全国版2020版高考英语一轮复习组合练第3练阅读理解七选五练习含解析

1、第3练阅读理解七选五.阅读理解A(2018陕西西安地区八校联考)Babbage，borninLondonin1791，wasagreatmathematicalgenius.Hewasanaturalinventor.Whenhefinishedschool，hewenttostudymathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.Later，hegotajobteachingattheuniversity.Whileworkingthere，hedesignedhis“firstdifferenceengine”Thiswas，basically，ahandoperated

2、mechanicalcalculator.Hetooknineyearstobuildapartofthemachine.Thismachinecanmakecomplexmathematicalcalculations.Itsabasicmechanicalcomputer.Babbagedreamed，however，ofmorecomplicatedmachines.Infact，hedidntonlydream;hebegantodesignthem.Theresultwasaseriesof“analyticalengines”whichwereinfactpowerfulcompu

3、ters!Hisdesignscontainedprocessors，controlunits，amemoryandaninput/outputsystem.Thesearethefouressentialpartsofamodernmathematicalcomputer!Alas!His“seconddifferenceengine”couldntuseelectricitysincethishadntyetbecomeausablesourceofpower，soBabbagehadtomakedowithmechanicalsystems.Forthisreason，themachin

4、ewasbig，complicatedandexpensive.ThoughBabbageproducedcompleteplansforthemachine，hecouldntbuildit.Itwastooadvancedforitsage!Itwasnotuntilalmost160yearslaterthatBabbages“seconddifferenceengine”wasfinallymanufactured.ThefirstworkingversionofthismachinewasbuiltbytheScienceMuseuminLondonfortheBabbagebice

5、ntenaryin1991.AsecondmachinewasthenbuiltforanAmericanhightechmillionairewhoputitintheComputerHistoryMuseum，inCalifornia.，Babbagesanalyticalengineswouldhaveused“programs”likethoseusedinthetextile(industrytomakecomplicatedpatternsbuttheywereneverbuilt.Thisbrilliantmathematicianreallywastoofaraheadofhi

6、stime!1WheredidBabbageplanhis“firstdifferenceengine”？纺织)，AInLondon.CAtCambridge.BAthighschool.DInScienceMuseum.2Whatdoweknowabouthis“seconddifferenceengine”？AIttookhimnineyearstobuildit.BItwasfaraheadofitstime.CItsdesigncameoutinhisdreams.DItspowersourcewaselectricity.3The“seconddifferenceengine”was

7、builttoworkin1991.AforanAmericanmillionaireBinmemoryofBabbageCtotestitsabilitytouseelectricityDfortextileindustrytomakepatterns4Whatcanweinferfromthetext?ABabbagesenginesdidntrunonprograms.BTextilepatternsareproducedwithprograms.CBabbagecanbeseenasthefatherofcomputers.DBabbagesanalyticalenginesweren

8、everbuilt.BWithgoldensunshineandagentlebreeze，autumnisthemostbeautifulseasonintheyear.Thisisagreattimetogooutsideandhavefun.Gotoavalleytoseeredmapletrees，goandpickfruitinanorchardorfindanopenfieldtoflyyourkitein.However，formanyhighschoolstudents，thesegreatactivitiesmaybejustadream.Withplentyofworkto

9、do，theyspendalltheirhoursindoors，strugglingforahighmarkintheirexams.Ofcourse，studyisoneofthemostimportantthingsforteenagers.Butlifeisdefinitelymuchmorethanthat.Sometimeswespendsomuchtimestudyingthatweforgethowtomakelifewonderful.Indoingsowelosetherealpurposeoflifetobeavaluableandhappyperson.Toenjoyj

10、usthowgreatitistobealivewehavetoputdownourbooksandpensandlookaroundus.Students，takesomeexercisetoimproveyourhealthtalkwithyourparentsandfriendsforunderstandingandwalkaroundoutsidetorefreshyourbodyandmind.Goingoutandenjoyingthebeautifulcountrysideoftenhelpsourcreativityinourwork.ChinesecraftsmanLuBan

11、，createdasawtohelpwoodworkers.Butifhehadntwalkedoutside，hewouldnothavebeeninspiredbyakindoftoothedgrass.WecouldalsosupposethatifNewtonhadntrestedunderthatappletree，thenhewouldnthavebeenhitbyanapple，andhisclassictheorieswouldnothavecomeout.Goingoutisnotonlyabreakfromhardwork，butachancetoaddtolifeexpe

12、rience.Socomeon，giveyourbrainagoodrest.Stepoutofthebooksandgetyourbagreadyforanautumnouting.Wearesureyouwillgetmuchmorethanknowledgefromtheexcitingjourney.5Inwhichparagraphdoesthewritermakeasummaryabouthisopinion?AParagraph1.CParagraph5.BParagraph2.DParagraph4.6Whyisgoingoutadreamformanyhighschoolst

13、udents?ATheyareunhappytodoso.BTheirparentsdontallowthemtodoso.CTheythinkstudyisthemostimportantthingforthem.DTheyhavetoomuchworktodoforgettinghighmarksintheexams.7Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby.AmakingpredictionsBreasoningandgivingexamplesCdescribingthebeautifulsceneryinautumnDpointingoutthepresentsi

14、tuationofhighschoolstudents8Whatmessagecanyougetfromthepassage?ANatureispower.BAllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.CTheauthorisnthappywithoureducationatall.DGoingoutcanmakehighschoolstudentsgetmore.CWhileJenniferwasathometakinganonlineexamforherbusinesslawclass，amonitorafewhundredmilesawaywaswatchingh

