基于固定电话线的远程控制及防盗报警器的设计及制作

1、-. z.- - - .可修编 .基于固定线的远程控制与防盗报警器的设计与制作*方威*理工学院 物理与电信工程学院 通信工程专业，2009级1班，* * 723003指导教师：龙光利 摘 要为了利用现有的线路对家庭中设备和电器进展远程控制，采用单片机和DTMF解码芯片，设计并制作了一种基于固定线的远程控制器。控制器包含硬件和软件两局部，硬件电路由MT8880电路、摘机挂机电路、响铃检测电路、红外检测电路、触发开关电路、液晶显示电路、I2C存储电路、继电器输出控制电路、键盘控制电等电路组成；软件由主程序、振铃检测计数程序、DTMF解码处理程序、键盘扫描程序、语音控制程序、EEPROM读写程序、L

2、CD显示等子程序组成。软件用C语言编程，利用Keil软件编译，通过后将生成的HE*文件下载到单片机STC89C52上，Proteus硬件仿真通过后，用Altium Designer设计PCB板，手工制作PCB板，将单片机和其它相关元器件焊接在PCB板上，和固话连接，上电，当家中发生警情时, 此时家中设定的无线模块或者其他传感器模块会发出异常信号给单片机, 单片机承受到信号后立即发出现场声光报警信号来威慑侵入者, 同时将单片机自动拨打预先存储在存储芯片中的给主人或者小区物业报警, 以便及时采取防盗措施防止财产损失。通过拨打连接的固定的，可控制家用电器开启和关闭，液晶显示有关，通过蜂鸣器报警。 关

3、键词线；控制器；防盗报警；单片机；双音多频；红外感应Design and production of remote controller based on the fi*ed telephone lineLiu Fangwei(Grade09,Class1,Major of munication Engineering，School of Physics and telemunication Engineering , Shaan*i University of Technology, Hanzhong 723003, Shaan*i) Tutor: Long GuangliAbstract:

4、In order to control devices and appliances which based the line of fi*ed telephone,a remote controller based on the fi*ed telephone line was designed and production by using MCU and DTMF decoder.The implementation of the controller includes hardware design and software design,hardware was posed of M

5、CU minimum system,ringing circuit,simulation of off-hook and on-hook,drive circuit of appliances,decoder of DTMF, LCD,keyboard and EEPROM Cell;software was posed of main program,program which could count the number of ringing,DTMF decode program,keyboard-scan program,voice program,EEPROM reading and

6、 writing program,display program.The software was based on programmed with C language,using Keil C51 for developing program,piled HE* file and downloaded to the MCU AT89S52,circuit simulation by Proteus.The board of PCB was designed by the sofware which named Altium Designer and was welded manually

7、with other electronic ponents,which will be used.After connecting with the line of fi*ed telephone and power on,the home appliances is controlled to turn on or turn off,the password is showed on the LCD,the tip of voice is played when the telephone number was called.Key words:Telephone line;Controll

8、er;Appliances;MCU 目录 TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc327224749引言 图 4.7所示图 STYLEREF 1 s 4. SEQ 图 * ARABIC s 1 7 Altium Designer设计的PCB图2手工制作双面PCB板用激光打印机，分别在热转印纸上面打印顶层和底层线路。热转印底层打印图如图图 STYLEREF 1 s 4. SEQ 图 * ARABIC s 1 8 所示。热转印顶层打印图如图 STYLEREF 1 s 4.9 所示。在打印顶层的时选择镜像选项。找出至少4个定位孔，并将它用针扎小孔，顶层和底层的定位孔要对应起来

9、，都要扎小孔。将双面覆铜板的氧化层打磨掉。漏出有光泽的铜皮。将任意一面热转印纸贴在铜皮上，并用高温胶带固定。然后在铜板上将定位孔打穿并将另一面也贴在覆铜板的另一面，通过定位孔对准后，用高温胶带固定。将贴好热转印纸的覆铜板放在热转印机里面，朝一个方向滚动大约3次后取出，待覆铜板冷却以后，将热转印纸撕掉，检查有没有断线或者模糊的地方。假设有须打磨掉碳膜以后重新压膜，假设无则可进展下一步操作。图 STYLEREF 1 s 4.8 热转印底层打印图将压好膜的覆铜板放在腐蚀液中复制，腐蚀液一般有两种，一种是三氯化铁和热水混合搅匀后可进展腐蚀，不过腐蚀速度过慢。另一种是用双氧水+盐酸+水的方式腐蚀，这种方

