ESD training 静电防护培训

1、Electrostatic DischargeRev09Reviewed by Learning CenterUpdated: 2010.02Design. Build. Ship. Service.2Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21内容内容Content1. ISO90002. 质量方针质量方针 Quality Policy 3. ESD方针方针 ESD Policy4. ESD基本知识基本知识 Basic Knowledge of ESD5. ESD的影响及危害的影响及危害 Influence and Harm of ESD6. ESD 控制技术

2、控制技术 Control Technology of ESD3Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21学习目的学习目的Learning Outcome课程结束，您将能够：课程结束，您将能够：At the end of the session, you will be able to :了解了解ISO9000的基本常识的基本常识 Know the ABC of ISO9000理解理解ESD产生的基本原理。产生的基本原理。Understand the fundamental of ESD认识认识ESD的影响及危害的影响及危害Have the awareness

3、of Influence and Harm of ESD懂得懂得ESD控制技术控制技术Understand how to control the ESD4Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21ISO 9000ISO- International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织国际标准化组织国际标准化组织是世界上最大的非政府性标准化专门机构,它在国际标准化中占主导地位.ISO的主要活动是制定国际标准,协调世界范围内的标准化工作,组织各成员国和技术委员会进行情报交流，以及与其他国际性组织进行合作,共同研究有关标

4、准化问题.随着国际贸易的发展,对国际标准的要求日益提高，ISO的作用也日趋扩大，世界上许多国家对ISO也越加重视.ISO的目的和宗旨是:在世界范围内促进标准化工作的发展,以利于国际物资交流和互助，并扩大在知识、科学、技术和经济方面的合作。ISO is a network of the national standards institutes of 148 countries, on the basis of one member per country, with a Central Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland, that coordinates t

5、he system. ISO is a non-governmental organization: its members are not, as is the case in the United Nations system, delegations of national governments. Nevertheless, ISO occupies a special position between the public and private sectors. This is because, on the one hand, many of its member institu

6、tes are part of the governmental structure of their countries, or are mandated by their government. On the other hand, other members have their roots uniquely in the private sector, having been set up by national partnerships of industry associations. Therefore, ISO is able to act as a bridging orga

7、nization in which a consensus can be reached on solutions that meet both the requirements of business and the broader needs of society, such as the needs of stakeholder groups like consumers and users. 5Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21ISO 9000ISO9000:2000/ ISO 9000 family of standard (revision

8、 2000)ISO9000 介绍质量管理体系的基础知识及质量管理体系术语介绍质量管理体系的基础知识及质量管理体系术语ISO9000 provides an introduction to quality management systems and the vocabulary of quality management.ISO9001 质量管理体系的具体说明（要求）质量管理体系的具体说明（要求）ISO9001 specifies requirements for quality management systems for use where an organizations capabil

9、ity to provide conforming products needs to be demonstrated.ISO9004 为质量管理系统的建立提供指导说明为质量管理系统的建立提供指导说明ISO9004 provides guidance in the implementation of a broadly based quality management system to achieve continual improvement of business performance.6Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21ESD PolicyF

10、lextronics Shanghai ESD PolicyFlextronics is focused on our customers ultimate success and is committed to having the highest level of quality in the industry. And in accordance to our Quality Management System (QMS), we strive to provide our external and internal customers with a level of Electrost

11、atic Discharge (ESD) control and protection that consistently meets or exceeds requirements through the following elements:Continually maintaining and improving the effectiveness of our ESD program - Periodic review of current technical and administrative requirements to ensure continuous ESD protec

12、tion through all manufacturing steps.Establishing an ESD organizational structure A cross-functional committee (with management support) with the resources and expertise to resolve ESD-related issues.Effectively communicating up and down the Supply Chain - Effective communication of ESD policy and o

13、bjectives to customers, suppliers and our employees.Establishing and conducting a comprehensive training program - Training and certifying all employees in the proper management and control of ESD.Establishing a closed loop compliance verification program Conducting regular audits and reviews to ens

