语言学Grammaticalconstructionanditsconstituents

1、Grammatical construction and its constituents Grammatical construction immediate constituents endocentric and exocentric constructions coordination and subordination Grammatical constructionexternalinternala description of the constructions “make-up” with the term such as “subject,predicate, object,

2、determiner,noun”properties of the construction as a whole such as clausal type,phrasal typesyntaxsyntax Mary ate an applesubjectverbobjectexternal syntaxinternal syntax clausal typeimmediate constituents(IC) a term used in structural sentence analysis for every unit. It is a part of a larger linguis

3、tic unitA(sentence)Bthe boyCate the appledaughtersmother Word-levelN=noun A=adjectiveV=verbP=prepositionDet=determinerAdv=adverbConj=conjunction PhraseNP=noun phraseAP= adjective phraseVP= verb phrasePP= preposition phraseS=sentence or clauseTree diagramendocentric and exocentric constructions one w

4、hose distribution functionally equivalent to that of one more of its constituents r e f e r s t o a g r o u p o f syntactically related words where none of the words is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole.endocentric noun phrase verb phrase adjective phrase big house - Noun phrase (NP) s

5、ing songs - Verb phrase (VP) very long - Adjective phrase (AP)exocentric basic sentence prepositional phrase predicate construction connective constructionE.gThe boy smile.He kicked the ball.coordination a common syntactic pattern in English and other languages formed by grouping together two or mor

6、e categories of the same type with the help of a conjunction such as and, but and or . Each of the separate constituent can stand for the original construction functionally. E.gThe lady or the tigerGo to library and read a bookDown the stairs and out the doorSubordination refer to the process or result of linking linguistic units so that they have different syntactic status, one being dependent upon the other ,and usually a constituent of the other. Subordinate constituent which can be ca