Unit 2Transportation

1、Unit 2 Transportation Types of Transportation Modes The Selection of Transportation Modes 【Lead-in】 Transportation is an important component in logistics system. This unit first discusses the five basic types of transportation modes, including road transport, rail transport, water transport, air tra

2、nsport and pipeline transport. And then it mainly expounds the main factors of selecting the transportation modes, such as safety, cost, distance, etc. 【Learning Objectives】 1. To know the different types of transportation modes. 2. To understand the rank of transportation modes. 3. To know the fact

3、ors of selecting transportation modes. Listening & Speaking . Listen to the sentences and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard. 1. The transport company has more than 500 dedicated and its business spreads all over South China. 2. Customers can track all the transport conditions on lin

4、e and the safety of the goods at any time.employeesensure 3. Transport by sea is the most mode of transportation in the world today. 4. Road transport systems have high maintenance costs, both for the and infrastructures. 5. Usually, it is to have the goods sent by sea than by railway. importantvehi

5、clescheaper 1. A: Could you tell me how many . transport can be divided? B: I think it can be divided into five. A: What are they? B: They are road transport, rail transport, water transport, air transport and transport. A: What is river transport? B: It water transport. . Listen to the dialogues an

6、d fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard.categoriespipelinebelongs to2. A: Hi, shall we about the transportation of the goods today? B: Sure. What is your for the transportation modes? A: How about highway transport? B: It sounds , but I think it is cheaper to ship the goods since time is no

7、t a critical factor.have a talkpreferenceacceptable Generally speaking, containerization o . from the United States and well organized in 1960s, developed in Japan in 1970s, b its development in South Korea in 1980s, and later boomed in China in 1990s. This system of transportation i moving of commo

8、dities in unit l as opposed to the conventional individual packaging or break bulk cargo. Most c . are constructed of steel because this metal is d and strong. But other materials have also been utilized, including aluminum, plywood, plastics and laminated wood. Listen to the passage and fill in the

9、 blanks with what you exactly heard, the first letters have been given.riginatedoomedmpliesoadsontainersurableReadingText 1 Types of Transportation Modes【Key Terms】transportation mode 运输方式运输方式 road transport 公路运输公路运输rail transport 铁路运输铁路运输water transport 水路运输水路运输air transport 航空运输航空运输 pipeline trans

10、port 管道运输管道运输maritime transport 海洋运输海洋运输river transport 内河运输内河运输【New Words and Phrases】essential /i/isensenl/l/ adj.adj. 必不可少的，基本的必不可少的，基本的constitute / /k knstitju:t/nstitju:t/ vt.vt. 组成组成, 构成（某整体）构成（某整体）feature / /fi:tfi:t/ / n.n. 特征特征freight /freit/freit/ n.n. 货物，货运货物，货运inland / /inlinlnd/nd/ adj.

11、adj. 内地的，内陆的内地的，内陆的capable /keipkeipbl/bl/ adj.adj. 有能力的，有技能的有能力的，有技能的be capable of sth 可以，容许；能胜任可以，容许；能胜任vehicle / /vi:ikvi:ikl/l/ n.n. 交通工具，车辆交通工具，车辆flexible / /fleksfleksbl/bl/ adj. 灵活的；柔韧的灵活的；柔韧的infrastructure / /infrinfrstrstrktkt/ n.n. 基础设施基础设施investment /in/investmvestmntnt/ n.n. 投资投资maintena

12、nce /meintinmeintinnsns/ n.n. 维修；保养维修；保养significant /sigsignifiknifiknt/ nt/ adj.adj. 相当数量的；意义重大的相当数量的；意义重大的fuel /fju/fjul/ l/ n.n. 燃料燃料congestion /k/kn nd destestn n/ n.n. 拥挤拥挤traffic congestion 交通拥塞交通拥塞emerge /i/im m:d:d/ vi.vi. 出现，发生出现，发生quantity /kwkwntnttiti/ n.n. 量，数量量，数量volume /v vlju:mlju:m/

13、 n.n. 体积，容量；数量体积，容量；数量timber /timbtimb/ / n. n. 木材，原木木材，原木grain /greingrein/ n.n. 谷物，谷粒谷物，谷粒containerization /k kn nteinteinrairaizeizein n/ n.n. 集装箱化集装箱化flexibility /fleksfleksbilitibiliti/ n.n. 灵活性；柔韧性灵活性；柔韧性maritime /mritaimmritaim/ adj.adj. 海的，海事的海的，海事的capacity /k kpsitipsiti/ n.n. 容量，能力容量，能力con

