SAT阅读修辞手法加修辞题-绝对需要

1、教师版 在美国本科考试的SAT阅读中有很多修辞手法的运用，类似中国语文学科中的修辞，只有掌握这些常用的修辞手法，才能够完全理解作者想要表达的意思。今天我们一起来通过大量的实例来学习SAT阅读中的修辞手法。 修辞手法中英文对照 simile 明喻metaphor 隐喻, 暗喻personification 拟人analogy 类比metonymy 转喻sarcasm 讽刺onomatopoeia 拟声alliteration 头韵transferred Epithet 转类形容词apostrophe 顿呼anti-climax or bathos 突降climax 渐进epi

2、gram 警句antithesis 对照oxymoron 矛盾修饰paradox 似非而是的隽语innuendo 暗讽irony 反语zeugma 轭式搭配syllepsis 一语双叙pun 双关语 英语修辞手法运用举例一、明喻(simile是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。2、He looked as if he had

3、 just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 二、隐喻(metaphor这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。1、

4、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets.德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 三、提喻(synecdoche又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。例如：1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but o

5、f the flesh and blood of millions of men.长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”(巨大的牺牲2、“.saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,.”他说这是世界上最美的语言。这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。4、Many eyes turned to a tall,20year black girl on the U.S. team.很多人将眼

6、光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。这里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”。 四、拟人(personification这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。1、She may have tens of thousand of babies in one summer.(From“ Watching Ants”一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。2、My only worry was that January would find me hun

7、ting for a job again.我唯一担心的是，到了一月份我又得去找工作。英语里常把“年”“月”“日”人格化，赋以生命，使人们读起来亲切生动。 五、夸张(hyperbole这是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。1、My blood froze.我的血液都凝固了。2、When I told our father about this,his heart burst.当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时，他的心几乎要迸出来。3、My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughtersvoice o

8、n the phone.从电话里一听到我女儿的声音，我的心几乎停止跳动。六、叠言(rhetorical repetition这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。1、It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious manmade destiny.它必须用我们这些对于未来，对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。2、. Beca

9、use good technique in medicine and surgery means more quicklycured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人，更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死亡，更少疾病，和更少残废。 七、借代(metonymy是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。1、Several years later, word came that Napol

10、eonyh himself was coming to inspect them.几年以后，他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。“word”在这里代替了“news, information”(消息、信息2、Al spoke with his eyes,“yes”.艾尔用眼睛说，“是的”。“说”应该是嘴的功能，这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”。 八、双关语(pun是以一个词或词组，用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared.

11、“Both，sir!”cried the Swede proudly.“Both”一词一语双关，既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役。 九、拟声(onomatcpocia是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing.在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be rea

12、ched or feltsunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one.她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西，如阳光呀，丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀，昆虫的叫声呀，开门的吱嗄声呀，亲人的说话声呀。 十、讽刺(irony是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效 果。Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large n

13、otes.啊，当然，我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客：像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢?名为“gentlemen”实则“beg gar”而已。 十一、通感(synesthesia是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另一个感官的心理感受。Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested.有些书是应当尝尝滋味的，有些书是应当吞下去的，有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。书是“尝”不出味道的，也是不能“吃”下去将其“消化”掉的。这里把读书中的

14、精读和泛读，阅读欣赏与吸收知识的感受，用味觉功能和消化功能来表示，心理感受是如此逼真和奇特。 十二、头韵法(alliteration在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感.How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness. 在SAT学习中如果掌握了以上这十二种修辞手法，你就可以轻松通过SAT阅读这个部分了，但是任何好成绩的取得都离不开大量的练习，所以在掌握了方法以后，最重要的还是定时定量

15、地做阅读练习，所谓熟才能生巧。从2005年3月SAT考试改革以来，以前从未出现过的修辞手段题型（RHETORICAL DEVICE）悄然出现在了阅读理解部分。由于这种题型比较新而且相对其他题型来说其所占比重并不是那么高，很多考生没有给予足够的重视，因而在考试中造成了无故失分现象。我们知道，在SAT考试中，决定每一百分的仅仅是六七道题。因此每一道题在“分分必争”的阅读理解题中都显得是那么的重要。下面，笔者就结合自己的教研经验谈谈SAT阅读理解中的修辞手段题。 英语中的修辞手段很多，但是大体与中文一致。在SAT考试中出现的典型的考题主要有下列几道：例一：Paragraph 4 (line

16、 29-37:Yawning can also be a Sign of stress in humans. Once, when observing airborne troops about to take their first parachute jump, I noticed that several of the soldiers were sitting in the plane and yawning. It was 10 A.M., just after a research is a time-consuming coffee break, and I doubted th

17、at they were tired; I knew for a fact that they were far too nervous to be bored. When I asked about this, the officer in charge laughed and said it primarily was really quite a common behavior, especially on the first jump.15. The author uses which of the following in the fourth paragraph (lines 29

18、-37 ?(A Understatement(B Personification(C Analogy(D Metaphor(E Anecdote 讲解：这道题很简单，作者通过叙述自己的一件亲身经历的事情来证明段落开头的分论点即“Yawning can also be a Sign of stress in humans”所以作者在这里所运用的就是E项 ANECDOTE（轶事）。 例二：Passage 1 (line 3-9For millennia, parents have recognized the newborn s basic need for safety, n

19、ourishment, warmth, and nurturing. Now science has added stunning revelations about human development from birth to age three., confining that parents and other adult caregivers play a critical role in influencing a childs development.9. Lines 3-9 of Passage 1 ("For millennia . development"