15、ereverymove.UsingawebcameraequippedinJennifersLosAngelesapartment，themonitorinPhoenixtrackedhowfrequentlyhereyesmovedfromthecomputerscreenandlistenedforthesecretsoundsofapossiblehelperintheroom.HerInternetaccesswaslockedremotelytopreventInternetsearchesandhertypingstylewasanalyzedtomakesureshewaswho

16、shesaidshewas，：Didsheenterherstudentnumberatthesamespeedasshehadinthepast？Orwassheslowingdown?Inthebattleagainstcheating，thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem，totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsoli

17、dmeasuresagainstcheating，expertssay，canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalidthatstudentshaventjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.Althoughonlineclasseshaveexistedformorethanadecade，theconcernovercheatinghasbecomesharperinthelastyearwiththegrowthof“openonlinecourses.”Priva

18、tecolleges，publicuniversitiesandcorporationsarejumpingintotheonlineeducationfield.Spendingmillionsofdollarstoattractpotentialstudents，whilealsotakingstepstohelpguaranteehonestyatadistance.Asidefromthewebcameras，anumberofotherhightechmethodsarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Amongthemareprogramsthatcheck

19、studentsidentitiesusingpersonalinformation，suchasthetelephonenumberstheyonceused.Otherprogramscanproduceuniqueexamsbydrawingonalargelistofquestionsandcanrecognizepossiblecheatersbyanalyzingwhetherdifficulttestquestionsareansweredatthesamespeedaseasyones.Asinmanyuniversityclasses，termpapersarescanned

20、againstsomelargeInternetdatabanksforcheating.9WhywasJenniferwatchedinanonlineexam?ATocorrecthertypingmistakes.BTofindhersecretsintheroom.CTopreventherfromslowingdown.DTokeepherfromdishonestbehaviors.10Theunderlinedexpression“cuttingedge”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.AadvancedtechniqueCeffectiveru

21、leBsharpeningtoolDdividingline11Someprogramscanfindoutpossiblecheatersby.AproducingalargenumberofquestionsBscanningtheInternettestquestionsCcheckingthequestionansweringspeedDgivingdifficulttestquestions12Theauthorofthispassagewantstotellus.AwhattheInterneteducationisBtheimportanceofthewebcameratoday

22、CwhenthestudentscancheatDhowtobeatstudentsexamcheatingonline.七选五(2018江西红色七校联考)DoPeopleNeedSmallTalktoBeHappy?Psychologists(心理学家)havelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersisanimportantpartofhappiness，butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderexamination.Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%

23、oftheirconversationrelatedwithhappiness.13Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding.LatelastyearPrincetonresearchersreportedthatsmalltalkkeepsclosenesswithlovedones，andisntmerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.Still，chattingwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.Inaseriesofexperiments

24、，psychologistsgaveChicagopassengersdifferentdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowpassengersomethingtheytypicallyavoided.14Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrejected.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat，madeeyecontactwith，andbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristas(服务员)，r

25、eportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction(易)15Onereportfoundthatwhenvolunteersbrokethesilencetochatwithgallerygoersthevisitorsfelthappierandmoreconnectedtotheexhibitthanthosewhowerenotapproached.16Inonestudypeoplewhowererated“lesscurious”byresearchershadtroublegettingaco

26、nversationrollingontheirown交，andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyweresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure(透露)Butpeoplewhowereconsidered“curious”needednohelpwhentransformingconversationsaboutordinarythingsintopersonalexchanges.17AThesameistrueofgallerygoers.BTheyfound

27、thatsmalltalkisrelatedwithhappiness.CButdontplaydownsmalltalkjustyet.DOfcourse，somepeoplearebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.EA“curiousmindset”，theauthorconcluded，canleadto“positivesocialinteractions”FMakingsmalltalkisanimportantskillforallthesocialsituations.GThosetoldtochatwit

28、hothersreportedamorepleasantjourney.答案解析.语篇解读本文介绍了数学天才巴贝奇以及他那远远超过那个时代的杰出贡献。1C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Whenhefinishedschool，hewenttostudymathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.Later，hegotajobteachingattheuniversity.Whileworkingthere，hedesignedhisfirstdifferenceengine”可知，巴贝奇在剑桥大学计划他的“firstdifferenceengine”。故选C。2B细节理解题

29、。根据倒数第三段中“Alas！Hisseconddifferenceenginecouldntuseelectricitysincethishadntyetbecomeausablesourceofpower”和“Itwastooadvancedforitsage！”可知，他的“seconddifferenceengine”远远超过了它的时代。故选B。3B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Itwasnotuntilalmost160yearslaterthatBabbagesseconddifferenceenginewasfinallymanufactured.Thefirstworkingv

30、ersionofthismachinewasbuiltbytheScienceMuseuminLondon，fortheBabbagebicentenaryin1991.”可知，the“seconddifferenceengine”在1991年被制造是为了纪念巴贝奇诞辰二百周年。故选B。4C推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了巴贝奇对计算机发明作出的巨大贡献。由此可知，巴贝奇可以被看作是计算机之父。语篇解读文中作者列举了当今高中生忙于学习没时间外出的现状，说明了外出会有很多收获，鼓励学生们走出去，去获取更多东西。5C推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句和最后一句可知，作者认为外出是一种增加生活经验的

31、机会，我们会从激动人心的旅程中获得更多的知识。本段总结了作者的观点。故选C。6D细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，高中生们有大量的作业要做，要把所有的时间用于学习考高分。对于他们来说外出活动就是一个梦想。故选D。7B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Indoingso，welosetherealpurposeoflifetobeavaluableand，happyperson.Toenjoyjusthowgreatitistobealivewehavetoputdownourbooksandpensandlookaroundus.”可知是运用了论证的方法；第四段中的“LuBan，createdasawtohelpwoodworkers.W