工业工程专业英语chapter1

1、1工业工程专业英语工业工程专业英语o课程性质、目的和任务n专业英语是工业工程专业的一门专业课，通过对本课程的学习，及一步巩固和提高英语水平，特别是提高阅读科技英语及专业英语资料的能力。其任务是培养学生阅读、写作科技英语等方面的能力，使其能以英语为工具顺利获取有关本专业所需的信息。o教学基本要求n了解专业英语的语法特点、专业英语的词汇特点及专业英语的各种文体中常用的符号、公式及其他。掌握工业工程专业的英语文献阅读和理解，能快速阅读科技文章，迅速获取信息和中心思想。理解专业英语翻译的基本方法。o计划学时：26学时2工业工程专业英语工业工程专业英语o课时安排3工业工程专业英语工业工程专业英语o作业要

2、求(共10次作业)n要求每次作业独立完成，并在完成学习后3天内上交，要求以Word文档形式上交，文档命名格式为“作业1_10603101_小王” 。n作业格式按给定“作业模板”排版。n最后一次结课作业应在课程学习结束前上交o期末结课作业(毕业设计答辩前，要求有科技文献翻译一篇，这项工作可以说是一举两得，希望同学们认真完成，并注意保存)n要求通过文献检索数据库，检索一篇工业工程相关英文科技文献，最好结合毕业设计题目，并翻译成中文。n具体要求：o上交一份检索文献过程的贴图；o检索文献(英文)要求字数(不是字符数，A4版式小五字体大约4页)超过2000字；o上交内容放在同一个word文档中，要求按“

3、论文规范”排版，要有目录，分3个部分，包括：n文献检索过程n外文文献n中文翻译4Chapter1 Introduction to Industrial Engineering5o计划学时：计划学时：4学时学时o教学内容：教学内容：n3学时，精读，逐句翻译，掌握专业词汇学时，精读，逐句翻译，掌握专业词汇oUnit 1 Introduction to IEn1学时，泛读，了解文章大意，掌握专业词汇，翻学时，泛读，了解文章大意，掌握专业词汇，翻译重点语句译重点语句oUnit 2 History of IEoUnit 3 Academic Disciplines of IEoUnit 4 Develo

4、pment of IE6o教学要求：教学要求：n了解工业工程的角色，工业工程毕业生的需求，学习本书的目的，掌握了解工业工程的角色，工业工程毕业生的需求，学习本书的目的，掌握工业工程的定义。工业工程的定义。n了解工业工程设计的学科，工业工程的发展。了解工业工程设计的学科，工业工程的发展。n了解美国工业工程专业在学科中的地位与中国的不同。了解美国工业工程专业在学科中的地位与中国的不同。 o本章共两次作业（作业本章共两次作业（作业1，作业，作业2）7本章专业词汇本章专业词汇ohypotenuse:斜边（斜边（hypothesis:假设）假设）olag:落后，延迟落后，延迟oimpede：妨碍，阻止：

5、妨碍，阻止ocivil engineering：土木工程：土木工程omilitary：军事的：军事的ofortification：防御工事：防御工事omechanical engineering：机械工程：机械工程osteam engine:蒸汽机蒸汽机oculminate:达到顶点达到顶点oelectrical engineering：电气工程：电气工程omagnetism：磁学：磁学ostatic electricity:静电学静电学ocarbon-filament:钨丝钨丝 otransmission:传送传送otransportation:运输运输 otransformation ：转

6、换：转换ofuel：燃料：燃料 odye：染料：染料 o lubricant：润滑剂：润滑剂ointernal combustion engine：内燃机：内燃机oartificial material：人工材料：人工材料oassiduity：勤奋、刻苦：勤奋、刻苦ointerchangeability:互换性互换性ospecialization: 专业化专业化ostandardization: 标准化标准化oinstitute of industrial engineers：工业工程师：工业工程师学会学会(IIE)ophysical science：自然科学（：自然科学（natural sc

7、ience ）oproductive：有生产价值的、多产的：有生产价值的、多产的ocost-effective：有成本效益的、划算的：有成本效益的、划算的oindustrial engineering:工业工程工业工程omanufacturing industry:制造业制造业oproduction system：生产系统：生产系统oservice system:服务系统服务系统oefficiency:效率效率oeffectiveness:效果效果ocurricula: 课程课程 (or curriculum)oharmonious society:和谐社会和谐社会oIE graduates:

