专题01名词、代词、冠词-2022年高考英语二轮复习之语法贯通+题型突破（新高考专用）（含答案解析）.docx

1、专题01名词、代词、冠词L在语篇型填空、短文改错中对名词的考查内容及能力要求：(1)名词的基本用法。1)名词的“数，要求考生具备以下能力：在语境中识别哪些是可数名词哪些是不可数名词的能力；在语境中识别哪些名词需用复数形式的能力；掌握名词变复数的规则的能力。2)名词的“格，要求考生掌握：名词所有格的基本构成('s,of及双重所有格)及其用法；判断哪些情况用名词直接作定语，哪些情况用名词所有格作定语。(2)名词构词法。要求考生具备以下能力：根据句子结构判断设空处是否应该用名词形式的能力；掌握名词构词法知识的能力。2.在语篇型填空、短文改错中对代词的考查内容及能力要求：(1)人称代词、物主代

2、词及反身代词。要求考生具备根据句子结构判断设空处的句法功能的能力，即根据语境判断设空处填人称代词的主格或宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物 主代词或反身代词。(2)不定代词。要求考生掌握易混不定代词的用法，如one, another, the other, some, others, the others 的用法辨析、both,all, either, any, neither, none 的用法辨析、many, much, few, little, afew, a little的用法辨析等。(3)it的用法。要求考生不仅掌握it,its分别作人称代词、物主代词的基本用法，还要掌握 it作形式主

3、语、形式宾语以及在强调句中的用法。3 .在语篇型填空、短文改错中对冠词的考查内容：冠词的基本用法，即冠词可以表示泛指、特指的用法；(2)冠词的习惯用法。4 .对冠词、代词的考查仍然会成为高考语篇型填空、短文改错的重点。在有些语篇型填 空中,对冠词的考查往往不给出提示词。52. (2018 全国 LU,66) I'm a (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 【答案】scientist【解析】根据空前的不定冠词a可知,空处应用名词，表示“科学家二故填scientist。53. (2018 浙江,64) Researc

4、hers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.【答案】weight【解析】根据语境可知，此处表示“体重问题”，故填名词weighto(2018 全国 I ,67) .a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all(cause).【

5、答案】causes【解析I此处cause是可数名词，意为“原因”，其前有all修饰，故应填复数形式causeso(2018 浙江,56) Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.【答案】dishes【解析】dish是可数名词，其前没有限定词修饰,故用复数形式disheso(2017 甲卷(全国 II ),61) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as t

6、hey travelled to and from work.【答案】crowds【解析】考查名词的单复数。crowd(人群)为可数名词，且其前没有限定词修饰,故此处用复数 形式。54. (2017 甲卷(全国 II ),69)This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.【答案】introduction【解析】考查词性转换。由空前的定冠词the及空后的介词of可知,该空应用名词，且 introduction作“引进”讲时，为不可数名词。故填introd

7、uctiono(2017 乙卷(全国 I ),62) This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学 界).has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease 一 the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.【答案】effects【解析】考查名词的单复数。此处表示“产生了一些无心的副作用”。根据空前的“some”及空 后的”such as overweight

8、and heart disease"可知,止匕处指不止一种副作用,故用复数形式effectso(2017 丙卷(全国 111),66) She is determined to carry on with her (educate).【答案】.education【解析】由空前的介词with和形容词性物主代词her可知，此处应用educate的名词形式 education o(2017 丙卷(全国 111),67) She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on h

9、er studies.【答案】.invitations【解析】考查名词的单复数。invitation”(口头或书面的)邀请”是可数名词淇前有several修饰, 故应用复数形式invitationso(2016 乙卷(全国 I ),69) The nursery team switches him every few(day) with his sister.【答案】days【解析】few修饰可数名词复数，故此空填dayso every few days意为“每几天”。55. (2016 甲卷(全国 II ),62) Then, handle the most important tasks

