animal farm 动物庄园

1、soviet union苏维埃by郭子源mapSoviet unionName：The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics（USSR）Capital: MoscowNational Day: November 7National Anthem: unbreakable alliance (1944-1991)Currency: Ruble The political system: the Soviet systemLand area: more than 2240 square kilometers (1939)State motto: the world

2、 proletariat, unite!national flag Hammer : the working class；Sickle: the peasant class。The five-pointed star: industry, agriculture.Red: the color of revolution Yellow: the light of the revolutionNational emblemthe red star on the hammer and sickle and the Earth: the Soviet tradition the Soviet nati

3、onal motto wound two beams of wheat written in the Soviet Socialist Republic of languages,historyBefore1917: the Russian Empire overthrownMarch 1917： the tsarist government was overthrownDecember 1922: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was established by Bolshevik1991: The Soviet Union finally

4、 collapsedAfter 1991: Commonwealth of Independent established RussiaThe national leaderLenin 1917 1922 Stalin 1922 1953 Khrushchev 1953 1964 Brezhnev 1964 1982 Andropov 1982 1984 Chernenko 1984 1985 Gorbachev 1985 1991 presidentchairmanVladimir Ilyich Lenin弗拉基米尔伊里奇列宁Major achievements:1 Creating the

5、 Bolshevik Party 2 Led the October Revolution 3Create the Soviet UnionJoseph Visa Rio Norwich Stalin约瑟夫维萨里奥诺维奇斯大林Main achievements: the leadership of the Great Patriotic War victoryNikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev 尼基塔谢尔盖耶维奇赫鲁晓夫 Main achievements:1the vindication of the victims of cleansing (purge)”2Imp

6、lementation of agricultural reforms to improve the livelihood of the people of the Soviet UnionLeonid Ilyich Brezhnev列昂尼德伊里奇勃列日涅夫Main achievements:1 the military strength of the Soviet Union catch up with the United States2 Implementation of the theory of limited sovereignty Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorb

7、achev 米哈伊尔谢尔盖耶维奇戈尔巴乔夫 Main events: Give up the Brezhnev DoctrineDrastic changes in Eastern Europethe Soviet Union collapseKGB克格勃KGB () : the national security agency from 1954 until 1991the premier internal security, intelligence, and secret police organizationconsidered a military service and gover

8、ned by army laws and regulations, similar to the Soviet Army or MVD Internal Troops. KGB buildingKGB symbolThe endBackground information1.Tsar nicholas2.October revolution3.International communist movementTsar nicholasCritics nicknamed him Bloody Nicholas because of the Khodynka Tragedy, Bloody Sund

9、ay: the army in shot at a crowd demanding radical reformsThe collapse of his reignAs the government failed to produce supplies, there was mounting hardship creating massive riots and rebellionsnationwide crisis had developed in Russia Disorder in industry and transport had intensifiedGross industria

10、l production decreased50 percent of all enterprises were closed down the cost of living increased sharply debts to foreign governments constituted more than 11 billion rubles The country faced the threat of financialbankruptcyoctober revolution1917“An armed uprising is inevitable, and that the time

11、for it is fully ripe.”1917: the February Revolution“ ended the reign of the Tsars A Provisional Government was installed 1917:the October Revolution:Lenin and his Bolshevik followers seized power set up a government controlled by the Communist Party.THE RESULTCommunismboth a political and economic p

12、hilosophyRevolutionary Proletarian SocialismMarxismThe main goal: to focus on class struggle and motivate the common people to riot. Marx and EngelsEssential planks:Abolition of Private Property. Abolition of Rights of Inheritance. Confiscation of Property Rights. Government Ownership of Communicati

13、on and Transportation. Government Ownership of Factories and Agriculture. Government Control of Labor, Corporate Farms and Regional Planning. Government Control of Education. The Internationaleone of the most recognizable and popular songs of the socialist movement followed with a chant of The worke

14、rs united will never be defeated” Arise, the workers of all nations!Arise, oppressed of the earth!For justice thunders condemnation:A better worlds in birth!It is time to win our liberation,Stand up, you slaves, no more in thrall!The earth shall rise on new foundations:We, who were nothing, shall be

