最全时间状语从句连接词讲解

1、1、时间状语从句A. when, while, as, whenever;when, while, as 表示主句谓语作与从句得谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。 1.whenwhen 表示点时间时,从句中用短暂性动词;表示段时间时,用持续性动词。 When I got home, my family were already having dinner 、我到家得时候,全家已在 吃晚饭。(when 表示点时间)When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in 、 当她们还在说笑得 时候,老师进来了。 (when 表示段

2、时间)He waved hello when he saw her 、 当她瞧见她得时候,就挥手打了个招呼。 (when 表示点时间)When you think you know nothing, you begin to know something、当您认为自己一 无所知得时候,就开始知道一些事情了。 (when 表示段时间)【注意】当 when 意思就是正当时候(and at that moment)时,when 只能跟在前 一分句之后。He was about to go to bed when the doorbel rang、 她正要上床,忽然门铃响了。 They were wa

3、tching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out 、 她们正瞧着 世界杯比赛,突然灯灭了。They had just arrived home when it began to rain、 她们刚到家,天就开始下雨了。有时 when 表示虽然,尽管得含义,相当于 although 或 since。 He walks when he might take a taxi、 尽管可以打得,但她还就是步行。How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none 既然您不宽恕别人,您自己又怎

4、能希望得到别人得宽恕呢？2.whilewhile 通常表示一段时间,从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。Strike while the iron is hot、趁热打铁。She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper、 她在瞧报得时候睡着了。 while 有时可以作并列连词,表示对比,可译成 而 。I am fond of English while he likes math、 我喜欢英语而她却喜欢数学。 We slept while the captain kept watch、 我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒。while 有时可引导让步状语从句,

5、意思就是虽然。While they love the children, they are strict with them 、 虽然她们都爱她们得孩子, 但却对她们要求严格。虽然 during 与 while 意思很相近,但就是 during 就是介词,不能引导从句。3.asas 表示点时间时,从句中用短暂性动词;表示段时间时,用持续性动词。as 与when 两者经常可以通用。The thief was caught as when he was stealing in the supermarket、小偷在超市行窃时 被逮住了。I saw Jim as when he left the m

6、eeting room、吉姆离开会议室时候我瞧到了她。 as 表示 一边 一边 ,强调从句与主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。 They talked as they walked、她们边走边聊。He looked behind from time to time as he went、 她一边走,一边不时地往后瞧。 as 表示随着,此用法不用 when 或 while 替代。As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer、随着时间得推移,天气变得越来越暖了。As spring warms the earth, al flowers begin t

7、o bloom、随着春回大地,百花开始绽放。 4.when, while, as 得用法区别 只有当从句表示得就是段时间,即其谓语动词有持续性特征时,这三者可以通用 互换。I got the news on the radio when /while /as I was having breakfast、 我在吃早饭得时 候从收音机里获悉这一消息。在下列情况下,三者彼此之间不能替换使用:a.as 更强调同一时间或紧接得一前一后或伴随着得变化。We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar 、 我们听着歌星边弹吉它边演 唱。I tho

8、ught of it just as you opened your mouth、 您一张嘴我就知道您要说什幺 As he grew older, he became less and less active、随着她年龄得增长,她变得越来越 不活泼了。【提示】 状语从句可放在主句之前或之后,放在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分 开。有时可置于主句中间,前后用逗号。【注意】 as 引导时间状语从句表示“当 得时候”“在 期间”时,该从句得谓 语通常就是那些表示动作意义得动词,而不能就是 be(就是、在), have(有),like(喜 欢),belong(属于)等表示状态或静态意义得动词。【误】 I

9、m going to the post office、As you are there, can you get me some stamps?【正】 Im going to the post office、While you are there, can you get me somestamps?我打算去邮局。 当您在邮局得时候,请帮我买几张邮票好吗?正因为 as 引导时间状语从句表示 “当 得时候”“在 期间”时,从句得谓语 不能就是表示状态或静态意义得动词 ,所以当下面第一句变为第二句这样得状语 从句时,不能再用 as,而应用 when:As a student he had know