14、ure that ESD requirements are met and fulfilled. 7Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21ESD 方针方针ESD 方针伟创力致力于达到本行业最高的质量水平，并专注于客户的最终成功。依据质量管理体系，通过以下理念在ESD控制和保护方面满足或超越内、外部客户的期望与要求。持续维护并改善ESD系统的有效性 定期评审当前技术和管理方面的要求, 确保在所有制造阶段有持续的ESD防护。建立ESD组织架构 交叉功能委员会为解决ESD相关问题提供资源和技术。在企业供应链的各层面进行有效沟通 对客户、供应商和雇员进行ESD政策

15、和目标的有效沟通。建立和执行全面ESD培训 在ESD培训和管理方面为所有员工提供培训和认证。建立完善的ESD的验证系统 执行日常ESD审核确保执行和满足ESD要求。8Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21静电是如何产生的静电是如何产生的 How static electricity generate?静电是由两种或两种以上的绝缘物体接触或摩擦产生,大多由绝缘物体相互摩擦或干燥空气与绝缘物体摩擦产生。带电物体也可以通过感应使绝缘体正负电荷分离，从而带电。Static is generated by touch or friction among insula

16、tions, mostly,generated by fiction betweentwo insulations or fiction between atmosphere and insulation. Electric substance can induceanother insulation to be a static substance.电荷的积累发展为静电电势，两个不同物体会因电位差而发生电荷转移，这就是静电放电(ESD).Electricity will be produced due to transfer between two potential difference

17、substances. This is regarded as Electrostatic Discharge.9Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21ESD基本知识基本知识 Basic Knowledge of ESDESD-储存的静止电荷的突然释放。它是一种由静电源产生的电能进入电子组件后迅速放电的现象。ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) is the rapid discharge of electrical energy that created from electrostatic sources.When electri

18、cal energy is allowed to come in contact with or even close to a sensitive component, it can cause damage to the component.EOS-电气过载。它是某些额外出现的电能导致元器件损害的结果。EOS(Electrical Overstress) is the internal result of an unwanted application of electrical energy that results in damaged components.ESD损害和EOS损害十分

19、相似，极难分辨，因为它们都是意外电能造成的破坏性后果。EOS damage is certainly similar in nature to ESD damage,since damage is the result of undesirable electrical energy.常见的ESD产生：梳头、揭塑料纸、走路、冬天脱毛衣、闪电等。ESD often occurs at:do up ones hair,uncover plastic,walking on carpet,fulmination etc. 10Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21

20、质量方针质量方针 Quality Policy11Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21静电产生的来源静电产生的来源 Typical Static Charge Sources工作台面 Work surfaces打蜡、粉刷或油漆表面 Waxed,painted or varnished surfaces 未处理的聚乙烯和塑料玻璃Untreated vinyl and plastics,Glass地板Floors灌封混泥土 Sealed concrete 打蜡或成品木材Waxed or finished wood 地瓷砖或地毯 Floor tile and

21、carpeting服装和人员Clothes and Personnel 非ESD防护服 Non-ESD smocks 非ESD防护鞋 Non-ESD shoes 合成材料 Synthetic materials 头发 Hair座椅Chairs成品木材 Finished wood 聚乙烯类 Vinyl 玻璃纤维 Fiberglass 绝缘车轮 Nonconductive wheels包装和操作材料Packaging and handing materials塑料袋、包、封套 Plastic bags,wraps,envelopes泡沫带、泡沫塑料Bubble,wrap,foam聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料

22、Styrofoam 非ESD防护料盒、托盘、容器 Non-ESD totes,trays,boxes,parts bins.组装工具和材料Assembly tools and materials高压射流Pressure sprays 压缩空气 Compressed air 合成毛刷Synthetic brushes 热风机、吹风机 Heat gun,blowers 复印机、打印机 Copiers,printers.12Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21典型的静电电压典型的静电电压 Typical Static Voltage Generation(Vo