8、工业工程毕业生（工业工程毕业生（IEs）oIE engineers:工业工程师（工业工程师（IEs）ofacility:设备、设施设备、设施ohealth-care delivery: 卫生保健服务卫生保健服务odiscipline:学科学科omethodology:方法方法oliterature:文献文献oeconomic and knowledge-based era:知识经知识经济时代济时代ospecialty:专业专业ofeedback：反馈：反馈ohand in hand :合作合作oinclined plane:斜面斜面ocorkscrew: 螺丝刀螺丝刀osimple lever

9、:单杠杆单杠杆ofriction: 摩擦摩擦omolecular:分子的分子的oelectricity: 电、电学、电流、电气电、电学、电流、电气othermal process:热处理热处理omanipulate:处理，使用，操纵处理，使用，操纵ovariable:变量变量oPythagorean theorem:勾股定理勾股定理8 Unit 1 Introduction to IE Origin and Definition of Industrial EngineeringoManufacturingoServicesoOrigin of IEoDefinition of IE91.Ma

10、nufacturingoManufacturing is defined as making of articles by physical labor or machinery, especially on a large scale.nby physical labor: a person with hand tools used craft skills to make objects.nby machinery: it has played an increasing role.non a large scale: with the mass production102.Service

11、soHealth-care delivery systems oTransportation systems oGovernmentsoBanksoDepartments and supermarkets11Characteristics of ServicesoProducts are intangible oClosely contact with customers oHigh intensive-laboroDifficult to evaluate performanceoDifficult to control quality of services123. Original of

12、 Industrial EngineeringoEngineeringoScienceoIndustry13A. Engineering Engineering is concerned with the application of scientific knowledge to the solution of problems and to the quest for a “better life.” e.g.: the Egypt Pyramids, the Great Wall, the Roman constructionCivilChemical ElectricalIndustr

13、ialMechanicalMilitaryManufacturing NuclearElectronicComputerAeronautical AstronauticalBioengineeringAgricultural/Ocean14B. Science Science is concerned with the quest for basic knowledge. e.g.:Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Social science (Behavior science, psychology, philosophy, sociology)1

14、5Engineering and ScienceoEngineering and science have developed in a parallel, complementary fashion, although not always at the same pace. Obviously, knowledge cannot be applied until it is discovered, and once discovered, it will soon be put to use. In its efforts to solve problems, engineering pr

15、ovides feedback to science in areas where new knowledge is needed. Thus, science and engineering work hand in hand.16Modern era of engineeringBeginning in 1750 ,Engineering schools appeared in France in the eighteenth century.The term civil engineer was first used in 1750 military engineering civil

16、engineering mechanical engineering: steam engine electrical science:electricity and magnetism174. Definition of Industrial Engineering Industrial engineering is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipment, and energy. It

17、 draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mechanical, physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict, and evaluate, the results to be obtained from such systems 18Understanding the definition of IE(1)Industrial:

18、any organization integrated systems: a factory, a cityspecialized knowledge: mechanical, physical, and social sciences, the principles and methods of engineering analysis Objectives: to specify, predict, and evaluate, the results to be obtained from such systems 19Understanding the definition of IE(

19、2)Discipline character: Engineering tech. Research object: systems (macro/micro)Theory & methods: mathematics, natural sciences and social sciencesObjectives & tasks: effectiveness & efficiency20作业作业1：o重点语句翻译（把下列语句翻译成中文）oIndustrial engineering (IE) is emerging as one of the classic and n

20、ovel professions that will be counted for solving complex and systematic problems in the highly technological world of today. o Industrial engineering is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipment, and energy. It draws

21、upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict, and evaluate, the results to be obtained from such systems. 21作业作业1：o课外翻译（把下列语句翻译成中文）oOn the other hand,todays IE h

22、as at his or her disposal more technology and tools than the IE of 30 years ago could have ever imagined. oIf a person loses sight of the total job and starts looking at the individual pieces,it comes out a little hairy. oProblems associated with renaming IE departments to describe their particular

23、function may have more to do with appearance than with the actual job being performed. o用英文回答下例问题oWhat is science? What is engineering? What is industry? What is industrial engineering? 22Unit 2 History of Industrial Engineering oCharles Babbage (巴贝奇，1792-1871) nBritish mathematician and inventor of

24、 an analytical machine based on principles similar to those used in modern digital computers. nDivision of labor, labor relationsFormulation of Industrial Engineering23Formulation of Industrial EngineeringoEli Whitney (1765-1825)nAmerican inventor and manufacturer whose invention of the cotton gin (

25、1793) revolutionized the cotton industry. He also established the first factory to assemble muskets with interchangeable parts, marking the advent of modern mass production.nMass production system, interchangeable manufacture; the design and construction of new machines 24Formulation of Industrial E

