英语中的不一致问题Disagreementsinsentences

1、Disagreements in Sentences Definition Classification Exercises Examples Definition Disagreements in sentences primarily consist of Subject-predicate disagreement, Temporal inconsistency and others.Subject-predicate agreement mainly refers to the predicate matches the subject,the relationship between

2、 them is controlled by these three principles:grammatical concord, notional concord, principle of proximity.Tense agreement refers to the tense of the predicate matches the adverbial of time, the tense of the subordinate clause matches the tense of the main clause.ClassificationDisagreements in sent

3、encesSubject-predicate disagreementTense disagreement Othersv 1 Subject-predicate disagreements 1.1 Noun or noun phrase as subject 1.2 Pronoun or pronoun phrase as subject 1.3 Numerals phrase as subject 1.4 Articles phrase as subject 1.5 Non-predicate structure as subject 1.6 Clause form as subject

4、1.7 The other as subject1.1 Noun or noun phrase as subject 1.1.1 “-ics” as end of the subject noun. The predicate verb is singular. e.g. Statistics is her major. 1.1.2“-ings” as end of the noun. The predicate verb is plural. e.g. The surroundings of the school are good. 1.1.3 “bothand”The predicate

5、verb is plural. e.g. Both rice and wheat are well grown in the filed. 1.1.4 “-s” as end of the proper noun and the proper noun as the symbol of single object Generally speaking,the predicate verb is singular such as Unite States and Athens. However, sometimes the predicate verb is plural when mounta

6、ins,waterfuls, and islands appears in sentences. e.g. The United nations is an international organization. 1.2 Pronoun or pronoun phrase as subject 1.2.1 “ everyand every”, “eachand each” as subject, the predicate verb is singular. e.g. Each man and each woman is asked to help. 1.2.2 “eitheror”, “ne

7、ithernor”, “not onlybut also” as subject, the using of predicate verb obey proximity principle. e.g. Either you or I am wrong. e.g. Either he or you are right.1.3. Numerals phrase as subject When “most of /all of + noun” or fraction or percentage score as subject, the form of the verb is decided by

8、the noun behind it. e.g. Three-fourths of the people are very poor in the village.1.4. Articles phrase as subject “The/a number of” as subject, the predicate verb is singular/plural. e.g. The number of students in this school is 2056. e.g. A number of students are playing on the playground. 1.5. Non

9、-predicate structure as subject The infinitive or gerund as subject, the predicate verb is singular. e.g. To work hard is necessary for me at present. e.g. Smoking is bad for your health.1.6. Clause form as subject 1.6.1 When “what” guides a noun clauses as subject, the form of predicate verb is dec

10、ided by meaning of sentence. e.g. What he had done is wrong, we must correct it at once. 1.6.2 When “that” guides a noun clauses as subject, the predicate verb is singular. e.g. That we can visit there is a great pleasure. 1.6.3 When “who, whether, how, why” guides a noun clauses as subject, the pre

11、dicate verb is always singular. e.g. Whether he will stay at home or not tomorrow isnt decided. 1.6.4 The verb in attributive clause should be consistent with its antecedent in person and number. e.g. Dont choose me, who am not qualified for this job. 1.6.5 When “one of +plural noun” guides a attrib

12、utive clause as relative pronoun, the predicate verb always is plural. e.g. That is one of the most dictionaries that have appeared in recent years. 1.7 The other as subject In “there be” type sentence, the form of predicate verb is decided by the nearest subject. e.g. There is a book and three pens

13、 on the table. e.g. There are three pens and a book on the table.2. Temporal inconsistency In the compound sentence, the main clause is inconsistent with clause. e.g. He was a teacher, when he was young. e.g. He worked so hard that he finally achieved enviable success.Examples1. The League secretary

14、 and monitor asked to make a speech at the meeting. Explanation: Firstly, we can judge that the tense of this sentence is past tense.Moreover, you are likely to make a mistake which is that was asked is taken place of were asked.Because thein front of league secretary and monitor is only one but not

15、 the formation of the league secretary and the monitor. 2. His family isnt very large. His family are music lovers. Explanation: The meaning of these two sentences is extremely different.Because the word family in the first sentence means a whole. But the word familyin the second sentence means all

16、of members. 3.The number of people invited was fifty，but a number of them were absent for different reasons. Explanation: The number of + the singular of predicate verb ;A number of+the plurality of prediacte verb.v4、The teacher together with the students is discussing Reading Skills that is newly p

17、ublished in America.vExplanation：In this sentence，the subject is “The teacher” not “The teacher together with the students ”and Reading Skills has been issued.are was5、 Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture，but when and where havent decided yet.Explanation：In this sentence，wh

18、en and where guide subordinate clause or predicate verb infinitive post with the singular.hasnt beenExercises1. The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around $8,450 a year, which _ a burden for some of them.areis2. There is therefore a need for resources and methods of teaching that facilitates a deep understanding of science in an enjoyable way.facilitate3. Whether women who have started a career will attain pay equality with men rest on at least two factors. rests4. Any attempt to trace the develop