Book7_U3_语法

1、 第 PAGE 5 页 共 NUMPAGES 5 页 助动词【定义】协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。 【功能】 助动词协助主要动词用来：a. 表示时态 b. 表示语态 c. 构成疑问句 d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句 e. 加强语气 【最常用的助动词】be（am/is/are/was/were/been）do（does/did）have (has/had)modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare ）A phrasal a

2、uxiliary verb（have (got) to, had better/would sooner/rather ( than)/cannot (help) but/be (not) to/be supposed to/ought to/used to/be about to/be able to） 分类讲解：1. be（am/is/are/was/were/been）be作为本动词表示状态或客观存在等意思。be+不定词连用, 表示约定、义务、命令等未来的动作或状态。be+现在分词构成各种进行时态。be+过去分词构成被动语态。be用于have/has/had后构成完成时。2. do（do

3、es/did）do作为助动词时的时态、人称和数的变化有do, does, did三种形式。do+主词+原形动词构成疑问句。do + not + 原形动词构成否定句。do(+not)+主词用于附带问句。 do +原形动词用于加强语气句。Never (Only) 等+do+主词+原形动词用于倒装句3. have（has/had）助动词have+过去分词构成完成时态。have +受词+过去分词表示请或让别人做某事。 have +受词+原形不定词表示请或让某人做某事。4. modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dar

4、e） shall表示发言者的意志,包括诺言、决心、强制等；shall用于询问对方的意向。should表示义务，责任等。will用于第二人称疑问句中,询问对方意志或请求。will+原形动词用于所有人称，表意愿。would +原形动词表示过去一段时间的习惯。can，could在口语中相当于may、might，表示许可。Can，could表示能力，相当于be able to。Can，could表示怀疑、推测，一般用于疑问句或否定句。Can，could用于惯用语。Cant help或couldnt help+动名词表示不得不、忍不住。must表示必须、义务等,强调主观因素。need可以对must引导的

5、一般疑问句作否定回答。must的否定式表示不准,禁止等意思。must+have+过去分词表示对过去情况的推断。must+原形动词表示对现在情况的推断。Neednt+have+过去分词表示过去不必做却已经做了的事。dare作为情态助动词，一般只能用于疑问句或否定句中。5. A phrasal auxiliary verb（have (got) to, had better/would sooner/rather ( than)/cannot (help) but/be (not) to/be supposed to/ought to/used to/be about to/be able to/

6、be due to/be going to/be likely to/be meant to/be willing to/seem to/be unable to/be unwilling to ）.have to 强调客观因素would rather 表示宁愿做某事could not (help) but 只能做某事are supposed to 应该做某事used to 表示过去常常做某事be about to 正要做某事be able to 能做某事be due to 到期做某事be going to 打算做某事be likely to 很有可能做某事be meant to 打算做某事b

7、e willing to 乐意做某事seem to 好像要做某事be unable to 不能做某事be unwilling to 不愿意做某事【巩固练习】一、单项选择。1. So far this year we a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen2. The moment I got home, I found I my jacket on the playground. A. had left B. left C. have left D. w

8、as leaving3. Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area invited.A. were B. have been C. has been D. was4. Though we dont know what discussed, yet we can feel the topic . A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changed5. Teenagers their health because they

9、 play computer games too much. A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage6. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He for it for months. A. is preparingB. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing7. The telephone , but by the time I got indoo

10、rs, it stopped. A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung8. By the time he realizes he into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked9. If their marketing plans succeed, they their sales by 20 percent.A. will increase B. have been

11、increasingC. have increased D. would be increasing10. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we each other for years. A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know11. Have you got any job offers? No. I .A. waitedB. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting12. Do you think we

12、 should accept that offer?Yes, we should, for we such bad luck up till now, and time out. A. have had; is running B. had; is runningC. have; has been run D. have had; has been run13. The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I in many worse hotels. A .was staying B. stayed C. would stay D. had stayed14

13、. Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? Yes, I did. You know, my brother in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played15. Population experts predict that most people in cities in the near future. A. live B. would live C. will live D. have lived16. He as a national he

14、ro for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics. A. regarded B. was regarded C. has regarded D. had been regarded17. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front to arrive. A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected18. I hear theyve promoted Tom, bu

15、t he didnt mention when we talked on the phone. A. to promote B. having been promotedC. having promoted D. to be promoted19. Do you have any problems if you this job?Well, Im thinking about the salaryA. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered20. No decision about any future appointment

16、 until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been made21. I like these English songs and they many times on the radio. A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught22. In recent years many football clubs as business to make a profit

17、. A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run23. When I was young, I was told that I play with matches.A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent24. Liza _ well not want to go on the trip, she hates traveling.A. will B. can C. must D. may25. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but

18、 it be rather cold sometime. A. must B. can C. should D. would26. You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You find the book by the title. A. must B. need C. can D. would27. What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?Well, it be bigthats not important. A. mustnt B. nee

19、dnt C. cant D. wont28. She have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt29. I cant find my purse anywhere.You have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would30. Although this sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. mustB. mayC. shallD

20、. should31. Peter be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general. A. shall B. should C. can D. must32. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 33. You be hungry alreadyy

21、ou had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt34. Im sorry. I at you the other day. Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shoutB. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shoutD. mustnt have shouted35. When I was young, I was told that I play with matches.A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent36. According to the air traffic rules, you switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should二、用括号内所给词组翻译下列各句。1. 你最好先问你的医生。（had better） 2. 我们宁愿做出自己的决定。（w