初中被动语态讲解.剖析

1、初中被动语态讲解.剖析 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态 (the Passive Voice)A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态We speak English.主语谓语宾语English is spoken by us.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态They cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天他们打扫了教室。The classroom was

2、cleaned by them yesterday.昨天教室被他们打扫了。1. 一般现在时：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 2. 一般过去时：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 3. 现在/过去完成时：has / have/had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 4. 一般将来时：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 5. 含有情态动词：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 6. 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面找一找规律(一)被动语态基本用法:当句子的主语是动作的执

3、行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。be + 过去分词(二)被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch-watched2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice-practiced3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-edstudy-studied4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop-stopped2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodonewri

4、tewrittengogone动词过去分词的变化:1. Now English _ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am / is / are + PP2. The lost boy _ at the street corner last night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was / were + PP3. More man-made satellit

5、es _ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will + be + PP主语+be going to + be + PP4. Three bridges _ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been built现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have/ has+ been + PP5. Flowers _ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watere

6、d C. should water含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + PP(四)主动语态变被动语态: (1)把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;(2)把谓语动词变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。如： They make the bikes in the factory. The bikesin the factory.are madethemby主变被步骤:1.找宾语: 即动作的承受者(改为主语)He washed his car

7、 yesterday. His car3. 判断新主语的单复数:确定be动词的单复数. be4. 判断动词的时态 : 即be动词的时态.2. 修改谓语的语态:即be+原V.过去分词 washed5. 修改原句的主语 :即by +主语(变宾格). (by him) yesterday.iswas was1.Tom broke the window.The window 2.She broke the windows.The windows 3.He cleans the classroom everyday. The classroom was brokenby Tom.were brokenb

8、y her.is cleanedby himbe动词的单复数变化:everyday. 1. They will finish the work in ten days.The workin ten days.will be finished(by them)2.They are going to have a show tomorrow.A showis going to be had(by them)tomorrow.1. Amy can take good care of the cat The catcan be taken good care ofby Amy.2. They shou

9、ld sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songsby them.should be sung (四)被动语态的特殊情况:1.在主动语态中,make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to.如: 1) We heard him sing this song in the room. He was heard to sing this song in the room.2) The boss made him work 14 hours

10、a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. 3) I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school. A traffic accident _(happen) just now.happened2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, becomePeking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.sounds3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:The pen _ (wri

11、te) very fast.writesThis kind of sweater _ (sell) well. sells1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, 不用被动语态的动词： (表示主语的自然属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink, The books _ well A. were sold B. sell C.

12、 have sold D. are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed1. Many accidents_ by careless drivers last year.A. are caused B. were causedC. have caused D. will cause2. An official _ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.A. is interview

13、ing B. is interviewed C. was interviewing D. was interviewed3. Today a lot of information can _ online. A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving4. Im glad to find that many trees_ in our city last year.A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted5. Driving after drinking wine in C

14、hina. A. allows B. doesnt allow C. is allowed D. isnt allowed6. Dont worry. Your package here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A. will keep B. has kept C. will be kept D. has been kept7. Its true that Shakespeares play _ by so many people every year.A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. ar

15、e seenCorrecting mistakeCorrect the mistake(s) in each sentence if any:1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?4)Class is begun at 7:30 every day5)His plan is sounded good1.树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大,

16、但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里,扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了;6.用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水. 根据提示写一篇以How to Plant a Tree?为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯。尽量使用被动语态，80词左右。Writing1.树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里, 扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了;6.用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水.be plantedbe dugbig enoughtoo deepput intobe kept straightpush back topush hard with knock into be kept straightbe tied to withbe watered well Trees must be planted in Spring. The hole must be dug large enough but not too deep. Put the tree into the hole and it