10、first so you'll feel a real sense of(achieve).【答案】achievement【解析】句意:接下来，首先处理最重要的工作，这样你会有一种真正的成就感。介词of后应 用名词,a real sense of achievement意为"一种真正的成就感”。56. (2016 乙卷(全国 I ),61) But for tourists like me, pandas are its top(attract).【答案】attraction【解析】考查词性转换。句意:但对于像我这样的游客,熊猫是其最吸引人的事物。由形容词 性物主代词its以

11、及形容词top可知，此处应该填attract的名词单数形式attraction,意为”吸引 人之物”。57. (2016 甲卷(全国 11),66) Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work .【答案】studies【解析】考查名词的单复数。根据句子谓语动词show可知，主语应用复数形式。故填studies。【能力提升】语篇型填空（代词）The party we held last Saturday was a real success. seemed to have a good time. And the foo

12、d was good. Almost 2 was left. Henry said that he really enjoyed the whole day 一 3 the preparations and the party itself.But I felt a bit upset when George complained about the jiaozi. Indeed, 4 were so salty, which would have tasted much better if I had put less salt. Some 5 guests shared my opinio

13、n as well, while there were a few guests who said they were 6 but salty. I'm 7 of a perfectionist, so ril pay attention to this and do better next time.There were more people than I had expected at the party, and nearly 8 the food was eaten up. I feared the food was far from enough. How I wish C

14、athy had turned up as well, so that she might have helped me with my problem. There was a happy atmosphere there, but 9 didn't take enough photographs. Bob had promised to buy some film for the camera, but he simply forgot to take 10 .【解析】本文讲述了作者举办的一次聚会,大家在聚会上都玩得很高兴，但也有美中不足之处。 1 .We/Everybody/Ev

15、eryone/All这里表示“我们/每人/大家似乎都很开心.nothing/none这里表示"几乎没有留下任何东西”，故用nothing或none。2 .both 这里用both与后面的and呼应:'bothand”表示“两者都”。3 .they这里用they指代前面提到的“饺子”。4 .other "some other+可数名词复数”表示“一些其他的.anything语境表示有些人说饺子很咸，然而一些其他的客人说一点也不咸。因此用anything but表示"决不，根本不.something 这里用something of表示”算得上是.all前面说来

16、的人很多，所以此处表示几乎所有的食物都被吃光了。8 .we语境说的是作者和他的朋友们在聚会中拍的照片不够多，这里用代词we指代作者和 参加聚会的那些朋友们。9 .any这里用不定代词any代指前面的film,表示“一点也没有带”。语篇型填空(冠词和名词)Look at this photo. Lucy went on her trip to the 1 (mountain)! She's really 2 born beauty, isn't she? Well, I'm just telling 3 truth. She once told me that she u

17、sually put cucumber slices on her face, those little greenish 4 (thing). Haven't you heard they say onTV that cucumbers soften the skin, wipe away the roughness and build 5 (strong)? Yeah! They wipe out tight and tired feelings and remove lines and age 6 (sign).As for me, I have 7 preference for

18、 a walk in the open. The fresh air can help me get rid of those negative feelings, thus making me refreshed for 8 day's work again.Actually, keeping beautiful and staying energetic are a 9 (necessary) for us in our careers. Staying young with good 10 (look), we'll be more confident in our da

19、ily work. Being energetic, we can pace ourselves and work more efficiently.【解析】本文主要讲述如何保养自己和保持精力充沛，并说明这样做的好处。1 .mountains根据语境可知，此处表示”去山区旅行”，常用mountain的复数来表示。2 .a beauty是抽象名词，在这里抽象名词具体化了，表示“一个天生的美人，故该空应用不定冠 词，又因born的发音以辅音音素开头，故用ao.the这里名词truth表示"事实，真相”,tell the truth表示"说实话"，为固定用法。3 .th