10、式腐蚀速度快，但在使用是要注意，因为双氧水是强氧化剂，而盐酸是强酸。假设不慎溅在皮肤上，需尽快用大量清水清洗。腐蚀完成以后，开场打孔。打孔的时候要注意不能把焊盘打掉了。最后用砂纸打磨干净。焊接，先将过孔用废弃元器件管脚两边焊通。然后在按从低到高的顺序依次焊接元器件。图 STYLEREF 1 s 4.9 热转印顶层打印图4.3硬件制作调试4.3.1 元器件的检测和焊接各个元器件是实现电路的主要部件，一旦出现质量问题，或者已经损坏但未发现的情况，将会使调试变得异常困难。小到电阻、电容，大到集成电路等等。在焊接前一定要仔细检查所焊接元器件是否符合电路要求。焊接好的板子，在加电之前，首先要先测量其电源

11、接口两端的电阻，如果电阻值过小则不能加电，检查电路中是否有连焊或走线错误等问题。另外，在第一次上电时最好不要插任何芯片，防止线路错误烧坏芯片。第一次上电以后，测量每个芯片座各管脚的电压是否正常。假设全部正常便可插上芯片上电，并进展测试，否则检查板子是否有焊接等问题。在焊接元器件时，要遵循从低到高的原则，就是先焊比拟扁的、矮小的，再依次焊个头比拟大的，焊接时间不能过长，最好不要超过3秒以免损坏元件。焊接完成以后反复检查，看看有没有连焊的或者虚焊的地方。焊接的硬件实物图如图 STYLEREF 1 s 4.10所示。图 STYLEREF 1 s 4.10 硬件实物图4.3.2 硬件调试当系统的整体硬

12、件电路和软件编写完成以后，整体的系统调试就要开场了。系统能否正常工作，取决于各个电路能否正常运作、电路之间是否有影响、软件设计是否合理、是否考虑到现实生活的实际情况。以下主要介绍调试中出现的一些问题：1模拟摘机和家电驱动电路的调试为测试模拟摘机电路，引出来一根地线，然后给控制器上电，这个时候可以不接线，上电以后将接地线与模拟摘机的控制I/O口连接，听继电器是否有吸合和释放的声音。并观察指示继电器状态的LED是否发光。实际上在测试的时候，该局部电路是非常可靠的运行的。与仿真的现象一模一样。最后为了确定模拟摘机工作正常，上线，测量模拟摘机继电器在未吸合的状态下，线两边的电压为50V，然后将模拟摘机

13、的控制I/O口接地，听到吸合声，而且LED指示灯亮起的时候，再测量线两端的电压为7V左右，说明模拟摘机电路运行正常10。家电驱动电路和模拟摘机电路根本类似，测试方法也大体一样，只是在最后需要用万用表测量继电器吸合和释放两种状态下，开关输出的地方是否导通和断开。实验结果与预期目的完全一样。2LCD1602及双音多频检测电路的调试开场调试液晶的时候都没有显示，以为是电路引脚接错了，然后就开场检查电路，结果发现电路没有问题。另外在写液晶驱动的时候，直接按照时序图，写了读写程序测试，但是发现液晶显示还是不正常，本来写的数据没有写入，在查了一些资料后才发现，液晶是慢显器件，每次写数据之前要查询液晶是否处

14、于忙碌的状态。如果忙，要继续等待，直到液晶空闲为止才能对它读写，也就是判断液晶是否处于busy状态。其次是在液晶1602的第二行进展数据读写的时候，就是以上的问题都解决了，但是还是不能正常显示，查了半天资料也没有弄明白，后来才知道是由于液晶的亮度低，显示的数据没有看到，所以经过把液晶的亮度调亮了就没有问题了。对于DTMF解码电路，在检查其接线没有问题的情况下，需要编写测试程序来判断DTMF解码电路是否正常工作。为了确认DTMF解码的正确性，将LCD1602跟DTMF一起测试。编写好测试程序后，进展硬件测试。对于DTMF解码电路的测试，因为该芯片技术很成熟，在模块测试的时候没有出现不解码或者解码

