主旨题-2017高考英语阅读题

1、2021/4/81主旨题（主旨题（3）2017高考高考英语阅读题集训英语阅读题集训2021/4/82Warm up How many differences？2021/4/83英语考试大纲英语考试大纲 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1 1）理解主旨和要义）理解主旨和要义（2 2）理解文中具体信息）理解文中具体信息（3 3）根据上下文推断生词的词义）根据上下文推断生词的词义（4 4）作出判断和推理）作出判断和推

2、理（5 5）理解文章的基本结构）理解文章的基本结构（6 6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度）理解作者的意图、观点和态度20162016高考全国新课标卷英语考试说明和考试大纲高考全国新课标卷英语考试说明和考试大纲（1 1）理解主旨和要义）理解主旨和要义2021/4/84英语考试大纲英语考试大纲 任何一篇文章任何一篇文章都会有都会有一个主旨要义。有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的时从文章的第一个段落第一个段落，甚至，甚至第一个句子第一个句子即即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦

3、会了解作者希望读者了解主章的主题），亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间则需从文章的字里行间进行推断进行推断。【难度大难度大一些一些】这类试题主要考査考生略读文章、领这类试题主要考査考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。有一定的要求。（1）理解主旨和要义2021/4/85主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事实细节型事实细节型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命 题题 类类因此有关阅读理解题目主要因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种有以下几种:

4、:推推 理理 判判 断断 型型2021/4/86How To Get The Main Idea?如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题?2021/4/87如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题 做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最

5、明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。便容易抓住文章的中心。2021/4/88第三第三:要学会借助文章的结构来把握中要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。心思想。段落中心思想段落中心思想常常由主题句常常由主题句(Topicsentence)来表达。主题句常常来表达。主题句常常出现在段首出现在段首(60%-90%)或段尾处或段尾处,有时有时也在段落中间。同样也在段落中间。同样,一篇文章的中心一篇文章的中心思想思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因也常常在开始段或

6、结尾段点出。因此此,在阅读中在阅读中,我们要对文章的开始段和我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。2021/4/89Howtogetthemainideaofaparagraph?2021/4/8101 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cig

7、arette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?.2021/4/8112 Often no o

8、ne looks more guilty than t he innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearancefoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisapp

9、earance2021/4/812 3 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hu- -rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to

10、 tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales trick is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration o

11、f the goods and the reason for the sale. The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buyer BewareB. Closeout(出清存货) Sale C. Crime Pays D. Buying a TV Set 2021/4/813 4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and

12、 graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another unive

13、rsity.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetail2021/4/814TypesOfParagraphStructurestypeThepositionofthetopicAtthebegi

14、nningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentence2021/4/815 PassageB(NMET2003) Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning

15、reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Li

16、brary is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the

17、 two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so s

18、uccessful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram2021/4/816 PassageB(NMET2003) Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tai

19、ls, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children,

20、 with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens depart