we thought. 这份工作结果比我们想象的更难。Why did she turn down your invitation? 她为什么拒绝

28、你的邀请？重点句型The first/ next/ last. to do. 第 做【原句回放】He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969. 他是在1969年7月登上月球的第一人。【点拨】句中to land是动词不定式作后置定语，修饰man。当被修饰的名词或代词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, last等时，经常用不定式作后置定语。Believe it or not, I was the last to arrive at school this morning.信不信由你，今天早上我是最后一个到学校的。What is the

29、 next thing to do according to the plan? 根据计划，下一步该做什么？【拓展】相似句型比较：Its the first time that. 这是某人第一次做，从句只能用完成时，根据 it后面的is或者是was来选择现在完成时或者是过去完成时。Its the first time I have visited your hometown. 这是我第一次游览你的家乡。地点或时间名词作主语的句型【原句回放】The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our right

30、s and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去的30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。【点拨】 结构分析：主句The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，其中stopping our部分作定语，修饰前面的laws；时间状语从句until today we

31、 have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all，其中where引导定语从句修饰前面的stage。动词see, find, witness等由地点或时间名词作主语，以增添语言色彩，表示“经历，发生”。This old house has seen better days. 这座老房子曾有过风光的日子。The water finds its own level. 水往低处流。 My hometown witnessed great changes. 我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。point, stage, situation, c

32、ase, scene等词作先行词引导定语从句【原句回放】 until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。【点拨】当point, stage, situation, case, scene等词作先行词引导定语从句时，表示抽象地点，若在定语从句中作状语，应由where引导定语从句。Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?你能想出一个能使用这个单词的场合吗？Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her. 她的病发展到了一个没人能治好的程度了。way 做先行词引导从句【原句回放】We chose to attac