26、ngineeringoFrederick Winslow Taylor (泰勒，1856-1915)nAmerican inventor, engineer, and efficiency expert noted for his innovations in industrial engineering and management.nAnalyze and improve the method of performing work, reduce the times required, and set standards (time study)nThe Principles of Sci

27、entific Management (1911)25Formulation of Industrial EngineeringoFrank B. Gilbreth (吉尔布雷斯，1868-1924)nthe identification, analysis, and measurement of fundamental motions involved in performing work (motion study)nThis was a fundamental step in the development of industrial engineering as profession

28、based on “science” rather than “art.” 26Formulation of Industrial Engineering oDr. Lillian Gilbreth (1878-1972) , wife of Frank .She witnessed and contributed to the birth, growth, and maturation of the IE profession. nthe first lady of engineering nthe first woman to be elected to the National Acad

29、emy of Engineering 27Formulation of Industrial EngineeringoHenry Laurence Gantt (1861-1919)nAmerican engineeroGantt chart nThe Gantt chart was a significant contribution in that it provided a systematic graphical procedure for preplanning and scheduling work activities, reviewing progress, and updat

30、ing the schedule. Gantt charts are still in widespread use today.28o W.A. Shewhart nDeveloped the fundamental principles of statistical quality control in 1924. This was another important development in providing a scientific base to industrial engineering practice. Formulation of Industrial Enginee

31、ring29oMany other industrial engineering pioneers contributed to the early development of the profession. oDuring the 1920s and 1930s much fundamental work was done on economic aspects of managerial decisions, inventory problems, incentive plans, factory layout problems, material handling problems,

32、and principles of organization. Formulation of Industrial Engineering30Scientific managementPeter Drucker systematic work study31Chronology of IE14941750189019001915192919411958200019901980Computer-integratedManufacturingFlexible AutomationHetrarchialControlControl TheoryLarge-scale SystemsTotal Sys

33、tem DesignSocial SystemsCybernaticsBehavioral TheoryOfficeAutomationFlexible Mfg.SystemsDistributedDataProcessingJapaneseProductionTechniquesComputerNetworksArtificial IntelligencePersonalComputersVoiceProgrammingAutomatedInspectionCAD/CAMMachineVisionOptimization TheorySystemsEng.GroupTechnologySim

34、ulationDecision TheoryInformation SystemsTune SharingTeleprocessingMRPSystemDesignRoboticsResources Mgmt.NetworkTechniquesHuman FacorsLayoutMaterialsHandlingHuman RelationsInventory TheoryStatisticalAnalysisOperationAnalysisNumericalControlReliabilityMath.ProgramAutomationDigitalComputerStatisticalQ

35、ualityControlScheduleChartsPieceworkManagement PlanningMotion StudyOrganizationConceptsInventory ModelsEngineeringEconomyFirst ModelsWage Incentive PlansQueueingProductivityManagementControlsTool DesignLabor UnionsAccountingInterchange-able PartsTimeStudiesDivision &Specializationof LaborStandar

36、izationMass ProductionEfficiency ExpertsGlobalizationHigh Tech.Space AgeWorld War IIDepressionWorld War IIndustrial RevolutionScientific ManagementInductrial EngineeringOperations ResearchIndustrial & Systems Engineering32Characteristics and Functions of Industrial EngineeringoFeatures of academ

37、ic disciplineoIndustrial engineering as a professionoProfessional ethicsoIE functions 33Features of academic disciplineo(1) Engineeringo(2) Cross-disciplines o(3) Manufacturing and services oriented34Industrial engineering as a professiono(1) Associated with a profession is a significant body of spe

38、cial knowledge.o(2) Preparation for a profession includes an internship-like training period following the formal education.o(3) The standards of a profession, including a code of ethics, are maintained at a high level through a self-policing system of controls over those practicing the profession.o

39、(4) Each member of a profession recognizes his responsibilities to society over and above responsibilities to his client or to other members of the profession. 35Engineers TaskoEngineers are frequently involved in decisions that have a profound effect on society. oThe design of particular devices al

40、most always involves the safety of the user. oThe design of the processes frequently affects the environment. oThe design and location of a factory affect the community and its citizens. oThe design of a management system greatly affects the individuals working for the organization their comfort, th

41、eir sense of worth, their financial status, and so on. 36IE functionsoProduction operations oManagement systems oCorporate Services 37Unit 3 Academic Disciplines of Industrial EngineeringoBig five disciplinesoManagement oOperations ResearchoSystems Engineering oStatistics oErgonomics oManufacturing

