海洋专业术语修改校对版(共12页)

1、北冰洋 Arctic Ocean 大西洋 Atlantic Ocean南大洋 Southern Ocean 太平洋 Pacific Ocean洋 ocean 印度洋 Indian Ocean渤海(b hi) Bohai Sea 東海 East China Sea海 sea 海洋(hiyng) marine海域(hiy) sea areas 黃海 Yellow Sea南海 South China Sea 边缘海 marginal sea潮间帶 intertidal zone 潮上帶 supratidal zone潮下帶 subtidal zone 大陆边缘 continental margin大

2、陆架 continental shelf 海滨 seashore海峡 channel 陆地岸线 continental coastline内陆海 inland sea 河口 estuarine大地水准面 geoid 高程起算面 base sea level海表面 sea surface layer 海平面 sea level微表面 sea tiny surface layer 平均海平面 mean sea level深度基准面 datum for sounding reduction 海图基准面 chart datum岸礁 shore reef 堡礁 barrier reef岛弧 island

3、 arc 岛屿 islands and islets环礁 atoll 珊瑚礁 coral reef3 海洋科学工程海洋学 marine engineering 海洋地理学 marine geography海洋地质学 marine geology 海洋地球物理学 marine geophysics海洋化学 marine chemistry 海洋技术 marine technology海洋经济学marine economics 海洋生态学 marine ecology海洋科学 marine sciences；ocean sciences海洋生物学 marine biology 海洋物理学 mari

4、ne physics海洋学oceanography；oceanology 军事海洋学 military oceanography卫星海洋学 satellite oceanography 物理海洋学 physical oceanography区域海洋学 regional oceanography 海洋动力学 marine dynamics动力海洋学dynamical oceanography 海洋气象学 marine meteorology海洋光学 marine optics 海洋声学 marine acoustics水声学 acoustics 古海洋学 paleoceanography海洋沉积

5、学 marine sedimentology 海洋地层学oceanic stratigraphy海水分析化学 analytical chemistry of sea water海洋(hiyng)地球化学marine geochemistry 海洋生物(hiyngshngw)化学 marine biochemistry海洋(hiyng)物理化学 marine physical chemistry 河口化学estuarine chemistry初级生产力 primary productivity 海洋生态系（统） marine ecosystems渔业海洋学 fisheries oceanogra

6、phy 海洋生物学 marine organism海岸带资源 coastal zone resources 海底资源 submarine resources海底矿产【资源】 submarine mineral resources海水化学资源marine chemistry resources 海水【水】资源sea water resource海洋可再生资源 ocean reproducible resources海洋空间【资源】ocean space resource 海洋能 marine energy resources海洋生物资源 marine biological resources海洋

7、药物 marine pharmaceuticals 海洋资源 marine resources海洋产业 ocean industry 海洋经济 marine economy海洋开发 marine exploitation 海洋旅游 sea tourism海洋农牧化sea farming and ranching 海洋倾倒区 dumping zone at sea 海洋渔业 marine fishery 海洋资源保护 marine resources protection多金属结核 polymetallic nodule, multimetal nodule多金属结壳 polymetallic

8、encrustation 多金属泥 metalliferous mud海底地壳热流 sea-bottom hot flow 海底砂矿 submarine placer海底热液矿床 submarine hydrothermal deposits海底油田 submarine oil field 反渗透reverse osmosis，RO 电渗祈脱盐 electrodialysis desalination，ED 海水 sea water海水淡化 sea water desalination 海水直接利用 direct use of seawater苦咸水 bitter and salty wate

9、r膜水处理元件 membrane water treatment element水处理膜 water treatmentmembrane水处理设备 the equipment for water treatment蒸馏淡化法 distillation process for desalination海上人工岛 marine artificial island海上养殖工程 mariculture engineering海上油气开发工程 exploitative engineering of offshore petroleum exploitative engineering of gas re

10、servoir海洋工程 ocean engineering 海洋(hiyng)工程地质 marine engineering geology海洋工程环境(hunjng) marine engineering environment大陆架公约(gngyu) convention on the continental shelf地理不利国 geographically disadvantaged state防倾倒公约 prevent dumping convention伦敦倾废公约 London dumping convention 公海 high seas公海公约 convention on t

11、he high seas 海洋政策 marine polity国际海洋法 international law of the sea 海图 sea chart海洋功能区划 division of marine functional zonation海洋法 law of the sea 海洋权 right of the sea 海域划界 delimitation of boundaries on the sea海洋法公约 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea领海 territorial sea 领水 territorial water领海基点 territoria