23、lts)来源来源Source湿度湿度102010-20% humidity湿度湿度659065-90% humidity地毯上行走Walking on carpet350001500聚乙烯地板上行走Walking on vinyl flooring12000250工作椅上的人员移动Worker at a bench6000100聚乙烯封套（作业指导书）Vinyl envelopes(Work Instructions)7000600工作台面上拿起塑料袋Plastic bag picked up from the bench200001200有泡沫垫的工作座椅Work chair with fo

24、am paesign. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21 WE DONT FEEL CHANGES 3000V 我们感觉不到变化3000V3000 voltHOW ABOUT ESDS COMPONENTS?ESD敏感元件会怎么样？敏感元件会怎么样？BUTBUT但是但是14Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21静电对元器件的击穿电压静电对元器件的击穿电压 Destructive Breakdown元器件类型元器件类型Component Type击穿电压击穿电压Breakdown Volts砷化镓 Gal

25、lium Arsenide5100VMOSFET100200VEP-ROM100150V运算放大器Operational Amplifier1902500VCMOS2003000V肖特基二极管Diode3002500V屏蔽薄膜电阻器Shield Film Resistor3003000V晶体三极管Crystalline Transistor 3007000V逻辑发射TTLLogical Transmit TTL10002500V15Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21静电对元器件的损害静电对元器件的损害 Failure Analysis元器件类别元器件的

26、组成失效机理失效标志MOS结构MOSFET（分立）MOS集成线性集成混合电路电压引起的介质击穿和接着发生的大电流现象短路漏电大半导体结二极管（PNPIN肖特基）双极晶体管结型场效应管可控硅双极型集成电路MOSFET和MOS集成电路电过剩能量和过热引起的微等离子体二次击穿和微扩散由Si和Al的扩散引起电流束增大（电热迁移）失效薄膜电阻器混合集成电路（厚膜、薄膜）电阻单片集成电路薄膜电阻器密封薄膜电阻器介质击穿与电压有关的电流通路与焦耳热量有关的微电流通路的破坏电阻漂移金属化条混合IC单片IC梳状覆盖晶体管与焦耳热量有关的金属烧毁开路场效应结构和非导电性盖板存贮器EPROM等由于ESD 使正离子与

27、表面积累引起表面反型或栅阀值电压漂移性能退化、失效压晶体管晶振声表面波电压过高产生的机械力使晶体破裂性能退化、失效点击阀的间距较小部位声表面波器件IC内各种微电路电弧放电使电极材料熔融性能退化、失效16Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21静电损坏产品的两种方式静电损坏产品的两种方式 Two Destruction Modes 接触接触 Touch感应感应 Induction17Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21静电对电子产品损坏的形式静电对电子产品损坏的形式 Destruction Modalities1.完全破

28、坏：完全破坏：静电放电破坏，使元件受损不能工作。Completed Destruction:Component cant work immediately due to ESD damage.2.缩短寿命：缩短寿命：静电吸附灰尘，降低元件绝缘电阻。 Shorten Life:Static electricity absorbs dust to debase the insulated resistance of component.3.潜在损伤潜在损伤：静电放电电场或电流产生的热，使元件受伤。Potential Damage:Component is damaged by the heat o

29、f electric field or electric current.4.电磁干扰：电磁干扰：静电放电产生的电磁场幅度很大（达几百伏/米),频谱极宽（从几十兆到几千兆),对电子产品造成干扰甚至损坏。Electromagnetism Interference:Electric products will be interfered or destroyed due to the strong electromagnetism and wide frequency. 18Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21静电对电子产品损坏的形式静电对电子产品损坏的形式

30、 Destruction ModalitiesESD损坏类型 TYPES OF ESD FAILURE立即失效立即失效 CATASTROPHIC FAILURE“Die” immediately never function again. Can be detected during in-house testing.延时失效延时失效 LATENT/DEGRADATION FAILUREWeaken or wounded the component.May pass at in-house test but fail later in the field.Reliability problem