20、ings little在此处意为“小“，而不是“少”，由前面的修饰语those可知,这里应用提示名词的 复数形式thingSo5.strength这里用提示词的名词形式strength,表示”强度，力量”，为不可数名词。6.signs由语境可知，这里表示“消除皱纹和年迈的迹象二sign作”迹象，讲时为可数名词，故填 复数形式signso.a have a preference for表示"偏爱"，是固定短语，因此本空填a。7 .a此处表示“一天的工作”，是泛指。故用不定冠词a。8 .necessity 设空处位于冠词a之后，再结合句意可知，此处应填necessary的名词形

21、式 necessity(意为”必需品，必需的事物”，为可数名词)。lO.looks本空在句中作介词的宾语，因此这里look作名词，表示“相貌，容貌二为可数名词，常用 复数形式。语法填空(代词)(2021 广东广州阶段训练)The Song Dynasty was an exciting period in Chinese history. At the height of (it) power, the country's population doubled. The fast growing economy and strong support 2 the rulers helpe

22、d the development of technology and the expansion of knowledge. During this period, a huge number of technological innovations emerged. Many of them had significant practical 3 (apply).One particular invention from this period made a mark on the world: movable-type printing （活字E|J刷)一 that is, indivi

23、dual blocks that could each print a single character and then 4 (use) again. This technology finally emerged in Europe several centuries later. The Chinese language uses a huge number of characters,5 most European languages use individual letters. Printing texts made up of individual letters 6 (requ

24、ire) fewer blocks. This invention produced an enormous change in 7 (write) communication in Europe and made it easier for a 8 (grow) number of people to learn to read.The Chinese were also the first to invent the compass, 9 changed how sailors navigated the seas. Together with star charts(星图)一anothe

25、r Chinese invention and maps, the compass made sea travel much 10 (safe).【解析】本文主要介绍了宋朝的一项重要发明活字印刷，并提到中国人最先发明指南针。 l.its考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“在宋朝的国力鼎盛时期”，故用形容词性物主代词 itSo.from 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“来自统治者的大力支持"，故填from,表示“来自”。 3.application(s)考查名词。空前有形容词practical,故应填apply的名词形式，表示”应用，运用O.be used考查动词的被动语态。根据语境可

26、知，每个单独的方块能够印一个单字，然后可以 再次被使用，故填be usedo.while/but考查连词。根据句意可知，空前说汉语用大量的文字，空后说大部分欧洲语言用单 独的字母。故此处前后形成对比或表示转折，应用while或but。4 .requires考查时态和主谓一致。此句主语是动名词短语"Printing texts”且描述的是客观情 况，谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式requireso【易错点拨】要注意made up of individual letters是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰textso.written考查词形转换。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，此处作定语，修饰

27、communication, 意为“书面交流”，故应用形容词written”书面的”。5 .growing考查词形转换c空前为a,空后为名词number,则此处应用形容词growing,表示" 增长的，增加的”，作定语修饰numbero.which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the compass,故填关系代词which0lO.safer考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示”指南针与另一项中国发明星图 以及地图一起使海上旅行更安全”，所以需填safe的比较级形式safero语法填空(冠词和名词)(2021 山东日照第一次校际联考)Acros

28、s northern Africa, the desert is steadily growing. Dry lands are spreading. But a bold project known as the Great Green Wall aims to stop the 1 (grow) of the desert. The ambitious program includes plans 2 (help) protect and maintain resources and fight poverty.Farmers are learning to care for their

29、land and use water 3 (wise), They are also planting millions of trees and crops. The Great Green Wall would cover 4 area more than 4,000 miles wide - from Senegal in the west to Djibouti in the east.The Great Green Wall 5 (approve) by the African Union in 2007. The program receives support from the

30、United Nations, the World Bank, and other groups.The Great Green Wall's trees provide a barrier 6 desert winds and help hold moisture(水分)in the air and soil,J (allow) crops to grow. In time, the richer soil willprovide more land for animals to graze on. More resources will bring more jobs. nThe

