重大版高中必修5-ThemeAUnit1grammar课件

1、GrammarUnit 1 Olympic HistoryRevision be connected to believe in centre round/ on/ upon compete for/against be unfamiliar with every 4 years more than live on come to life in modern times alternate and /with be known as consistent with 1) 与与相连相连2) 信任信任3) 当作重点当作重点4) 为为竞争竞争5) 不熟悉不熟悉6) 每每4年年7) 超过超过8) 继

2、续继续9) 苏醒苏醒10) 在当代在当代11) 使交替使交替12) 被称为被称为13) 符合符合The Past Participle as the Attribute1.The first recorded ancient Olympic Games were held in 776 BC in ancient Greece and 2. An olive wreath as the only prize given at Olympia suggested that the athletes competed for honour, Read the sentences from the

3、text, paying attention to the coloured words.3. In 1948, Sir Ludwig Guttmann organized a sports competition involving Word War II disabled soldiers in England.4. Four years later, competitors from Holland joined the Games, and the international movement, now known as the Paralympics.过去分词作定语，在语态上表被动；

4、在过去分词作定语，在语态上表被动；在时间上表示动作已经发生或完成，与它时间上表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。关系。 B: Yes. And we had canned fish, smoked sausages, cakes made by our teacher and fresh apples picked from the orchard. We also played a lot of games there.B: Indeed, to our delight, we helped a lost boy to fin

5、d his mother.单个单个的过去分词作定的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词的名词或代词前面前面；过去分词过去分词短语短语作定语作定语时，位于它所修饰的时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词名词或代词后面后面。单个过去分词单个过去分词过去分词短语过去分词短语1. 过去分词作定语位置过去分词作定语位置已升起的太阳已升起的太阳有组织的旅行有组织的旅行 a risen sunan organized trippeople addicted to drugsa school built for orphans药物上瘾的人药物上瘾的人 为孤儿专建的学校为孤儿专建的学校 单个过去分

6、词修饰单个过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody, those 等等不定代词不定代词时，也要放在时，也要放在这些词这些词后面后面。Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.2. 过去分词作定语的含义过去分词作定语的含义a. 及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义义a broken cupa wounded soldieran unexpected guestthe excited crowd a cup

7、 which is broken a soldier who was woundeda guest who is unexpectedthe crowd who were exciteda grown womana retired officera woman who has growna officer who has retiredb. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。成意义。过去分词作定语的作用相当于定语从句，二者可以过去分词作定语的作用相当于定语从句，二者可以转换转换。 a letter written in pencil the book

8、borrowed by Jack the machines produced last year This object, discovered almost by accident, has changed machine.= a letter which was written in pencil= the book which was borrowed by Jack= This object, which was discovered almost by accident, has changed machine.= the machines which were produced l

9、ast year3. 过去分词作定语和定语从句的转换过去分词作定语和定语从句的转换 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。_will be replaced soon.= The window which was broken will be replaced soon. 昨天买的书确实不错。昨天买的书确实不错。The books _are of high quality.= The books which were bought yesterday are of high quality.The broken windowbought yesterdayPractice一些由表

10、示情感或心理状态的动词转化而来一些由表示情感或心理状态的动词转化而来的过去分词作定语时，已经完全形容词化，的过去分词作定语时，已经完全形容词化，不表被动。不表被动。4. 形容词性化过去分词作定形容词性化过去分词作定语语常见的有：常见的有：amazed, embarrassed, disappointed, excited, encouraged, bored, interested, tired, worried, surprised, satisfied, pleased, moved, frightened等。等。The _ children were opening their pres

11、ents.A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitesexcited过去分词与现在分词作定语过去分词与现在分词作定语1.语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动。去分词表示被动。注：不及物动词的过去分词只有注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成完成”含义，含义，而不表示被动。而不表示被动。an inspiring speech the inspired audience鼓舞人心的演说鼓舞人心的演说受到鼓舞的观众受到鼓舞的观众the falling leaves落叶（正往下落的）落叶（正往下落的）落叶（已

12、经落到地面的）落叶（已经落到地面的）the fallen leaves2 2. . 时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作动作正在进行正在进行”或或“与谓语同时进行与谓语同时进行”或或“经常性经常性”。过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词先于位于动词表示的动作表示的动作”或或“没有一定的时间性没有一定的时间性” Do you know the boy _(lie) under the big tree?“Cant you read?” Mary said angrily, _ (point) to the not

13、ice. The woman _(sell) vegetables has gone. The wheat is watered by water _(bring) from a pond. He is a leader_ (respect) by the people.lyingpointingsellingbroughtrespected3.及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词与与现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式都可都可以表示以表示“被动被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.the problem

14、 discussed yesterdaythe problem being discussed 4. 过去分词过去分词与与现在分词的完成被动式现在分词的完成被动式都表示都表示“完成完成”和和“被动被动”，但前者的时间性不变，但前者的时间性不变，而后者更加强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作。而后者更加强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作。 He is a teacher _(respect) by all. _(tell) to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to returned to his village. 已经发生，完成已经发生，完成正在发生正在发生resp

15、ectedHaving been told1. Tick each of the following sentences below in which the past participle is used as an attribute._1) She was surprised to see the beautiful horse in front of the house._2) Most of the people invited to the party were my old friends._3) Things seen are mightier than things hear

16、d._ 4) Tired out, the group of workers stopped to have a rest._ 5) She shouted in a pleased voice when she heard the good news._ 6) Frightened by the barking dog, the little girl cried loudly._7) The injured passengers were immediately sent to the city hospital._ 8) The river mentioned in the song i

17、s actually slightly to the east of Virginia.2. Rewrite each of the following sentences by following the example, paying attention to the position of the past participle.The letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow.The letter which was posted today will reach him the day after tomorr

18、ow.先行词定语从句先行词分词作定语1) I dont like to read a letter which is written in pencil.2) All the guests who are invited are here now.3) They are the problems which have been left over by history. I dont like to read a letter written in pencil.All the guests invited are here now.They are the problems left ove

19、r by history.4) The plan which has been made might be changed.5) They finally came to the areas that had been liberated.The plan made might be changed.They finally came to the liberated areas.The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. (2011全国全国II) A. joiningB. to join C. joinedD. h

20、aving joined解析：解析：join to表示表示“把把连接起连接起来来”，joined在句中是过去分词作定语，在句中是过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句相当于定语从句which is joined 。答。答案选案选C。高考解析高考解析Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. (2011江苏江苏) A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compare

21、d 解析：解析：compare的动作是的动作是survey发出的，发出的，现在分词短语做后置定语。现在分词短语做后置定语。The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011湖南湖南) A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed解析：本句意思是：表达观点的能力和这解析：本句意思是：表达观点的能力和这个观点本身一样重要。个观点本身一样重要。the ability to do sth.“做某事的能力做某事的能力”，固定短语，故此处，固定短语，故此处用

22、动词不定式作后置定语。用动词不定式作后置定语。Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2011福建福建) A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded解析：句中的主语解析：句中的主语Tsinghua University与与found构成逻辑上的被动关系，可选构成逻辑上的被动关系，可选C、D；再根据时间；再根据时间1911年可知年可知found动作已动作已经完成，故用过去分词。此句中过去分经完成，故用过去分词。此句中过

23、去分词短语作后置定语。词短语作后置定语。 1. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known2. The television is a _ machine. A. newly-invented B. new-invented C. newly-invent D. newly-invention3. _ English is different from _

24、English in many ways. A. Spoken, written B. Speaking, written C. Spoken, writing D. Speak, writeDAAPractice4. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars5. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than some store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buyingDB6. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow7.The _ look