15、错误等问题。I2C存储电路的调试不知道为什么，有时候在调试的时候存储芯片就写不进了，在调试存储电路AT24C02的存储电路浪费的时间最多。换的芯片很多，开场时不知道问题出在哪里。由于很多资料上都这样写，就一直按照资料上写的去操作，所以出现错误的时候，一直没有找到适宜的解决方法。经过反复的查找资料和调试，发现了原来国产的芯片和进口的芯片相差也很大，在读写时间的间隔上，还有在存储容量上都有较大的区别，除此之外还有耐压值和温度指标等在一定程度上都不能模糊。另外在I2C电路中遇到的问题是，由于单片机采用11.0592Mhz的晶振，所以时序要求特别的准确，在延迟函数上也都要进展调整，在模拟I2C总线对A

16、T24C02读写的时候由于延时不够多，读写数据不能完成要求。后来把延迟加长了延时，一切都正常读写了。4整体联调整体联调根本流程为编写/修改程序、下载程序、系统上电、打进展测试。在进展整体联调时在双音频编解码检测电路中遇到的问题比拟复杂，也是最不好调试的，下面列举一些问题。1输入的双音多频信号持续时间足够长时，接收器视为有效并实时地进展接收，否则不接收。在整个双音频信号持续时间，对于由于外部干扰等造成的瞬间连续，假设双音频总持续时间足够长，接收器会排除这些干扰，仍视为有效接收。2当时开场调试MT8880的时候，由于一些原因，在接收数据的时候会出现乱码并且不对应的现象，如按下1键可能显示的是2键的

17、码，经过查找资料和论证分析，才发现接收到信号时必须滤波排除干扰。完毕语 本系统的可行之处是由于单片机功能强大，其能和各种电路连接起来。在此系统中单片机以它强大的功能引领各个模块电路，组成一个价格低廉、功能强大、用途广泛的智能控制系统。本系统通过测试，系统精度及其他指标均到达了设计要求。相信在未来将得到广泛的应用。在实际的应用中,本系统还有很大的拓展空间。通过此次毕业设计的研究过程，首先了解了进展一项科技设计时所必不可少的几个过程。从课题的选取、到论文的完成，深深体会到完成一项技术研究的执着。经过这次系统的设计，熟悉了对一项课题进展研究、设计和实验的详细过程。这次设计不仅要设计系统的硬件电路，还

18、要进展软件的编写和优化。这些在将来的工作和学习当中会有很大的帮助。其次对硬件知识有了一个系统的全新的掌握与提高，同时也使我认识到软件的编写流程及优化的重要性。这些极大提高了我自己的动手能力和实践能力。 致谢 本论文是在我的教师龙光利指导下完成的。从课题的选取、开题报告的撰写、文献综述的查阅、英文翻译的开展直到论文的完成，每一个步骤都显示出龙教师无微无至的关心，每一个细节都凝聚着龙教师的辛劳。他渊博的知识体系、丰厚的教学经脸和和蔼可亲的细腻品质时时鼓励和感动着我；他严谨的治学态度和刻苦的科研精神令我敬仰并影响我一生的奋斗精神；他平易近人让我懂得了为人师表的崇高；他正直坦率让我懂得了如何面对生活。

19、 此外，王战备教师也给了我帮助，在我调试遇到问题时，他给了我程控实验的指导手册，让我顺利地完成了硬件实物图的调试，在此表示深深的谢意。同时也感谢一起做毕业设计的靳花同学对我的不断鼓励，与我共同研究、探讨、学习，使我从中学到了很多东西。致谢人：2012年6月8日参考文献1李朝青.单片机原理及接口技术简明修订版M.*：航空航天大学,1998.50-55.2李朋飞,鲁凯生,罗刚.基于网的嵌入式远程控制器的设计微计算机信息论文J.知识词典, 2006，5(6)：58-60.3严丽平, 袁可风.基于PSTN 的远程控制器的研究J.华东交通大学学报，2005，7(22)：118-121.4王岚，*谦，阮华