20、; draw a parallel between(A traditional practices and contemporary critiques(B basic human needs and intellectual endeavors(C widespread beliefs and scientific findings(D parental anxieties and developmental advances(E experimental hypotheses and proven theories 讲解：这道题是对平行结构（PARALLEL）这种修辞手段的考查。

21、出题人要求考生识别出作者在文中对上千年来人们的信仰和科学新发现的对比。因此，此题的答案为C项。 例三：Passage 2 (line 46-56Doctors, architects, executives, consultants, receptionists, and lawyers all manage to survive economically without "owning" their cognition. I take further comfort in the fact that the human species managed to pr

22、oduce pretty decent creative work during the 5,000 years that preceded 1710, when the Statute of Anne, the worlds first modem copyright law, passed the British parliament. Sophocles, Dante, da Vinci, Botticelli, Michelangelo, Shakespeare, Newton, Cervantes, Bach- all found reasons to get out of bed

23、in the morning without expecting to own the works they created.15. The use of the phrase "pretty decent" in Passage 2 (line 50 conveys(A solemn detachment(B cheerful celebration(C ironic understatement(D lingering doubt(E reluctant approval 讲解：此题难度较大，是使很多考生很困惑的一道修辞手段题。原文作者想要告诉读者：在世界上第

24、一部知识产权法到来之前的几千年历史长河中，人类也创造了“还不错的”艺术作品。很显然，文章结尾的那些伟大艺术家的名字使我们立刻了解到作者所谓的“还不错的”艺术作品并不是他字面的意思。他实际上是运用了一种轻描淡写的方式使自己的语言更具说服力。而这种轻描淡写的方式就是C项中的IRONIC UNDERSTATEMENT. 例四：line 75-82Uncle: Take care! take care! (warning her with voice and hand that trembled alike.Niece: Why? What shadow of power have you

25、over me? Why should I fear you?Uncle: Take care, madam!Niece: Scrupulous care I will take, Mr. Sympson. Before I marry, I am resolved to esteem-to admireto love.14. In lines 80-82 ("Scrupulous.love", Miss Keeldar deflects the warning from Mr. Sympson by(A deliberately misunderstanding his

26、meaning(B scornfully turning the blame back on him(C childishly mocking the tone of his comment(D lamenting his failure to sympathize with her(E justifying her previously sensible behavior 讲解：这是一道很是隐晦的修辞手段题。全文就是一个女孩和自己的监护人争吵得过程。他们的矛盾焦点就是这个女孩子是否要嫁给一个自己不喜欢的男孩子的问题。到了第80行左右，两个人的争论已经到了白热化。监护人警告女孩：“你

27、给我小心点儿！”但是女孩儿却十分聪明的把CARE这个词理解成“照顾”。所以她说“我会小心谨慎的照顾自己的！”很显然，女孩儿时故意错误的理解监护人的意思使其更加生气。CARE这个词的运用其实就是我们修辞手段中的双关语。因此答案是A项。 通过上述的几道真题的讲解我想大家对SAT阅读中的新增题型-修辞手段题有了更近一步的了解。其实，只要我们在考试之前对各种修辞手段有所了解就不会在考试的时候出现无故失分现象。下面我就把几种重要的修辞手段进行总结，希望能够对备考的SAT考生有所帮助。Understatement：低调的陈述 定义：A figure of speech which co

28、ntains an understatement of emphasis, and therefore the opposite of hyperbole. Often used in everyday speech and usually with laconic or ironic intentions.这种修辞格是故意使用有节制的措辞来陈述事实，故意轻描淡写，借低调与弱化语言形式来表示强调。 例子：1.I know he is honest, and I wish I could add he were capable.我知道他是诚实的，我还希望我能说他是能干的。此句也是用虚拟

29、语气来体现understatement，I could add he were capable其实是在说“但他不够能干”。     2.The face wasnt a bad one; it had what they called charm.面孔不算难看，有一般人所称的妩媚。此句不是冲淡她的魅力，而是采用低调渲染，意即The face was sweet; her charm conquered everybody. 明似贬抑，实则褒扬. simile:明喻 定义：A figure of speech in which two

30、essentially unlike things are compared.明喻是一种修辞手法，把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较.例子：1.He is something of a political chameleon.他有点象政治上的变色龙2.He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 sarcasm:讽刺 定义：It attacks in a taunt

31、ing and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage ,ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked例子：1.Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies ,but let wasps break through法律就像是蜘蛛网，只能抓住小飞虫，轻易让大黄蜂一冲即破。2.Behind every successful man, there is a woman. And behind every ， unsuccessful

32、man , there are two. 每个成功男人的背后,都有一个女人. 每个不成功男人的背后, 都有两个. rhetorical question:反问句 定义：a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered a question to which no answer is required: used it for dramatic or emphasis effect设立一个不需要回答的问题，以起到戏剧或者强调的效果例子：1.Did you h

33、elp me when I needed help?      在我需要的时候，你帮助过我吗？2.Did you once offer to intercede in my behalf?你曾经理解支持过我吗？ Pun:双关语 定义：The use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different associations, or the use of two or more words of the same or nearly

34、the same sound with different meanings, so as to produce a humorous effect.用一个词去暗示两种或两种以上的意义或引起不同的联想，或者用两个或两个以上发音相同或相近而意义不同的词，以产生一种幽默效果。例子：1.Mother:  Your hair needs cutting badly.        Daughter: I think it needs cutting nicely, it was cut badly last time .      （badly: a. 非常； b