12、l sea base point 领海基线 baseline of territorial sea领海宽度 breadth of the territorial sea领海内的司法管辖权 judicial jurisdiction over territorial sea领海通过批准制度 ratify regime on territorial sea through领海外部界限 outer limit of the territorial sea 内水 internal waters领海主权 sovereignty of the territorial sea 毗连区 contiguous

13、zone群岛海道通过 archipelagic sea lanes passage群岛基线 archipelagic baseline 群岛水域archipelagic water群岛制度institution of archipelago 群岛原则 regime of archipelago定常基线 normal baseline 直线基缝straight baseline专属经济区 exclusive economic zone 专属渔区 exclusive fishing zone管理management 海岸带管理 coastal zone management海藉sea area u

14、se register 海藉管理 management of sea area use register 海上倾倒 dumping at sea 岛屿管理 management of sea islands海洋管理 marine management海洋行业管理 management by marine trades海洋环境管理 marine environmental management海洋权益管理 marine right and interests management海洋资源管理 marine resources management海域使用法律制度 legal regime for

15、 the sea area use海域使用管理 management of the sea area use海域使用(shyng)论证 feasibility assessment of the sea area use海洋环境(hi yn hun jn) marine environment海洋(hiyng)环境保护 marine environmental protection海洋环境评价 marine environmental assessment海洋环境污染损害 marine environmental pollution damage海洋环境影响评价 marine environm

16、ental impact assessment 海洋环境质量 marine environmental quality海洋环境质量评价 marine environmental quality assessment海洋环境自然保护区 marine environmental nature reserve; marine protected area海洋污染控制 marine pollution control 海洋污染物 marine pollutant海洋污染物背景值 marine pollutant background潮流预报 tidal current forecast 海冰预报 se

17、a ice forecast风暴潮预警报 storm surge forecasting and warning海浪预报 ocean wave forecast 海啸警报 tsunami forecast海洋环境警报 marine environmental alarm海洋环境预报 marine environmental forecasting； marine environmental prediction海洋数值预报 numerical forecast of marine海洋灾害评估 disaster assessment of marine海洋地质勘探 geologic prospe

18、cting 大面观测 sea area observation海洋调查 oceanographic survey; oceanographic investigation海洋环境监测 marine environment monitoring海洋环境监视 marine monitoring 定点观测 fixed point observation标准断面调查 standard selection investigation定时观测 timed observation 断面观测 sectional observation 辅助观测 opportune observation海洋常规监测 cont

19、inuous observation海洋连续观测 continuous observation海洋遥感观测 marine remote sensing observation海洋走航观测 ocean cruising observation海洋反演数据 oceanographic inversion data海洋历史数据（信息、资料） oceanographic history data (information、material)海洋(hiyng)实测数据 oceanography observed data海洋实时(sh sh)数据 oceanography timely data标准(b

20、iozhn)体系 standards system 海洋标准 marine standard海洋标准化 oceanography standardization ; marine standardization技术法规 technical regulation 海洋计量 oceanographic metrology国家法定计量单位 national legal unit of measurement海洋计量器具的检定 verificationof a oceanographic measuring instrument海洋特殊量 marine quantity 海洋要素 marine ele

21、ments海洋特殊量值 marine valueof a marine quantity参比性能特性 reference performance characteristic附加误差 additive error 海洋测量仪器 oceanographic instrument海洋测量仪器的计量性能 metrological characteristic of a oceanographic instrument海洋测量仪器的准确度 accuracy of a oceanographic instrument海洋测量仪器响应时间response time of a oceanographic i

22、nstrument海洋测量仪器响应特性 response characteristic of a oceanographic instrument海洋测量仪器影响量 influence quantities of a oceanographic instrument海洋测量仪器准确度等级 accuracy class of a oceanographic instrument海洋仪器设备 oceanographic instruments and equipments海洋仪器设备安全性 safety of a oceanographic instrument海洋仪器设备参考条件 referen

23、ce conditions of a oceanographic instrument；reference conditions of a marine instrument海洋仪器设备额定操作条件 rated operating conditions of a oceanographic instrument；rated operating conditions of a marine instrument；海洋仪器设备极限条件limiting conditions of a oceanographic instrument；limiting conditions of a marine i

24、nstrument；海洋仪器设备互换性 interchangeability of a oceanographic instrument；interchangeability of a marine instrument；海洋(hiyng)仪器设备(shbi)环境(hunjng)适应性 environment applicability of a oceanographic instrument；environment applicability of a marine instrument；海洋仪器设备可靠度 reliability of a oceanographic instrument

25、； reliability of a marine instrument；海洋仪器设备可靠性 reliability of a oceanographic instrument； reliability performanceof a marine instrument；海洋仪器设备可信性 creditability of a oceanographic instrument；creditability of a marine instrument；海洋仪器设备配套性 suitability of a oceanographic instrument suitability of a mari