20、莉. 遥控智能远程控制器的设计与实现M.*：中原工学院,2008.118-123.5*立臣.DTMF信号收、发芯片MT8888原理及应用J.国外电子元器件，2001, 12(9)：30-31.6杨为理.现代通讯集成电路应用技术手册M.：电子工业，2002，25-28.7李佳旭，丁鹏飞.基于ISD1760的智能语音计费显示系统设计J.电子元器件应用，2010, 8(6):20-23.8谭成豪，许建明.试述51系列单片机矩阵键盘编程J.科技传播,2011, 17(6)：30-34.9蒋伟，文昱.SPI总线及其在单片机系统中的应用J.科技广场,2008, 20(10)：89-90.10陈振源.机原理

21、与维修通信技术专业第2版M.：高等教育，2009，60-69.11C.K.Das,M.Sanaullah,H.M.G.Sarower.Development of a cell phone based remote control system an effective switching system for controlling home and office appliancesJ.International Journal of Electrical & puter Sciences,2008,4(10)：37-43.12 Justin Klumpp, Leo Wan.Home Se

22、curity System with Remote Home Automation ControlM.2006，1-8.13 Yavuz EROL1,Hasan H. BALIK2,Serkan INAL1.Safe and Secure PIC Based Remote Control Application for Intelligent HomeJ. International Journal of puter Science and Network Security, 2007, 18(5)：179-182.附录A 英文文献原文Development of a cell phone b

23、ased remote controlsystem: an effective switching system for controllinghome and office appliances.C. K. Das, M. Sanaullah, H. M. G. Sarower and M. M. HassanAbstract：This paper demonstrates a novel method which enableusers to control their home appliances and systems from remoteusing a cell phone-ba

24、sed interface. To access the control unit, theuser should send an authentication code (DTMF) along with therequired/desired function/action to his/her home control systemvia Global Sytem for Mobile munication(GSM). Upon beingproperly authenticated, the cell phone-based interface at home(control unit

25、) would relay the mands to a microcontrollerthat would perform the required function/action, and return afunction pletion code that would be sent to the source of theoriginal mand (users cell phone).Inde* Terms：Decoder, DTMF, GSM, HACS, MicrocontrollerI. INTRODUCTIONThe aim of the proposed system is

26、 to develop a cost effectivesolution that will provide controlling of home appliancesremotely and enable home security against intrusion in theabsence of homeowner. The system provides availability dueto development of a low cost system. The home appliancescontrol system with an affordable cost was

27、thought to be builtthat should be mobile providing remote access to theappliances and allowing home security. Though devicesconnected as home and office appliances consume electricalpower. These devices should be controlled as well as turn on/off if required. Most of the times it was done manually.

28、Nowit is a necessity to control devices more effectively andefficiently at any time from anywhere. In this system, we aregoing to develop a cellular phone based home/office appliancecontroller 6, 9. This system is designed for controllingarbitrary devices, it includes a cell phone (not included with

29、the system kit, end user has to connect his/her cell phone tothe system) which is connect to the system via head set. Toactive the cellular phone unit on the system a call is to bemade and as the call is answered, in response the user wouldenter a two/three digit password to access the system tocont

30、rol devices. As the caller press the specific password, itresults in turning ON or OFF specific device. The deviceswitching is achieved by Relays 10. Security preservedbecause these dedicated passwords owned and known byselected persons only. For instance, our system containsan alarm unit giving the

31、 user a remote on/off mechanism, which is capable of informing up to fivedifferent numbers over telephony network about thenature of the event 8.II. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENTIn this system we developed the overall method in two way.First one is that the targeted devices can be controlled bysending DTMF 2 (

32、dual tone multi frequency) sent by user.Another way is that targeted devices can be controlled byvoice messages.A. Block DiagramFigure1 Block diagram of the system using DTMFIn this system, there is a control unit/module. The control unitis able to connect to the cellular network automatically, tore

