英语完成时的用法

1、助动词助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词注：注：has 用于第三人称单数，用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有用于其他所有人称。人称。现在完成时现在完成时（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词副词 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用。等状语连用。例如：例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you eve

2、r ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my science book. 2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 如：如：for和和sin

3、ce，以及，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等等一段时间的表达方法有两种一段时间的表达方法有两种:for: +一段时间一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three yearsSince 过去的某一时刻过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week 一般过去时态的时间状语从句一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home.注意注意:for 和和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.He has b

4、een away since last week.He has been away for one week.对划线部分提问都用对划线部分提问都用How long have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾经去过曾经去过”某地，说某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人“已经去了已经去了”某地，某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。 He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。他曾去过北京

5、。 （人已回来，可能在这儿）（人已回来，可能在这儿） He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。他已经去了北京。 （人已走，不在这儿）。（人已走，不在这儿）。1.我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book for three years.2.他感冒三天了他感冒三天了. He has had a cold for three days.We bought the book three years ago. He caught a cold three days ago.一般过去时态和现在完一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同意句成时态可以

6、构成同意句结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词换成相应的延续性动词.1.直接用延续性动词直接用延续性动词 buy catch(get) a cold borrowCome/go /become put on-2.转换成转换成be+名词名词 join the army Join the Party go to school Have have a coldkeepbewearbe a soldierbe a Party memberbe a student3转换成转换成be+形容词或副词形容词或副词 d

7、ie finish begin leavebe away fall sleep be asleep close be closedbe deadbe overbe on4.转换成转换成 be+介词短语介词短语 go to school be in school join the army be in the army3.上星期我借了这本书上星期我借了这本书 I have kept the book since last week.4.我成为一个学生两年多了我成为一个学生两年多了. I have been a student for over two years. I borrowed the

8、book last week.I became a student two years ago.5.Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.过去完成时过去完成时1. She cleaned the room.2. She locked the door. now cleaned the roomlocked the doorBy the time she locked the door, she had cleaned the room.I got outs

9、idethe bus left1. The bus left. 2. I got outside.By the time I got outside, the bus had left . now 2. He played ping pong1. He finished his homework now played ping pongfinished his homeworkBy the time he played ping pong, he had finished his homework Discussion: 过去完成时过去完成时1.The structure of the Pas

10、t perfect tense:（结构）（结构）2.The definition of the Past perfect tense: （定义）（定义）had + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 (p.p.)定义：定义：表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。即：经发生或完成了的动作。即：过去的过去的过去。过去。1.在老师进入教室前在老师进入教室前, 李磊擦了黑李磊擦了黑 板板.LiLei _ (clean) the blackboard by the time the teacher came into the classroom.had clea

11、ned2. 当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了。当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了。The train _ (leave) when we arrived there.had left构成：构成： 1. Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, _?A havent you B have you C do you D dont you2. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _ her parents.3. I have watched the game. -When _ you _ it?A have watched B do

12、 watch C did watch D will watch4. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago.A lived B has lived C lives D is going to live5. His grandma _ for two years.A died B has been dead C was dead D has died6. Where is Han Mei now? - She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.A has gone B has been C goes

13、 D had gone7. -_ to the United Stated ? - No, never,but I went to Canada a few years ago8. You havent changed your mind,_?A do you B are you C have you D did you9. How long have you _ the football team of the school?A been on B been at C joined D played10. -Where have you _ these days? - I have _ to Dazhu with my friends.A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone11. How long have you _ this book?A bought B b