26、ne equipment海洋仪器设备通用要求general specificationsof a marine equipmentgeneral specifications of a oceanographic instrument 海洋仪器设备相容性 compatibility of a marine equipment compatibility of a oceanographic instrument 海洋仪器设备 性能特性 performance characteristic of a oceanographic instrument performance characteris

27、tic of a marine equipment基本误差 intrinsic error有证参考物质 certified reference material ,CRM（缩写）海水 sea water 海面水温 sea surface temperature(SST)现场温度 in situ temperature 等温线 isotherm温度深度图 bathythermogram 暖水舌warm water tongue冷水舌cold water tongue 暖水圈 warm water sphere冷水圈 cold water sphere 盐度 salinity1978实用盐标 Pr

28、actical Salinity Scale 1978(PSS 78)绝对盐度 absolute salinity 实用盐度 practical salinity等盐线 isohaline 盐舌 salinity tongue盐指 salt finger盐【水】楔salt water wedge温盐图解(tji)T-S diagram温盐指标(zhbio) T.S.index热盐结构(jigu) thermohaline structure海水密度 sea water density现场密度 in situ density 密度超量 density excess海水比容specific vol

29、ume of sea water 现场比容 in situ specific volume比容偏差 specific volume anomaly 热比容偏差 thermosteric anomaly铅直稳定度 vertical stability 对流混合 convective mixing涡动混合 turbulent mixing 潮混合 tidal mixing 【混合】增密 cabbeling,caballing 温跃层 thermocline主【温】跃层 main thermocline 季节性【温】跃层 seasonal thermocline盐跃层halocline密度跃层 py

30、cnocline内波 internal wave拟置层 inversion layer均匀层 homogeneous layer 混合层 mixed layer ，mixing layer大洋对流层 oceanic troposphere 层化海洋 stratified ocean 冷涡 cold eddy暖涡 warm eddy水型 water type 水团 water mass水系 water system表层水 surface water次表层水 subsurface water 中层水 intermediate water深层水 deep water底层水 bottom water沿

31、岸水 coastal water中央水 central water南极绕极水团 Antarctica Circumpolar Water Mass北极水 Arctic water ; North Polar Water副热带模态水 subtropical mode water黄海冷水团 Huanghai（Yellow Wea）Cold Water Mass长江冲淡水 Changjiang Diluted Water ; Changjiang River Plume赤道辐合带 Equatorial Convergence Zone海洋锋 oceanic front 细结构 finestructu

32、re 微结构 microstructure海面(himin)斑带 slick 海洋(hiyng)湍流 oceanic turbulence双扩散 double diffusion 海水状态方程 sea water state equation海色sea colour水色(shu s) water colour海水透明度 sea water transparency海流 ocean current总环流 general circulation大洋环流 ocean circulation热盐环流 thermohaline circulation热盐对流 thermohaline convectio

33、n深渊环流 abyssal circulation赤道流 equatorial current漂流 drift current 西风漂流 west wind drift南极绕极流 Antarctic Circumpolar Current西边界流 western boundary current 风海流 wind-driven current地转流 geostrophic current密度流 density current坡度流 slope current信风海流 trade wind current季风海流 monsoon current补偿流 compensation current逆流

34、 counter current 赤道逆流Equatorial Counter current 赤道潜流Equatorial Under current太平洋赤道潜流Pacific Equatorial Under current大西洋赤道潜流Atlantic Equatorial Under current印度洋赤道潜流Indian Equatorial Under current上升流：upwelling下降流：downwelling沿岸流：coastal current渤海沿岸流：Bohai Coastal Current黄海沿岸流：Huanghai（Yellow Sea）Coastal

35、 Current东海沿岸流Donghai （East China Sea）Coastal Current南海沿岸流：Nanhai （South China Sea）Coastal Current顺岸流longshore current表层流surface current次表层流subsurface current深层流deep current底层流bottom current暖流：warm current黄海暖流：Huanghai （Yellow Sea）Warm current台湾暖流：Taiwan Warm current 黑潮：Kuroshio南海(nn hi)暖流：Nanhai （So

36、uth China Sea）Warm current对马海流(hili)：Tsushima Current湾流(wn li)：Gulf Stream寒流： cold current亲潮：oyashio余流: residual current流涡：gyre流环 ring体积运输 volume transport动力方法：dynamic method无运动面：level of no motion位势高度：potential height风因子 wind factor埃克曼漂流 Ekman drift current埃克曼深度 Ekman depth埃克曼层 Ekman layer埃克曼螺旋 Ekm