31、 to customer.19Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21对敏感元器件的影响对敏感元器件的影响 Influence to ESDS 如果只是降低元器件寿命,潜在损伤,电磁干扰，那目前的测试方法有三种无法测出：If component is just under the destruction of the late three models(Latent/Degradation Failure),we can not find out the defective product through our current three test mea

32、ns:ICTIn Circuit Test 在线测试 FCTFunctional Test功能测试TOTTotal Test全面测试防静电的要求： 防患于未然Anti-static request: nip in the bud20Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21静电的三大影响静电的三大影响 Three Influence of ESD 1.损坏损坏IC及敏感元件及敏感元件Destroys IC and ESDS2.降低质量降低质量Debases Quality3.降低客户满意度降低客户满意度Falls customers satisfaction2

33、1Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21防静电的基本原则防静电的基本原则 The Policy of Anti-static 预防和抑制静电荷的产生与积累，迅速、安全、有效地消除已产生的预防和抑制静电荷的产生与积累，迅速、安全、有效地消除已产生的静电荷。静电荷。 Prevent and restrain the generation and accumulation of static electricity,eliminate the existing static electricity speedily,safely and availably.A.

34、认识到所有的电子（固态）元器件和装配件对于ESD破坏敏感。 Knowing the sensibility of all the electric components and assembly to ESD. B.在没有适当接地情况下绝对避免触摸敏感元器件及装配件。 Not to touch ESDS component and assembly unless your wrist strap grounded rightly. C.除非在一个静电安全环境中，应绝对避免运输、储藏和搬运敏感元器件和装配件。 Transportation,storage and transit are proh

35、ibited unless in an Electric-static Protected Area(EPA).22Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21 防静电标志防静电标志 Warning Labels ESD Susceptibility Symbol ESD 敏感标识敏感标识ESD Protective SymbolESD防护标识防护标识23Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21预防静电的三种方法预防静电的三种方法 Three anti-static ways 1. 泄漏泄漏为静电提供释放通路，如导线接地。 L

36、eakage-Give a release circuit for static electricity.i.e.lead grounded. 2.中和中和提供相反极性的带电物体或离子。 Neutralization-Provide negative electrical substance or hydronium. 3.屏蔽屏蔽提供具有屏蔽功能的环境 Shield-Provide a shield earth environment.24Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21 ESD损害的防护材料损害的防护材料 Defensive materials

37、to ESD1.静电屏蔽材料静电屏蔽材料可防止静电释放穿透包装进入组件引起的损害。Static shielding packaging will prevent an electrostatic discharge from passing through the package and into the assembly causing damage.25Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21 ESD损害的防护材料损害的防护材料 Defensive materials to ESD2.抗静电材料抗静电材料可作为ESDS元器件廉价的中转包装或暂存使用。它在

38、使用中不产生电荷，但是如果发生了静电释放，它能穿透包装进入组件，导致ESDS元器件的EOS/ESD的损害。Antistatic(low charging) packaging materials are used to provide inexpensive cushioning and intermediate packaging for ESDS items.Antistatic materials do not generate charges occurs,it could pass through the packaging and into the part or assembly

39、,causing EOS/ESD damage to ESDS components.26Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21 ESD损害的防护材料损害的防护材料 Defensive materials to ESD3.静电消散材料静电消散材料具有足够的传导性，使电荷能通过其表面消散。离开EOS/ESD防护工作区域的元器件必须使用静电屏蔽材料包装，在其材料内部通常也有静电消散材料和抗静电材料。Static dissipative materials have enough conductivity to allow applied charges to

40、dissipate over the surface relieving hot spots of energy.Parts leaving an EOS/ESD protected work area must be overpacked in static shielding materials ,which normally also have static dissipative antistatic materials inside.27Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21ESD控制区域控制区域 ESD CONTROL AREABoundary