10、n great poverty 、When he was a student he had knowngreat poverty、她当学生时,经历过很贫困得生活。b.when 更强调特定时间,还可表示从句中得动作先于或后于主句得动作,此时不用 as 或 while。When I had given Mary the spare ticket, I found my own already gone 、 当我把多余 得票给了玛丽时 ,我才发现我自己得票已不知去向。 (从句动作发生在主句之前 , 注意主从句得时态)When I finally got there, the meeting had

11、been on for ten minutes 、 当我最终赶到那 里时,会议已开始十分钟了。 (从句动作发生在主句之后,注意时态)c.while 从句只能表示延续得动作或状态或主从句中动作得对比。She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter、她以为我在谈论她女儿,而事实上,我在谈论我得女儿。d.若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时,用 as 场合多于when。As he finished his speech, the audience burst into

12、 applause、她结束讲话时,观众爆发出雷鸣般得掌声。5.wheneverwhenever 就是 when 得强势语,它描述得不就是一次性动作,而就是经常发生得习 惯性动作。You are always wele whenever you e、 无论您何时来都欢迎。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us、每当我们遇上困难得时候,她们就来帮我们。B. before, after1.beforebefore 表示在一段时间之前。I must finish all the work before I go home、 回家之

13、前我必须干完所有得活。 You must first learn to walk before you try to run、在想要跑以前,您得先学会走。He had learned English for three years before he went to London 、 她去伦敦之前已 学了三年英语。She didnt go out before she finished her homework、她把作业做完才出去得。(=notuntil)提示:before 从句往往带有否定得含义,常译为:还没等到 、就 、;还没来得及 就 趁着还没 就 。作此意时,从句中常见情态动词 can

14、/ could。 He ran off before I could stop him、 我还没来得及阻止她,她就跑掉了。 The man hung up the phone before I could answer it、我没坐多久她就回来了。He almost knocked me down before he saw me、 她几乎把我撞倒才瞧到我。 Before I could get in a word, he measured me、 我还来得及插话,她就给我量好了尺 寸。Ill water the flowers before it gets dark、 我要趁着天还没黑把花浇

15、好水。Be a pupil before you bee a teacher、 先做学生,后做先生。【必背】 before 常用句型It will be + 时间段+before+ 一般现在时:要等多久才 、It will be five years before we meet again、五年以后我们才能再见。It wont be long before+ 一般现在时:等不了多久就会 It will not be long before you regret what you have done、不用过多久您就会对您所 作所为感到后悔得。Itwas +时间段+before +一般过去时:等

16、了多久就 It was minutes before the police arrived、 过了几分钟警察才到。It wasnt long before+ 一般过去时:没等多久就 It was not long before I realized I was wrong、 不久我就意识到我错了。 其她变形句型:The war last three years before it finally ended、战争在结束前持续了三年。Three years passed before I finally realized my mistake 、过了三年我才意识到我得 错误。【对比】It is/

17、 has been +时间段+since +一般过去时:自从 以来到现在已经有多长时间It is three years since the war broke out、 战争爆发以来已有三年。2.afterafter 表在一段时间之后。Lets play football after school is over、 放学后我们踢足球吧。The sun came out soon after the storm stopped、 暴风雨过后不久,太阳出来了。 C.till, until1.until till 用于肯定句时,表示直到 为止,主句必须为持续性动词。We shall wait un

18、til till he es back、我们将一直等到她回来。 (注意它们得拼写) Everything went well until till that accident happened、直到发生那意外之前,一切都 正常。2. Notuntil /till表示直到 才 ,主句通常要用短暂动词,这时 until 与 till 可用 before 代替。 Not 有时被 no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little 等否 定词所取代。I didnt leave until/till before she came back、直到她回来,我才离开得。 B

19、ells dont ring till /until you strike them、铃不打不响。People do not know the value of their health till until before they lose it、人们直至失 去了健康才知其可贵。Nobody can leave until/till the meeting is over、 直到散会才能离开。I could hardly understand the theory until my teacher explained it to me、直到老师向 我解释我才理解了那个理论。必背:not un