37、an spiral埃克曼输运 Ekman transport埃克曼抽吸 Ekman pumping底摩擦层 bottom friction layer斜压海洋 baroclinic ocean正压海洋 barotropic ocean中尺度涡 mesoscale eddy卷吸 entrainment波流 wave-induced current（wave current）裂流 rip current海浪 ocean wave风区 fetch风时 wind duration最小风区 minimum fetch最小风时 minimum duration等效风区 equivalent fetch 等

38、效风时 equivalent duration波高 wave height 有效波 significant wave 波周期 wave period 波陡 wave steepness波龄 wave age 波候 wave climate 毛细波 capillary wave 重力波 gravitational wave孤立波 solitary wave 边沿波 edge wave 陆架波 shelf wave 潜水波 shallow water wave 深水波 deep water wave 浅水系数 shoaling factor 短峰波 shortcrested wave 长峰波 lo

39、ng-crested wave规则波 regular wave 不规则波 irregular wave 波浪爬高 swash height 船行波 ship wave 余摆线波 trochoidal wave 椭圆余弦波 cnoidal wave椭圆余摆线波 elliptic trochoidal wave 斯托克斯波 stokes wave俘获波 trapped wave 碎波 breaker , surf崩碎波（崩顶碎波）spilling breaker 激碎波（激散碎波）surging breaker卷碎波（卷跃碎波） plunging breaker 碎波带 surf zone风浪(f

40、nglng) wind wave 白冠(bi un) whitecap波群 wave group 充分(chngfn)成长的风浪 fully developed sea波级 wave scale 波峰线 wave crest line海浪谱 ocean wave spectrum 方向波谱 directional wave spectrum海浪反射 ocean wave reflection 海浪折射 ocean wave refraction海浪绕射 ocean wave diffraction 涌浪 swell先行涌 forerunner 潮汐 tide 潮位 tide level 高潮

41、high water (HW) 低潮 low water (LW)潮差 tidal range 涨潮 flood 落潮 ebb大潮 spring tides 小潮 neap tides 双高潮 double flood双低潮 double ebb 平潮 still tide 停朝 water stand潮升 tidal rise 引潮力 tide-generating force引潮势 tidal potential 天文潮： HYPERLINK app:ds:astronomical tide astronomical tide假想天体：fictitious body 平衡潮：equilib

42、rium tide分潮： HYPERLINK app:ds:海洋 tidal component tidal component HYPERLINK app:ds: tidal constituent tidal constituent 半日潮：semi-diurnal tide全日潮：diurnal tide 太阴潮：lunar tide 太阳潮：solar tide回归潮：tropic tide 分点潮：equinoctial tide 潮龄：tide age分潮日：constituent day 分潮时：constituent hour太阴潮间隙：lunar tide interval

43、倍潮：overtide复合潮：compound tide 辐射潮：radiational tide混合潮：mixed tide 日不等【现象】：diurnal inequality潮流 tidal current 旋转流 rotary current往复流 alternating current 转流 turn of tidal current潮余流 tide-induced residual current 潮流椭圆 current ellipse潮波 tidal wave 旋转潮波系统 amphidromic system,amphidrome无潮点amphidromic point 内潮

44、 internal tide 假潮 seiche 涌潮 tidal bore 钱塘江涌潮 qiantang reiver tidal bore同潮图 cotidal chart 潮能 tidal energy气象潮 meteorological tide 风暴潮 storm surge海啸 tsunami 异常水位 anomalous sea level平均(pngjn)海面 mean sea level 海面(himin) sea level海图(hit)基准面 datum of chart 潮汐基准面 tidal datum半潮面 half-tide level 潮汐调和分析 harmon

45、ic analysis of tide潮汐调和常数 harmonic constants of tide潮汐非调和常数 nonharmonic constant of tide 潮汐表 tide tables最高天文潮位 highest astronomical tide(HAT)最低天文潮位 lowest astronomical tide(LAT) 海冰 sea ice陆源冰 ice of land origin 固定冰 fast ice 流冰 pack ice浮冰 floating ice 浮冰群 floating ice massif 岸冰 shore ice冰脚 ice foot 底

46、座冰 ground ice 锚冰 anchor ice初生冰 new ice 冰壳 ice rind 莲叶冰 pancake ice尼罗冰 nilas ice 初期冰 young ice 一年冰 first-year ice老年冰 old ice 冰期 ice cover 海冰密集度 ice concentration冰缘线 ice edge 裸冰 bare ice 雪盖冰 snow covered ice平整冰 level ice 变形冰 deformed ice 重叠冰 rafted ice堆积冰 hummocked ice 冰丘 hummock 冰脊 ridge冰原 ice field 碎冰 brash ice 冰间水道 lead，lane冰间湖 polynya 冰架 ice sh