15、 all!This is our final battle,Let each stand in his place;The InternationaleUnites the human race!This is our final battle,Let each stand in his place;The InternationaleUnites the human race!Definition: A classless, moneyless, and stateless social order structured upon common ownership of the means

16、of production Communisminternational communist movement in 1971 Despite a strong appeal for the solidarity of anti-imperialist forces made by the international communist forces led by the Soviet Union, their activities have remained on a low level ever since. it seems difficult even to find the grea

17、test common denominator of ideology in the international communist movement in view of such factors as the Sino-Soviet confrontationGeneral situationinternational communist movement in 1971 1，a political party advocating Communism2，the single official party of the state, composed of those who offici

18、ally espouse CommunismThank you!Purges of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union(1921)Industrialization in Soviet Union (1925)the Five-Year Plan in the Soviet Union(1928)the Great Patriotic War (1941)Purges of the Communist Party of the Soviet UnionNew wordsPurge:an abrupt or sudden removal of a pe

19、rson or group from an organization or place backgroundassociated with Stalinismthe first major purge of the Communist Party: performed by Bolsheviks as early as 1921. About 220,000 members were purged or left the party in 1921. to get rid of the members who joined the Party simply to be on the winni

20、ng side. The major criteria were social origins (members of working classes were normally accepted without question) and contributions to the revolutionary cause.That means Stalin wanted to reinforce his rights. Because the person who were purged by this campaign were opposed to Stalin. the conduct

21、was condemned by people because it killed a lot of elites and had the bad influnce in history.Industrialization in Soviet Union1925 give priority to the development of heavy industry. have a profound influencebackgrounda backward in heavy industry. 2/3 is agricultural product. business was rather de

22、pressed after warAlmost everyone faced starvation and death.Lenin pointed out that the only way to rescue Russia is to develop the heavy industry.So how the soviet developed its industry? Machine manufacturing industry of the country All things were controlled by the government Use the money of peas

23、ants to develop EffectsPositive: Use 10 years to became a Powerful Economics Nation economy developed fast Negative :less development in agriculture lack of food and backward in light industry the Five-Year Plan in the Soviet UnionJoseph Stalin inherited and upheld the New Economic Policy (NEP) from

24、 Vladimir Lenin. the state had assumed control of all means of production, exchange and communication. All land had been declared nationalized,and set collectivization as the long-term goal. the peasants cut production. Money gradually came to be replaced by barter and a system of coupons.First Plan

25、 （19281933）Stalin pursued the policy of collectivization in agriculture to facilitate the process of rapid industrialization; this involved the creation of collective farms in which peasants worked cooperatively on the same land with the same equipment. This was intended to improve the efficiency of

26、 agriculture and eliminate the kulak class of landowners, which was deemed hostile to the Soviet regime, while improving the position of poor peasants. The disruption and repression associated with collectivization was a primary cause of the famine of 1932, which resulted in millions of deaths.Stali

27、ns first five-year plan helped make the a leading industrial nation.EffectsThe lives of people were better than before Education was carried out and 90% people read and writeThe rate of crime became to descend the Great Patriotic War Second world war(1941 1945)The war between German and soviet union

28、 characterized by unprecedented ferocity, wholesale destruction, mass deportations, and immense loss of life variously due to combat, starvation, exposure, disease, and massacres. The Eastern Front was decisive in determining the outcome of World War II, eventually serving as the main reason for Ger

29、manys defeat. influenceThe war inflicted huge losses and suffering upon the civilian populations of the affected countryHalf of these soldiers were killed in action and the other half dead in this country thank youCOLD WAR world patternthe North Atlantic Treaty Organization Warsaw Treaty Organizatio

30、n S.U.s alliancewhat is cold war？cold war：the confrontation, conflict and competition between The United States and the Soviet Union and their allies in the period of 1945 to 1990 at the political and diplomaticThe end of the second world waravoid causing World War broke outby local proxy war局部代理人战争