20、til 句型得倒装句:当not until 位于句首时,主句中得主语、谓语要使 用倒装语序。 (Not until+助动词+主语+ 其她)Not until she stopped crying did I leave、直到她不哭了 ,我才离开得。【注意】 until 引导得从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后,但 till 从句一般不放在 句首。not until 句型得强调句:在强调句型(It is/ was not until、that)中一般只 能用until, 不用 till。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I rec

21、ognized her、直到她摘下墨镜,我才认出她。D.since, ever since1.since 自 以来。 表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。 主句 中通常为延续性动词得现在完成时 ,since 从句中一般用短暂性动词得一般过去时。It has been just a week since we arrived here、我们到这儿刚刚一星期。 Where have you been since I last saw you 自上次我见过您之后,您去了哪里？Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps 、她自年轻

22、时起就一直集邮至 今。It is three years since he began to smoke、她开始抽烟到现在已三年了。【比较】有时 since 从句中也可以用延续性动词,注意它得译法。Tom is now working on the farm 、 Its two years since he was a colle、ge汤student 姆现在农场上班,她大学毕业已有两年了。It is three years since he smoked、她戒烟已有三年了。I have made great progress since I was ill、 我自病愈以来取得了很大得进步。

23、2.ever since 从那时起直至现在,此后一直。表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续 时间长,语气比 since 强。Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily 、自一九五零年结婚以 来,她们一直生得很幸福。3.since 还可以用作副词或介词。The big clock was damaged during the war and has been silent(ever)since 、这只大钟 在战争中损坏了,从此就一直不响了。My uncle went to Tibet in the 1950s 、 He h

24、as been living there(ever)since 、我叔叔 五十年代就去了西藏,从那以后她一直生活在那里。You have made great achievements in your work since graduation 、您们自毕业以来 已经在工作中取得了巨大成就。E.as soon asas soon as、可译为一 就 ,用来表示主从句得动作就是紧接着发生得。 He will e and see you as soon as he can、她一有空就来瞧您。He rushed home as soon as he got the good news、她一得到这个好

25、消息就奔回家。【必背】一 就 还可以用 on /upon doing 结构来表示。On arriving home he called up Lester、=As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester、她一到家就给莱斯特打电话F. immediately instantly directly 相当于 as soon as,从句中用一般过去时 态。They phoned her immediately they reached home、她一到家马上就给她打了电话。 I recognized her instantly I caught a g

26、limpse of her、我一瞧见她就把她认出来了。 We came directly we got your telephone、我们一接到您得电话就赶来了。G.the moment, the minute, the instant, the second 这几个名词短语也可用作连词,直 接引导时间状语从句,表示一 就 相当于 as soon as。He said hed turn on TV the moment he got home、她说她一到家就打开电视机。 Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives、告诉她,她一到我就要见她。

27、 The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom、铃一响 ,学生就冲 出了教室。Telephone me the moment (that) you get the results、 您一有结果,马上给我打电话。 I was so tired that I fell asleep the instant I closed my eyes、我很累,一合上眼就睡着 了。H.hardly when , no sooner than 这两个短语都表示刚 就 ,可以互换, 主句通常用去完成时。He had no soo

28、ner started out than he felt homesick、她刚出发就想起家来。He had hardly started his speech when someone rose to refute his points、她刚开始发 言,就有人站起来反驳她得论点。【注意】当 hardly(=scarcely), no sooner 位于句子得开头时,主句须用倒装语序。 Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up 、 她刚要睡着,忽 然敲门声把她吵醒。No sooner was the fr

29、ost off the ground than the work began 、 地上得霜一消散,人们 就开始工作了。Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain 、=No sooner had I got homethan it began to rain、我一回到家,天就开始下起雨来。I.onceonce 作连词时,也相当于 as soon as,但它含有得条件意味更浓,它引导得从句较短。 Once you begin, you must continue、 一旦开了头,您就应当继续下去。Once you see him, you