14、tinuity /k kntintinju:itinju:iti/ n.n. 连续性，持续性连续性，持续性compose /k km mp puzuz/ vt.vt. 组成，构成组成，构成coast /k kust/ust/ n.n. 海岸，海滨海岸，海滨fixed costs 固定成本固定成本petrochemical /petrpetru ukemiklkemikl/ n.n. 石油化学产品石油化学产品adjacent /d deiseisntnt/ adj.adj. 邻近的，毗连的邻近的，毗连的electrical components 电子元件电子元件perishable / /per

15、iperiblbl/ adj.adj. 易坏的，易腐烂的易坏的，易腐烂的percentage /p psentidsentid/ n.n. 百分比，百分率百分比，百分率growth rate 增长率增长率extensive /ik/ikstensivstensiv/ adj.adj. 广泛的，大量的广泛的，大量的liquid /likwidlikwid/ n.n. 液体液体gaseous /gsigsis s/ adj.adj. 气体的，气态的气体的，气态的dominate /d dmineitmineit/ vt.vt. 占首要地位，支配占首要地位，支配solid /s slidlid/ n

16、.n. 固体固体slurry /sl/slriri/ n.n. 半流质稀薄混合物（尤指水泥、黏土、半流质稀薄混合物（尤指水泥、黏土、泥浆等）泥浆等）feasible /fi:zfi:zblbl/ adj.adj. 可实行的，可能的可实行的，可能的refinery /ririfainfainriri/ n.n. 精炼厂，提炼厂精炼厂，提炼厂harbor /h:bh:b/ n.n. 海港，港口海港，港口【Text Learning】 Transportation mode is an essential component of transportation system. Road transp

17、ort, rail transport, water transport, air transport, and pipeline transport constitute the major transportation modes in modern society. Road transport Rail transport Water transport Air transport Pipeline transport 【Notes】 1. Road transport, rail transport, water transport, air transport, and pipel

18、ine transport constitute the major transportation modes in modern society. 现代社会的运输方式主要包括公路运输、铁路运输、现代社会的运输方式主要包括公路运输、铁路运输、水路运输、航空运输和管道运输。水路运输、航空运输和管道运输。 constitute 组成，构成，指构成某一整体组成，构成，指构成某一整体 Example: Twelve months constitute one year. 十十二个月构成一年。二个月构成一年。 2. It is capable of providing a “door to door”

19、service without any break in the journey to change from one vehicle to another, so it can be flexible enough to perform “just-in-time” delivery. 它能实现它能实现“门到门门到门”的服务，运输过程中省去了停留的服务，运输过程中省去了停留和转换运输工具的麻烦，所以其灵活性足以实现和转换运输工具的麻烦，所以其灵活性足以实现“及时制及时制生产生产”交付的要求。交付的要求。 3. In addition，with the development of road

20、transport, new types of problems, such as the significant growth of fuel consumption, air pollution, traffic congestion and road accidents have emerged. 此外，公路运输发展的同时也出现了新的问题，如燃此外，公路运输发展的同时也出现了新的问题，如燃料消耗增多、空气污染严重、交通堵塞和交通事故显著增料消耗增多、空气污染严重、交通堵塞和交通事故显著增长等。长等。 4. With the growing development of container

21、 techniques, containerization has improved the flexibility of rail transport by linking it with road and maritime modes. 随着集装技术的不断发展，集装箱化通过公铁联运随着集装技术的不断发展，集装箱化通过公铁联运和海铁联运大大提高了铁路运输的灵活性。和海铁联运大大提高了铁路运输的灵活性。 link A to/with B 把把A和和B连接起来连接起来 Example: The Channel Tunnel links Britain with the rest of Europ

22、e. 英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他区英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他区国家连接起来。国家连接起来。 5. Compared with any other modes, maritime transport is linked most closely to heavy industries, such as steel and petrochemical industries adjacent to ports. 海洋运输比任何其他方式与重工业的联系都要密切，海洋运输比任何其他方式与重工业的联系都要密切，如毗邻港口的钢铁工业、石化工业。如毗邻港口的钢铁工业、石化工业。 adjacent to

23、靠近，与靠近，与邻接邻接 Example: Our farm land was adjacent to the river. 我们的农田挨近河边。我们的农田挨近河边。 6. Air transport is mainly for goods that are valuable, such as watches, gold, electrical components, or perishable goods such as flowers, meats, or lightweight goods such as mails. 航空运输的对象主要是一些贵重货物，如手表、黄航空运输的对象主要是一些