41、 clearly defined ESD alert sign labeled. ESD保护区域边界必须贴有警示标签保护区域边界必须贴有警示标签All personnel comply to ESD control procedure. 所有人员必须遵守所有人员必须遵守ESD控制程序控制程序Materials must not generate more than 1000V in the ESD protective area.ESD保护区域内的物品不能产生保护区域内的物品不能产生1000V以上的电压以上的电压28Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21P

42、ersonnel grounding requirements 个人接地需求个人接地需求The static voltage on the skin of any person handling unprotected ESD sensitive parts, assemblies, or products shall not exceed 100 volts maximum.处理无保护的ESD元件,组装件或产品时,任何人的静电电压最大不能超100V29Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21Wrist strap grounding 手环接地Wrist s

43、traps are required to be worn by persons handling ESD sensitive devices when conductive flooring and footwear are not present and while these persons are seated, even if conductive floors, chairs and footwear are being used. A worn wrist strap must be in contact with the human skin for effective ESD

44、 protection.处理ESD元件的任何人都要通过手环来接地。就算是静电地面,但坐在椅子上时,穿了静电鞋,也是要戴上静电手环. 戴上静电手环必须与皮肤接触For standing operations in ESD protected areas with ESD floor, it is not necessary to wear wrist straps when handling ESD sensitive items provided proper ESD shoes are worn; the ESD shoes have passed ESD test; and the ESD

45、 shoes are in direct contact with the ESD floor.对于站立生产,一旦在ESD保护区域里接触ESD敏感产品时,戴上静电手环是没必要. 只要有穿好ESD测试合格的ESD鞋子,鞋子并和ESD地板有直接接触, 就没必要戴上静电手环.The users hand(s) that are in direct contact with the PCBA must be covered with either gloves or finger cots. This is to protect the PCBA from contaminants from the

46、hands (fingerprints etc). Finger cots must not be torn and can only be used once.使用者拿板子时必须戴手套或每个手指戴上指套.这是为了保护板子免受手指污染.指套破了不可以使用,且只能使用一次.PCBA must be handled at the edges, except where there are fragile parts at the edges, then the user should select other areas. User must try to avoid touching compo

47、nents on the PCBA and also any gold finger areas (if applicable).只能手拿板子地边缘,除非板边缘有易碎元件(这时应选择其他区域),有元件的地方或金手指区域不可以接触.we dont have to wear wrist straps only and only if the 3 conditions are met: (i) ESD shoes are worn, (ii) ESD shoes have passed ESD test, and (iii) ESD shoes are in direct contact with

48、ESD floor.如果不戴腕带必须符合以下3个条件: 1. 穿着ESD鞋 2. ESD鞋已通过测试 3. ESD鞋直接接触ESD地板Personnel grounding requirements 个人接地需求个人接地需求30Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21Testing wrist straps 静电手环While wearing the wrist strap, plug the banana plug end of the cord into the jack on the face of the unit.戴好静电手环，将手环一端的香蕉插头

49、插入“WRIST CORD”插座Press the test button so that the unit activates, hold down 2-3 seconds.按住右测试按钮2-3秒；注意测试时不能碰触其它任何金属部件Lighting of the green “PASS” LED indicates that the wrist strap and ground cord assemblies are functioning properly.当“PASS”绿灯亮表示手环接地良好If either red “FAIL LO” or “FAIL HI” LED light an

50、d the audible indicator sounds, the wrist strap wearer should check the wrist strap assembly immediately.如果如果“FAIL LO”或或“FAIL HI”红灯亮起，并伴有警示音，表示静红灯亮起，并伴有警示音，表示静电手环测试不通过，应立即检查静电手环电手环测试不通过，应立即检查静电手环. 如果不合格必须及时更换如果不合格必须及时更换Personnel grounding requirements 个人接地需求个人接地需求31Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-