31、goal is to create sustainable land management/ said Nora Berrahmouni, a forestry officer 8 works with the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization.Trees and crops have been planted in Senegal and Niger. An 9 (add) benefit of the Great Green Wall is that countries in the region are sharing information

32、about which programs work and which don't. Now, along with trees, 10 (idea) are taking root.【解析】北非沙漠化逐年严重。为了阻止沙漠化进一步恶化，一个名为非洲“绿色长城”的计 划开始启动。本文介绍了此计划的相关内容。1 .growth考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,空处为名词，被定冠词the和介词短语of the desert修饰,所以填growtho.to help考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词形式，又根据语境可知, 此处应用不定式短语作plans的后置定语,所以填to h

33、elpo.wisely考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词形式，修饰动词use,作状语，所以填 wisely o.an考查冠词。area此处作”地区，地域”讲为可数名词，在文中第一次出现，表泛指，又area的 发音以元音音素开头，所以填不定冠词ano2 .was approved考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处应为句子的谓 语,且和句子主语The Great Green Wall构成被动关系，应用被动语态;又由时间状语in 2007可 知,此处应用一般过去时，主语为单数，所以填was approvedo.against考查介词。根据语境可知，空处表达“防，抗”的含义，

34、所以填against。3 .allowing考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为非谓语动词，和句子主语The Great Green Waifs trees构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式allowingo.who/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语, 修饰指人的先行词a forestry officer,所以填who/thato.added考查形容词。空处修饰名词benefit,所以填形容词added”额外的”。lO.ideas考查名词单复数。此处idea为可数名词，在句子中作主语，且和谓语动词的复数形式 are呼应，应用名词复数形式，

35、所以填ideas。1. （ 2021 江西赣州十六校期中联考,61 ） Here, there is a lake island famous for （it）cherry blossoms.【答案】its【解析】句意:这里有一个以樱花闻名的湖岛。根据句意可知，此处应填it的形容词性物主代 词 itSo（2021 湖南五市十校联考,58） Jupiter's mass is more than twice than of all the other planets in the solar system combined.【答案】that【解析】句意:木星的质量是太阳系中其他所有行星质

36、量总和的两倍多。在比较状语从句中, 用that指代可数名词单数和不可数名词。此处that指代mass。2. （2021 河北衡水中学期中,62）Because of traffic jams, can be difficult to travel across major Chinese cities.【答案】.it【解析】此处考查"it is+M/.+to do sth.”结构,it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式短语, 故此处填it。3. （2021 河南洛阳统考,69） The panda's 38th birthday is a big encouragement

37、 for those who devote （they） to protecting those precious species.【答案】themselves【解析】devote oneself to doing sth .为固定表达，意为"致力于/献身于做某事”，所以填 themselves o（2021 江苏南京学情调研,62） rd like to make an apology for laughing at you, and I want to give something to you to make up.【答案】.it【解析】根据语境可知，空处代指该句中的“laug

38、hing at you”,作make的宾语，故用代词it。4. （2021 湖口匕六校联考,44） is believed that washing jeans less often could help reduce the pollution effectively.【答案】It【解析】句意:人们认为,少洗牛仔裤可以有效地减少污染。表示”人们认为”句型为it is believed that,it作形式主语,that从句为真正主语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填It。5. （2021 广东新高考适应性测试，65） You give （you） no choice but to learn it

39、 and eveiy reason to learn it well!【答案】yourself【解析】空处作give的宾语，且与主语You表示同一人,故用反身代词yourselfo（2020 广东六校联考,66） Compared with other major types of tea, it distinguishes itself by （it） refreshingly sweet taste and beautiful silver-needle-like shape, thus enjoying great popularity among tea drinks.【答案】its【

40、解析】此处表示“它的”，修饰其后的名词taste,故用形容词性物主代词itso（2020广东惠州高三第二次调研,62）It all came from an experience with （he） mother when he was about two years old.【答案】his【解析】此处表示的是和他妈妈的一次经历。故填his。6. （2020 江西南昌重点中学高三段考,69） And improved body condition makes easy for you to carry out daily tasks.【答案】.it【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处应用it作形式宾