24、贵重货物，如手表、黄金、电子元件等，或易腐货物，如鲜花、肉类产品等，或金、电子元件等，或易腐货物，如鲜花、肉类产品等，或轻便货物，如邮件等。轻便货物，如邮件等。 7. Although air transport still accounts for a very small percentage of goods transportation, its growth rate in recent years is the highest among the transportation modes. 尽管航空运输在货物运输中仍然只占很小的比例，但尽管航空运输在货物运输中仍然只占很小的比例，但

25、其最近几年的增长速度位居各运输方式之首。其最近几年的增长速度位居各运输方式之首。 8. Goods traveling through pipelines are typically in a liquid or gaseous state, such as oil and gasthe main products dominate pipeline traffic. However, in certain instances solids can be transported through pipelines, such as the transport of coal in the fo

26、rm of slurry. 最典型的通过管道运输的货物呈液体或气体状态，例最典型的通过管道运输的货物呈液体或气体状态，例如石油和天然气如石油和天然气管道运输以这两类产品为主。不过，管道运输以这两类产品为主。不过，在有些情况下固体也可以通过管道运输，例如将煤炭兑水在有些情况下固体也可以通过管道运输，例如将煤炭兑水以煤浆的形式进行运输。以煤浆的形式进行运输。 in the form of 以以的形式的形式 Example: I hope you can show your products in the form of PPT. 希望您可以用希望您可以用PPT的形式展示贵公司的的形式展示贵公司的产

27、品。产品。. Choose the best answer for each question. 1. is the most flexible to provide a “door to door” service. A. Road transport B. Rail transport C. Maritime transport D. River transport 2. can offer the highest capacity in the land transport mode. A. Road transport B. Rail transport C. Water transp

28、ort D. Air transportAB 3. is the most effective mode to move large quantities of goods over long distances. A. Road transport B. Rail transport C. Water transport D. Air transport 4. is the best mode for transporting high value goods. A. Road transport B. Rail transport C. Water transport D. Air tra

29、nsport 5. is the most important mode for transporting oil and gas. A. Road transport B. Rail transport C. Water transport D. Pipeline transportCDD. Read the following statements carefully and judge if they are “True” or “False”. 1. Transportation mode is an essential component of transportation syst

30、em. ( ) 2. Road transport can not provide a “door to door” service. ( )TF 3. Road transport can result in air pollution and road accidents. ( ) 4. Heavy industries are traditionally linked with rail transport. ( ) 5. Maritime transport has low fixed costs. ( )TTF. Fill in the blanks with the words o

31、r phrases given below. Change the forms if necessary. vehiclebroadrepresentinteractionAspectphysicalinfrastructuredefine Transportation is simply thought as the movement of people and goods between points. It one of the most important human activities worldwide. It is a multidimensional（多维的，多面的）（多维的

32、，多面的） service that affects many of our daily lives. Transportation includes , administration, , and users. It can be viewed from various aspects, including engineering, economics, and societal issues. A transportation system can be narrowly as a single driver/vehicle with its second-by-second intera

33、ctions with the road and other vehicles. The system can also be defined as a regional transportation infrastructure with its year-by-year with the regional economy, the community of transportation administration and legislature.physicalrepresentsaspectsinfrastructurevehiclesdefinedbroadlyinteraction

34、s. Translate the following phrases into English. 1 1运输方式运输方式 2 2公路运输公路运输 3 3海洋运输海洋运输 4 4电子元件电子元件 5 5固定成本固定成本 transportation moderoad transportmaritime transportelectrical componentsfixed costs. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Transportation mode is an essential component of transp

35、ortation system. 运输方式是运输系统的重要组成部分。运输方式是运输系统的重要组成部分。 2. Road transport offers more flexibility and versatility to the shipper than virtually any other form of transportation. 公路运输事实上能向发货人提供比其他运输方式更为公路运输事实上能向发货人提供比其他运输方式更为灵活和多样化的服务。灵活和多样化的服务。 3. Rail offers cost-effective transportation of large quant

36、ities of goods over long distances. 铁路为大宗货物的长距离运输提供经济的运输服务。铁路为大宗货物的长距离运输提供经济的运输服务。 4. Air transport competes with ocean shipping, but the high cost and limited carrying capacity make air movement prohibitive for many items. 航空运输和海洋运输相互竞争，但是海洋运输的高成本航空运输和海洋运输相互竞争，但是海洋运输的高成本和有限的承载能力使得很多货物不能通过这种途径运输。和有限