51、4-21Footwear grounding 鞋子接地鞋子接地The footwear shall be properly worn on both feet with no part of the foot (especially the heel) exposed at any time.两只脚都应穿静电鞋两只脚都应穿静电鞋,并且不能露出脚底部特别是脚并且不能露出脚底部特别是脚跟跟Footwear shall be worn on site only, conductive footwear shall not be worn away from the work site.只有在工作区域

52、才穿静电鞋只有在工作区域才穿静电鞋Footwear wetted by any liquid shall be tested immediately after the exposure and must pass the audit test before continued use.一些液体把鞋打湿一些液体把鞋打湿,应立即测试应立即测试,合格后才能继续使用合格后才能继续使用Personnel grounding requirements 个人接地需求个人接地需求32Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21Testing foot grounding 静电

53、脚环当测试导电鞋或静电脚环时，应分别测试每只脚以确保完全接地。注意鞋底的清洁以保证测试的可靠。While wearing the ESD shoes (heel strip), place one foot on the plate, the other one put up穿好静电鞋（静电脚环），一只脚踩在测试板上，另一只脚抬起Press the test button so that the unit activates, hold down 2-3 seconds.按住左测试按钮保持2-3秒Lighting of the green “PASS” led indicates that t

54、he wrist strap and ground cord assemblies are functioning properly.“PASS”绿灯亮起说明脚环接地正常If either red “FAIL LO” or “FAIL HI” LED light and the audible indicator sounds, the footwear must be checked immediately.如果“FAIL LO” 或“FAIL HI”红灯亮起，并伴有警示音，表示静电脚环测试不通过，应立即检查静电脚环. 如果不合格必须及时更换Repeat test on other foot

55、.重复测试另一只脚 Personnel grounding requirements 个人接地需求个人接地需求33Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21Clothing 衣服ESD protective garments must be worn before handling unprotected ESD sensitive parts, assemblies or products.处理ESD元件,组装件,成品等人必须穿好静电衣.The ESD protective garment must be properly worn, fully butto

56、ned, and have good contact with bare skin in at least two places (e.g. wrist, neck).静电服应正确扣上钮扣,至少两处(手腕,颈等等)与皮肤接触皮肤接触Personnel grounding requirements 个人接地需求个人接地需求34Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21(对于D-800型号静电测试仪)While wearing the ESD shoes (or heel strap), stand on the metal test plate with one

57、 foot on each plate. (穿好静电鞋（或静电脚环），双脚同时站立在金属测试板上) Press the test button and hold down 2-3 seconds (do not touch anything else)(触摸测试键2-3秒(不能碰到其他地方，只能触摸测试键)Lighting of the green “PASS” LED indicates that the ESD shoes are properly grounded and functioning.(当“PASS”绿灯亮起，则说明鞋子接地良好) All LEDs will light up

58、 green at once, indicating a PASS. ( 绿色警号灯，会同时亮起, 意味着防静电合格) Push the turnstile and walk through(手扶闸门，旋转一格，测试完毕)If the red LED is lit on this means that the ESD shoes are not functioning properly and must be fixed or discarded for a functioning one. The use of water on the soles of ESD shoes as a tem

59、porary conductive medium to pass the ESD turnstile is not allowed. (如果红色警号灯亮时，这说明鞋子接地不良,则必须修理或更换接地良好的鞋子.禁止使用水在防静电鞋底来当作导电体来通过三滚闸门测试)Personnel grounding requirements 个人接地需求个人接地需求35Design. Build. Ship. Service.2022-4-21Hair 头发Of high risk is the electrical field radiated by charges on hair, or charging

60、 by hair which touches the work. Brushing causes hair to be charged, particularly if the hair is very clean and the relative humidity is low.头发的辐射是有危害的.在头发干净和相对湿度低的情况下,拂头发会产生很大的静电)Hair brushing is not allowed at a workstation, nor shall hair be allowed to contact ESD sensitive items.工作站不准拂头发,不允许头发接触