33、ceive DTMF 8 and will be able to decode for passwordidentification and instructions to be sent to themicrocontroller. The microcontroller 5 within the controlunit will issue the mand to the electrical appliancesthrough a simple control circuit.B. Circuit DiagramFigure2 Circuit diagram(1) for the sys

34、tem.Figure3 Circuit diagram (2) for the system.In the circuit diagram, the systems mechanism has described.Here, a cell phone is connected in the control unit via headset.When a call is made the cell phone in the control unit autoanswered. Then password is being pressed. These DTMFdecoded by a dedic

35、ated decoder MT-8870 (shown in Figure2:circuit diagram (1) for the system).Then decoded output sentto the microcontroller, which issues mand to controldevices connected to it(shown in Figure3: circuit diagram (2)for the system). Device switching is performed by relay.C. Voice Message CircuitThe circ

36、uit diagram for the voice message unit is shownin Fig4.When the microcontroller detects a triggeringsignal from the scanned units, the numbers recorded onthe SIM card of the mobile phone are called sequentiallyand the MC activates the voice message unit. The MCalso sends a deactivation signal when t

37、he recordedmessage is played back. This operation continues in thesame manner until the last call is performed. Thespeaker output of the ISD is connected to the cellularphone speaker so that the recorded message is directlyheard by the receiving end of the phone that has beencalled.Figure4 Circuit d

38、iagram for voice message.D. The DTMF Generation And DecodingDTMF is Short for Dual Tone Multi frequency and thesystem used by touch-tone telephones. DTMF assigns aspecific frequency (consisting of two separate tones) to eachkey so that it can easily be identified by a microprocessor.1209Hz1336Hz1477

39、Hz1633Hz697Hz123A770Hz456B852Hz789C941Hz*0#DFigure5 Typical DTMF keypadDTMF generation is a posite audio signals of two tonesbetween the frequency of 697Hz and 1633Hz 2, 3. TheDTMF keypad is arranged such that each row will have itsown unique tone frequency and also each column will haveits own uniq

40、ue tone. The figure-5 is a representation of thetypical DTMF keypad and the associated row/columnfrequencies. The tone frequencies were selected such thatharmonics and intermodulation products will not cause anunreliable signal. The DTMF spectrum is shown in figure-6.Figure6 Dual Tone Multi Frequenc

41、y(DTMF)spectrum.As the above frequency spectrum illustrates, each tone mustfall within the proper bandpass before a valid decoding willtake place. If one tone falls outside the bandpass spectrum, thedecoder will bee unreliable or not operate at all.The purpose of DTMF decoding is to detect sinusoida

42、l signalsin the presence of noise. In many cases, the DTMF decoder ICinterfaces with a microcontroller. Here it is logocal that themicrocontroller should not be used to decode the sinusoids.Because the typical microcontroller based decoder requires anA/D converter. In addition, the signal processing

43、 associatedwith the decoding is usually beyond the scope of themicrocontrollers capabilities. So the designer is forced to usethe dedicated IC or upgrade the microcontroller to perhaps amore costly digital signal processor.The theory is quite similar to the classical signal processingtechnique4. One

44、 brute force way to detect DTMF signals isto digitize the ining signal and pute 8 DFTs (discretefourier transforms) centered around the 8 DTMF positefrequencies. DFTs are preferred over FFTs because thefrequencies are not equally spaced (in fact, they arelogarithmically spaced). In its simplest form

45、, the DFT goessomething like so:NDFT(*) = *(k) W(k)(1)where *(k) are the time samples and W(k) is the infamouskernal function:W(k) = e(j2fk/N) = cos(2fk/N)+ jsin(2fk/N)(2)It means that multiplying the samples by sine waves andcosine waves and adding them together the W(k) can befound. This will yiel

46、d eight ple* numbers. Themagnitudes of these numbers give the information roughlythat how much energy is present for each frequency of theinput signal. In other words, we have puted the frequencyspectrum at the 8 DTMF posite frequencies. The reasonwhy this works so well is because of the orthogonali

47、ty ofthe sine waves. In other words, this happens if the DFT isperformed on two sine waves as shown in the followingequation:DFT = sin(f1t) sin(f2t) .(3)From equation (3), it is clear that we will get the result as alarge number if the two frequencies are the same and asmall number or zero if theyre