37、的承载能力使得很多货物不能通过这种途径运输。 5. Pipelines are effective in transporting large quantities of goods where no other feasible means of transport is available. 大批量的货物在没有其他适用的运输方式时，管道可以大批量的货物在没有其他适用的运输方式时，管道可以提供有效的运输服务。提供有效的运输服务。 Text 2 The Selection of Transportation Modes【Key Terms】transport capacity 运输能力运输能力

38、variety of goods 货物品种货物品种transport cost 运输成本运输成本transport speed 运输速度运输速度【New Words and Phrases】fundamental /f fndndmentlmentl/ adj. adj. 基本的，基础的基本的，基础的analyse /nnlaizlaiz/ vt.vt. 分析分析compete /k km mpi:tpi:t/ vi.vi. 竞争，比赛竞争，比赛reliability /ririlailaibilitibiliti/ n.n. 可靠性可靠性availability /veilveilbilit

39、ibiliti/ n.n. 可用性可用性takeinto account 把把考虑进去考虑进去primary /praimpraimriri/ adj.adj. 首要的；主要的；基本的首要的；主要的；基本的primary standard 首要标准首要标准security /sisikjukjuritiriti/ n.n. 安全，保障安全，保障ensure /ininu u/ vt.vt. 保证，确保保证，确保characteristic /kriktkriktristikristik/ n.n. 特性；特征特性；特征property /prprp ptiti/ n.n. 性质，特性性质，特性

40、physical properties 物理性质物理性质chemical properties 化学性质化学性质confirm /k kn nf f:m:m/ vt.vt. 肯定，确认肯定，确认freight affordability 运费负担能力运费负担能力appropriate /prpruprieituprieit/ adj.adj. 恰当的恰当的aggregative /grigeitivgrigeitiv/ adj.adj. 集合的；集团的集合的；集团的aggregative index 综合指数综合指数function /f fk kn n/ n.n. 函数函数cost func

41、tion 成本函数成本函数represent /reprireprizentzent/ vt.vt. 代表；表示代表；表示respectively /ririspektivlispektivli/ adv.adv. 各自地，各个地，分别各自地，各个地，分别地地advantageous /dvdvn nteidteids s/ adj.adj. 有利的，有帮助的有利的，有帮助的analysis /nlnlsissis/ n.n. 分析，解析分析，解析rank /rrk k/ vt.vt. 排列；分等级排列；分等级calculate /klkjuleitklkjuleit/ vt.vt. 计算；核

42、算；估计计算；核算；估计destination /destidestineinein n/ n.n. 目的地，终点目的地，终点trade-off （对不能同时兼顾的因素）权衡（对不能同时兼顾的因素）权衡in principle 原则上原则上in practice 实际上实际上intermodal /intintm mudl/udl/ adj.adj. 联合运输的，转运的联合运输的，转运的【Text Learning】 Modes can compete with one another in terms of cost, speed, reliability, transport capaci

43、ty, availability, safety, etc. When considering which mode to adopt, enterprises may seriously take the following five factors into account based on the specific conditions. Safety Variety of Goods Cost Distance Speed 【Notes】 1. The selection of transportation modes is a fundamental part of transpor

44、tation management, which should be analysed carefully because of its impacts upon a companys operational efficiency. 运输方式的选择是运输管理的基本组成部分，应对其运输方式的选择是运输管理的基本组成部分，应对其进行仔细地分析，因为它会影响企业的运营效率。进行仔细地分析，因为它会影响企业的运营效率。 2. When considering which mode to adopt, enterprises may seriously take the following five f

45、actors into account based on the specific conditions. 企业决定采用哪种运输方式时，可以根据具体情况，企业决定采用哪种运输方式时，可以根据具体情况，对下述五个因素认真研究考虑。对下述五个因素认真研究考虑。 o account 对对加以考虑加以考虑 Example: They had to take the baby into account when they wanted to go out. 每当要外出时，他们总得每当要外出时，他们总得考虑如何将婴孩安顿好。考虑如何将婴孩安顿好。 3. In order to ensure

46、 the safety of goods, enterprises should know clearly the characteristics of goods at first, such as the physical properties and chemical properties, on the basis of which they can select the safe and reliable transportation mode. 为了确保货物安全，企业应该首先了解货物的特性，为了确保货物安全，企业应该首先了解货物的特性，如物理性质和化学性质，在此基础上选择安全、可靠

47、的运如物理性质和化学性质，在此基础上选择安全、可靠的运输方式。输方式。 4. The property and shape of the goods should be described on the package, according to which enterprises can confirm the freight affordability of the goods, and adopt the most appropriate transportation mode. 货物的性质和形状应该在包装上加以说明，据此，企货物的性质和形状应该在包装上加以说明，据此，企业可以确认货物对