41、语，句中形容词作宾语补足语，后面的不定式 是真正的宾语。7. （2020 黑龙江哈尔滨第六中学期中,83） Today, China is blessed with spirited people, breathtaking development, a harmonious society and upraised international authority, making the focus, the wonder and the envy of the world.【答案】it【解析】此处应用代词it指代前面的China。8. （2021 湖南百校联考,61） He made a p

42、oster to show his cause and couldn't wait to get started on his walk next day when he arrived home from kindergarten.【答案】.the【解析】根据语境可知，本句叙述的是过去的事情，故此处表示“第二天应用the next dayo（2021 安徽江淮十校二测,49） Du Fu's last years were spent moving from place to place, including two-year period at Kuizhou.【答案】a【

43、解析】句意:杜甫的晚年是在四处奔波中度过的，其中有两年是在夔州度过的。泛指”一个两 年之期Iwo-year是以辅音音素开头的词用不定冠词a,故填a。9. （2021 广东揭阳期中）Later kite flying gradually became outdoor activity for recreation as well as art and has been warmly welcome for centuries.【答案】an【解析】此处泛指”一种户外活动”，应用不定冠词，且outdoor的发音是以元音音素开头，故填ano（2021 湖北六校联考,36） They may be a

44、comfortable and convenient choice, but blue jeans could be harming planet.【答案】.the【解析】句意:牛仔裤可能是一个舒适方便的选择，但蓝色牛仔裤可能对地球有害。planet此 处特指“地球"，前面应用定冠词。故填the。10. （2021 四省八校开学考,66） Dr. Franz Holker said artificial light is threat to our natural environment.【大拿】a【解析】此处threat意为”形成威胁的事物,为可数名词，一般用单数，且threat的

45、发音以元音 音素开头，故用ao（2021 广东新高考适应性测试卷,57） It is believed that our athletic skills and language learning skills are located in same area of the brain.【答案】the【解析】句意:人们认为我们的运动技能和语言学习技能位于大脑的同一区域。same前要加 定冠词the。11. （2021 贵州贵阳摸底考试,68） African music is currently window to the African cultural experience.【答案】.a【

46、解析】此处表示目前非洲音乐是非洲文化体验的一个窗口，窗口为泛指概念，需要用不定冠 词,又因为window的发音以辅音音素开头,所以填ao（2020 安徽合月匕调研,65）Kambugu has witnessed how the Belt and Road Initiative is changing life for better in East Africa so far.【答案】the【解析】此处表示使生活变得更好,changefor the better”使.一变得更好”为固定搭配，故用 定冠词the。12. (2020 陕西部分学校摸底检测,66) They discovered t

47、hat singing in groups played essential part in helping people recover from mental illness.【答案】an play a part为固定搭配，意为”起作用,有影响“，又essential的发音以元音音素开 头，故填an。13. (2020 黑龙江哈尔滨第六中学期中,85) The Chinese people are more confident about and more capable of reaching goal of national renewal than ever before.【答案】t

48、he【解析】此处特指”实现民族复兴”这一目标，应用定冠词the。14. (2021 湘豫名校联考,69) When the fruits are eaten, the seeds inside them go undamaged through(animal)stomachs and are passed out in their droppings.【答案】animals9【解析】根据语境可知，此处表示“动物的胃”，为所属关系，应用名词所有格形式;animal为可数 名词淇前没有限定词，应用复数形式,所以填anima©。15. (2021 河北衡水中学期中,68&69) M

49、eanwhile, there is now a lot of(compete) among bike-sharing providers because of their (popular).【答案】competition;popularity【解析】第一空根据空前的a lot of可知，应用compete的名词形式competition;第二空前有 形容词性物主代词，应填popular的名词形式popularityo(2021 湖南百校联考,64 & 65) I hope it is just the (begin) for him in understanding on how