42、Engineering38Big five disciplinesoBig five:civil, chemical, electrical, industrial, and mechanical engineeringoOthers: nuclear engineering, electronic engineering, aeronautical engineering, computer engineering, astronautical engineering, environmental engineering, bioengineering, agricultural engin

43、eering and ocean engineering39ManagementoProduction management-concepts and techniques specific to the analysis and management of production activity; how to analyze and design productive systems and the control procedures for efficiently operating such systems oThe training of a race car driver is

44、analogous to management education: the design of the car is analogous to industrial engineering education. 40ManagementoPlanning oOrganizingoCoordinatingoControllingoencouragingoCommunicating 41Operations researchoDefinition of O.R.oSimilarity to IEoNature of O.R.oCategorization of O.R.42Operations

45、researchoDefinition of O.R. The attack of modern science on complex problems arising in the direction and management of large systems of men, machines, materials, and money in industry, business, government, and defense. The distinctive approach is to develop a scientific model of the system, incorp

46、orating measurement of factors such as chance and risk, with which to predict and compare the outcomes of alterative decisions, strategies, or controls. The purpose is to help management determine its policies and actions scientifically. 43Operations researchoSimilarity to IE IE and O.R. have common

47、alities. O.R. and IE indeed do have many of the same objectives and work on many of the same problems. The primary difference is that O.R. has a higher level of theoretical and mathematical orientation, providing a major portion of the science base of IE.44Operations researchMathematicalOrientationI

48、ndustrialEngineeringOperationsResearch45Operations researchoNature of O.R. Mathematical involvemente.g.: economic order quantity （经济订货量） Plant location （工厂选址） Job evaluation Quality control Transportation programming problems46Operations researchoCategorization of O.R.Deterministic ApproachAny time

49、random variation is not allowedProbabilistic ApproachAny time random variation is allowed47Systems EngineeringoDefinition of a systemoClassifications of systemsoSystems of IE48Systems EngineeringoDefinition of a system A system may be defined as a set of components which are related by some form of

50、interaction, and which act together to achieve some objective or purpose. 49Systems EngineeringoClassifications of systemsNatural vs. Man-Made Systems Static vs. Dynamic Systems Physical vs. Abstract Systems Open vs. Closed Systems50Systems EngineeringoSystems of IE Industrial engineers design syste

51、ms at two levels. The first level is called human activity systems and is concerned with the physical workplace at which human activity occurs. The second level is called management control systems and is concerned with procedures for planning, measuring, and controlling all activities within the or

52、ganization.51Systems EngineeringoSystems of IEcybernetics Norbert Wiener (1894-1964), American mathematician who founded the field of cybernetics. control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine Claude Shannon (香农), Information theoryThe Mathematical Theory of Communication52Systems Engineer

53、ingoSystems of IENegative feedback e.g.:The most commonly used example of negative feedback is the thermostat. When the temperature drops sufficiently below some desired value, the thermostat initiates the heating portion of the cycle, and the heat is added until a temperature is reached that is gre

54、ater than the desired temperature. Heating is then stopped to permit cooling to negate the overheating. Negative feedback means that some action is taken to oppose or negate an unacceptable difference. 53Systems EngineeringoSystems of IENegative feedback e.g.:a conceptual model of negative feedback

55、in management systems GoalAppearentConditionManagementActione=error54Statistics Statistics has been and will continue to be distinct from industrial engineering. However, the approach of industrial engineering has changed significantly; the world around us is viewed as probabilistic in nature rather

56、 than deterministic. By deterministic it is meant that all actions under consideration in a particular study situation are assumed to be certain. Probabilistic implies that at least one aspect of the study situation has a probability of occurrence associated with it that must be considered. 55Ergono

57、mics Ergonomics previously called human factors, is A subdiscipline of industrial engineering, closely associated with both industrial and experiment psychology. Human-machine system design: Physiological aspects of human performance Psychological aspects of human activities Human interface with the

58、 world of work56Manufacturing EngineeringManufacturing Engineering may be defined as designing the production process for a product. Industrial engineering and manufacturing engineering are distinct and typical complementary functions in a manufacturing organization. Most firms need both functions r

59、epresented in their organizations to be truly effective. If one tries to substitute one function for the other, the function omitted typically represents a weakness in that manufacturing organization that will likely limit the overall capacity of the technical effort in that organization. 57Manufact

60、uring Engineering A typical manufacturing engineering department is composed of numerous technical professionals (mechanical engineers, thermodynamicists, material engineers, computer scientists, etc.). Each professional represents some part of the technical processes in use at that manufacturing plant. 58Manufacturing E