48、运费的负担能力，然后选择最佳的运输业可以确认货物对运费的负担能力，然后选择最佳的运输方式。方式。 on the basis of/onbasis 在在基础上，以基础上，以为基础为基础 Example: Rates of work are calculated on a weekly basis. 工资是以周为计算基准的。工资是以周为计算基准的。 5. Transport cost is not only an aggregative index for the measurement of transportation, but also a main factor that affects

49、the cost of logistics. 运输成本不仅是衡量运输效果的综合指标，也是影响运输成本不仅是衡量运输效果的综合指标，也是影响物流成本的主要因素。物流成本的主要因素。 6. Transport cost varies due to the differences of goods in terms of catalogue, weight, quantity and distance. 运输成本因货物的种类、重量、数量和运输距离的不运输成本因货物的种类、重量、数量和运输距离的不同而不同。同而不同。 7. The cost of road transport is lower for

50、 short distance, but its cost function climbs faster than that of the rail and maritime transport. 公路运输在短距离运输时成本较低，但其成本函数的公路运输在短距离运输时成本较低，但其成本函数的增长速度比铁路和海洋运输成本函数的增长速度都要快。增长速度比铁路和海洋运输成本函数的增长速度都要快。 8. At the point of D1, the cost of road transport is the same as that of the rail transport, whereas fro

51、m the point of D2, maritime transport becomes more advantageous. 在到达点在到达点D1的距离时，公路运输和铁路运输的成本相的距离时，公路运输和铁路运输的成本相同，而从同，而从D2点开始，海洋运输会更有优势。点开始，海洋运输会更有优势。 9. In common cases, the speed of air transport ranks first among the five, followed by road transport, rail transport and water transport. 通常情况下，航空运输的

52、速度位居五种运输方式之通常情况下，航空运输的速度位居五种运输方式之首，然后是公路运输、铁路运输和水路运输。首，然后是公路运输、铁路运输和水路运输。 10. Meanwhile, using more than one mode of transportation can lead to transportation services having a reasonable trade-off between cost and transit time. 与此同时，运用多种运输方式可以在成本和运输时间与此同时，运用多种运输方式可以在成本和运输时间之间达成一种合理权衡。之间达成一种合理权衡。 11

53、. Although there are in principle several combinations of the five basic modes of transportation, in practice only a few of them turn out to be convenient. 尽管在理论上这五种基本运输方式可以组合成多种多尽管在理论上这五种基本运输方式可以组合成多种多式联运，但是实际上，只有几种多式联运便于操作。式联运，但是实际上，只有几种多式联运便于操作。 turn out 结果是，原来是，证明是结果是，原来是，证明是 Example: If the day

54、 turns out wet we may have to change our plans. 万一下雨的话万一下雨的话, 我们也许得改变计划。我们也许得改变计划。【Exercises】. Choose the best answer for each question. 1. The cost of is the highest among the following options. A. road transportB. rail transport C. water transportD. air transport D 2. is the best choice in terms o

55、f transport capacity. A. Road transportB. Rail transport C. Water transportD. Air transport 3. If you want to transport some rare flowers from Beijing to New York, you may select . A. road transportB. rail transport C. air transportD. pipeline transport CC 4. It is economical to choose to transport

56、some products for only 500 km. A. road transportB. rail transport C. air transportD. pipeline transport 5. is the primary factor to consider when enterprises to select transportation modes. A. Transport speedB. Cost C. Variety of goodsD. SafetyAD. Read the following statements carefully and judge if

57、 they are “True” or “False”. 1. Modes can compete with one another in terms of cost, speed, reliability, transport capacity, availability, safety, etc. ( ) 2. Safety refers to the security of the goods transported. ( )TF 3. Transport cost can be influenced by the weight, quantity and distance of goo

58、ds. ( ) 4. It is preferable to choose maritime transport to reduce the cost when the transport distance is over 3000 km. ( ) 5. It is feasible to combine any two transportation modes together. ( ) TTF. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the forms if necessary. propertyv

59、arydestinationweightcombination describeensure reliability Competition involves the comparative advantage of using a specific or a of modes.2. The transportation of goods should bear low cost and safety and punctuality. combinationensure 3. Selection of the mode is determined by the consideration of

60、 distance, cargo , linkage, timing and other requirements. 4. Each mode has sought to exploit its own advantages in terms of cost, service, and safety. 5. Containers in size, material and construction. weightsreliabilityvary 6. The contents of the container are unknown to shippers as it can only be open