31、science and technology and the arms race, foreign competition ，etc。 mutual containment, but not to appeal to arms （相互遏制，却又不诉诸武力）Prologue: Churchill: iron curtain speech in the United States in 1946 from the Baltic Sea from Szczecin to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has pulled across the Eu

32、ropean continent （从波罗的海边的什切青到亚得里亚海边的的里雅斯特，一幅横贯欧洲大陆的铁幕已经拉下）. Indirect representation of the beginning of the cold war.Start: the Truman doctrine ( 1947)Two camps: The socialist camp : the Soviet Union the capitalist camp: the United States military group led by: Warsaw Treaty Organization - the Sovie

33、t Union; the North Atlantic Treaty Organization - the United states.Essence（实质）: after World War II socialist strength caused capitalists panicit is The United Statess performance for overlord position （霸权主义）Objective: to curb the spread of communismthree stagesThe first stage: ( late 1950s-early 60

34、s)comprehensive national power had apparent difference, especially in military strength. S.U. not enable to shake the American Hegemonism So S.U. hope to achieve Soviet-American cooperation , to dominate the worldThe second stage: ( mid 60s -early 80s )Feature: the strong expansion of Soviet Unoin a

35、nd the strategic defensive posture of United States . the Soviet Union reduced the power gap with the United States, especially in the military strength. U.S.A.s Hegemony was severely shaken.The third stage: (mid 80s-the breakup of the Soviet Union)Mark: the beginning of Gorbachev(戈尔巴乔夫） on stage. F

36、eature: the United States gained an advantage again,and S.U. was in full contraction.Reagan（里根） came to power ,he effectively revived the American strengththe Soviet Union domestic economy appeared severe difficulty stagnationthe invasion of Afghanistan brought very heavy military, diplomatic and ec

37、onomic burdenGorbachev to focus energy and financial resources to solve the domestic problems took overall contraction trendthe failure of reform led to the collapse of the Soviet union. ended the cold war.After the collapse of S.U.,it change its name called Russia During the cold war, another land,

38、 Eastern Europe also experienced an influencial affair.Drastic changes in Eastern Europe (late 1980s - 90s)all socialist countries in Eastern Europe s political and economic system changed in essence.It effected Poland, East Germany,Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, the former Warsaw pact nations,etc.ende

39、d with the disintegration of the Soviet Union (1991)We can say, the drastic changes in Eastern Europe is the outbreak of the long-term accumulation of contradictions in Eastern European countries during the cold war .Dominant leaders Marx LeninTrotsky StalinKarl Heinrich MarxKarl Heinrich Marx (1818

40、 1883) was a German philosopher, revolutionary socialistMarxism-LeninismLenin and Marx develop Marxism-Leninism The Marxism: the world proletariat and the entire human being liberate thoroughly.Enjoy the achievement of ones own .Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin (18701924) was a Russian communist revolut

41、ionary, the Premier of the Soviet Union from 1922, until 1924.RevolutionCreate the Bolshevik PartyBolshevik Party led anarchism of the February revolution.(1848-1849)Slogan: Peace and FoodDeclaration of the October revolution (1917.11.7)“New Economic PolicyLenins new economic policyRelieve pressure

42、of the workers and peasantsSoviets set up: Russia was established successfullyThe soviet union defeat Interim government Leon TrotskyLeon Trotsky(1879 1940), was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and first leader of the Red Army.Main achievementLeader of the October RevolutionCreate the revolutionary

43、army of workers and peasantsRed Armyworld revolution theory and the industrialization theoryHeavy industry and light industryStalin Trotsky and Opposition Party Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin (1878 1953) was the Premier of the Soviet Union The leader of the Great Patriotic WarMassacreStalins carnageGrea

44、t purge: to expel opportunities and those who were considered anti-revolutionaryPurpose: stabilize his powerThank you Dominant leaders allegorical novella Allegorycharacters or events represent or symbolize ideas and conceptsused widely throughout the history of art, and in all forms of artworkillustrate complex ideas and concepts in a digestible, concrete way symbolic figures, actions or symbolic representation fableAnimal Farm a classic work by George Orwell a noted piece of literatureTime magazine chose the book as one of the 1