50、one person can really make a (different).【答案】beginning; difference【解析】根据空前的定冠词the和不定冠词a可知,这两空应填名词形式，故第一空填beginning, 第二空填 differenceo(2021 湖北六校联考,39) Some of the microfibers were found at a (deep) of 1,500 meters, but why they could travel a long distance was still unknown.【答案】depth【解析】句意:一些微纤维是在1500

51、米深的地方发现的，但是为什么它们能到达这么远的距离 仍然不清楚。根据空前不定冠词a可知应填名词depths a depth。?，达到之深度”。故填 depth o(2021 山东潍坊阶段性监测,62) We studied books on forestry and attended various (course) to learn as much as we could about the subject.【答案】courses【解析】此处course意为“课程”，为可数名词。根据空前的various可知,空处应用名词复数, 所以填courseso(2021 浙江嘉兴教学测试,56) Ji

52、m and I first met Tom and Gee in the early days of our (marry).【答案】marriage【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处为名词，被形容词性物主代词our修饰,所以填marriageo 28. (2020 广东佛山七校联考,45) At this moment,he noticed several rather fragrant (leaf) dropping from the tree beside him.【答案】leaves【解析】leaF叶子”为可数名词，根据该词前的修饰词several可知，此处要用其复数形式。29. (202

53、0 湖北部分重点中学联考,69) My best (memory) of Chinese food were when I first learned to use the chopsticks.【答案】memories【解析】根据该句中的谓语动词were可知，此处的主语要用名词的复数形式，故填memories, 表示“回忆”。30. (2020 江西南昌重点中学段考,64) Also, power walking decreases the risk of serious (illness) like high blood pressure, heart attacks and certai

54、n types of cancers.【答案】illnesses【解析】考查名词的单复数。根据空后的"like high blood pressurecancers”可知，空处表示不 止一种疾病，故用名词的复数形式。31. ( 2020 河南洛阳第一次联考,62) There are the annual holiday servings of baozi and jiaozi and a (various) of treats containing bean pastes.【答案】variety【解析】根据空前的a和空后的of可知，此处应用名词,a variety of意为”各种各

55、样的”。32. （2020 全国 I ,70） Data about the moon's composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether （it） plans for a future lunar（月球 的）base are practical.【答案】its【解析】此处表示“它的计划:故用形容词性物主代词itSo（2018 ；折江 11 月,61） One cup of coffee in the late afternoon or

56、evening will cause （they）to stay awake almost all night.【答案】.them【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语，故用they的宾格形式。33. （2017 浙江,59） "She thought I had hurt （I）,n says Pahlsson.【答案】myself【解析】根据语境可知,hurt这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人,故应用I的反身代词形式, 此处表示“她认为我伤了我自己”，故填myselfo（2016 乙卷（全国 I ）,68） On my recent visit, I held a lively th

57、ree-month-old twin that had been rejected by（it） mother.【答案】its【解析】由语境及后面的名词mother可知，此空应该填it的形容词性物主代词its。34. （2015 新课标全国 I ,63）.rd been at home in Hong Kong, with （it） choking smog. 【答案】its【解析】考查代词。这里指香港的令人窒息的雾霾，因此填形容词性物主代词its”它的“，指香 港的。35. （2015 浙江,12）How would you like if you were watching your fa

58、vorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?【答案】it【解析】句意:当你在看你最喜欢的电视节目时,有人进了房间，并且没有问你就把电视关掉, 你会怎么想?it在此作形式宾语，指代后面if从句的内容。36. （2013 新课标全国 II ,14）It9s an either-or situation 一 we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do .【答案】b

59、oth【解析】句意:这是一种二选一的情况，我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼得。 此处应用"notboth”表示部分否定，故填botho（2020 浙江,64） This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then, with rise of science, changes began.【答案】.the【解析】根据空后的rise of science可知，此处是名词的限定性修饰，语意表示”科学的兴起”， 故填定冠词the,表示特指。37. （2019 全国 H,69） When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we