48、 different.DFT With Square waves4The orthogonality concept applies equally well to squarewaves too. In fact, its even easy to illustrate with ASCII art.Let us consider the two e*amples as given below:1)+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1=25Figure7: Waveform Of E*ample1.2)Figure8 Wavef

49、orm Of E*ample2.In the first e*ample(figure7), the two square waves have thesame frequency and phase. When the individual samples aremultiplied and summed together, we get a large number:25. In the second case(figure8), the square waves differ infrequency by a factor of two. Again as e*pected, when

50、wemultiply the individual samples and add them up we get asmall number: 2. If we look closely, well notice that themultiplication is really an e*clusive OR operation.DFT In Quadrature Form4In the DFT, both the sine and cosine waves are used. The twotypes of wave are obviously related by 90 degree ph

51、ase shift.An analogously shifted square wave is needed for the DTMFdecoding too. The reason is that its possible to end up with asmall sum-of-products even if the two waveforms have thesame frequency. This idea can be cleared with the e*ample offigure-9.Figure9 Quadrature Form of Wave.On the other h

52、and, the DFT operation is a dot productoperation also. We can imagine the signal and the kernals asvectors whose indices are the sample number. The vectorscould be very large, e.g. 4096 samples.Signal Strength Calculation of DFTIf the DFTs are puted with sine and cosines, then thesignal strength of

53、a particular frequency is easily ascertainedwith help of following equation:strength ( real(DFT)2 + imaginary(DFT)2) .(4)In other words, the result of a DFT is a ple* number whenthe ple* kernal is used. And the magnitude of a ple*number is the square root of the sum of the real part squaredplus the

54、imaginary part squared. This is a cumbersomeoperation that we would rather avoid. The square root of thesum of the squares normalization is called the square norm.It is a subset of the general class of normed linear spacescalled the p-norm. In our case, the linear space consists oftwo ponents: the r

55、eal and imaginary parts of the DFT. Thep-norm for our case isstrength P(abs(real(DFT)p + abs(imaginary(DFT)p) (5)And this is the same as the square norm when p is 2.Now if p is 1, we end up with an e*tremely simple formula,the 1-norm:strength abs(real(DFT) + abs(imaginary(DFT).(6)Digitization proces

56、s of +1 and -1 OR +1 and 0:So far weve been digitizing to +1 and -1. However, in a realprogram well probably want to digitize to +1 and 0 sincethese are the numbers which are most fortable formicrocontroller operation. The ne*t point is how does thisimpact the DFT calculations. Suppose we have two s

57、quarewaves that are digitized to +1 and - 1. What will happen totheir dot product if we digitize them to +1 and 0 instead. Letf1 and f2 be the two square waves as like below:f1 = -1 or +1 andf2 = -1 or +1For the conversion from +1 and 1 to 1s and 0s: q1=(f1+1)/2= f1=2q1 -1 .(7)=(f2+1)/2=q2 f2=2q2 -1

58、. (8)So, q1 and q2 represent the re-digitized f1 and f2 squarewaves. Now the dot product:DFT = f1.f2 (2q1 - 1) .(2q2 - 1)=(4q1q2 - 2q2 - 2q1 + 1) = 4 q1q2 - 2 q2 - 2 q1 + 1.(9)The last term evaluates N. In other words, 1+1+1+ . +1 = N.The middle two terms require a closer e*amination. Assumethat f1

59、and f2 contain no DC ponent:N f1 = 0(10)0Then the sum of q1 is: (f1 + 1)/2q1 =0 + N/2 = N/2(11)Similarly, the sum of q2 is N/2. bining these results it canbe shown that:f1.f2 = 4 q1.q2 - 2N/2 - 2N/2 + N= 4(q1.q2) - N.(12)Therefore, in conclusion, we can say that the digitization with0s and 1s is ess

60、entially the same as digitizing with +1s and -1s. But a new DC term of N has been introduced and thedot product has been scaled which are the only differences 4.Decoding ProcessIn DTMF there are 16 distinct tones. Each tone is the sum oftwo frequencies: one from a low and one from a highfrequency gr