BEC剑桥商务英语资料：高级写作词汇分册

1、PAGE 写作部分BEC HIGHER写作部分主要涉及商业信函和图表写作两部分的内容，现具体介绍如下：商业信函第一章 格式问题1. 格式问题：请同学们在BEC的写作中采用平头式的写法。收信人的姓名和地址置于信纸的左上方地址、称呼和结束礼词后没有标点符号日期在右上方段落从定格开始，段落之间的行距为两行（但在考试中由于受答题卡限制，请同学们酌情考虑）写信人的名字和头衔在签名下方2. 称呼和结束礼词的注意事项：称呼的写法遵循下列原则：Dear Sir or Madam写信给某一公司，不确定具体的收信人Dear Sir对男士，但是你不知道他的具体姓名Dear Madam对女士，但是你不知道他的具体姓名

2、Dear Mr Smith对男士Dear Ms Smith对已婚或未婚的女士Dear Mrs Smith对已婚女士Dear Miss Smith对未婚女士Dear John (此处John 为英语中常用男名)对朋友或你比较熟悉的人（通常为多年生意伙伴）称呼与结束礼词存在对应的关系，请同学们特别注意：Dear Sir or MadamYours faithfullyDear Mr/Ms/Mrs/Miss SmithYours sincerelyDear JohnBest wishes以下均为错误用法：Dear Mr John Dear Mr John Smith3. 日期：在英国英语中，天在前，

3、但是在美国英语中，月份在前。所以某些特别的时期容易引起误解。例如：12 06 2003在英国指的是：6月21日在美国指的是：12月6日因此日期要写成：12 June 2003 注释：在bec考试中同学们可以采用恩波所推荐的用法。但是12 06 2003 的用法仍然是可以使用的，因为bec为英版考试。在使用恩波推荐的用法时，要记住月份使用大些字母开头。天后不必写th、rd、nd或者st。第二章 写法问题预备参加bec考试的同学们由于缺乏商务写作的实际经验，对于写作部分都比较郁闷。恩波结合历年考试实际，为大家准备了15类共计50个经典的实战句型，供大家在考场上使用。我们对每一个句型都模拟了一种环境

4、：1. 信件的开头：We are writing to enquire aboutWe are writing in connection withWe are interested in and we would like to know环境：You want to know the prices of some air conditioners.We are interested in your air conditioner and we would like to know the prices of some air conditioners.You saw an advertise

5、ment in the newspaper yesterday and you want further information.We are writing in connection with the advertisement in the newspaper yesterday.You want to know if the company you are writing to organizes holidays to Africa.We are writing to inquire about the holidays to Africa that your company org

6、anizes.2. 回信的开头：Thank you for your letter of (date)We have received your letter of (date)asking if enquiring about enclosing concerning 环境：A company wrote to you on 23 July. They wanted to know if you sell photocopiers.Thank you for your letter of 23 July, asking if we sell photocopiers.A man wrote

7、to you on 18 December. He wanted employment with your company. He also sent his curriculum vitae.We have received your letter of 18 December, enclosing your curriculum vitae.A company sent you a fax on 3 June. They wanted to know if you were going to the marketing conference in London.Thank you for

8、your fax of 3 June, asking if I was going to the marketing conference in London. A woman telephoned you this morning. She wanted to know if her order No. 599 had arrived. Thank you for your telephone call this morning concerning the order No. 599.3. 信件的结尾：一般结尾：I look forward to receiving your reply/

9、order/products/ect.Looking forward to hearing from you.如果你在信件中提供了信息：I hope that this information will help you.Please contact me if you need any further information.Please feel free to contact me if you have any further questions.Please let me know if you need any further information.4. 引入主题：With re

10、ference to Further to With regard to I am writing in connection with 注：引入主题的句子可以被写在信件的开头，但with regard to 不能用于信件的开头。环境：(how would you start a letter about each of the following?)an invoice (No. 679) for a photocopierWith reference to Invoice No. 679, we regret to tell you that the product arrived in

11、bad condition. a meeting you had with the addressee on Jan. 16thFurther to the meeting on 16 January, I am delighted to tell you that we are now able to give you a special offer for our Peach Series computer.an advertisement in the times newspaperI am writing in connection with the advertisement in

12、the times newspaper yesterday.an application for a post as secretary in your companyI am writing in connection with your application for a post as secretary in our company.a fax order for six computers that you received todaywith reference to your fax order for six computer, I regret to tell you tha

13、t they are out of stock at present.5. 告知好、坏消息：好消息：I ampleaseddelightedhappytotellinformadviseyou that 坏消息：Iregretam sorrytotell informadviseyou that We regret that 环境：（complete these sentences using phrases for referring and giving good or bad news.）a. _ your order for some cupboards, _ we have had

14、to increase the price.b. _ your application for a post as secretary, _ that we would like you to start work as soon as possible. c. _ your application for a post as secretary, _ that you were not successful.d. _ our telephone conversation this morning, _ that your car is now ready for you to collect

15、. 6. 说明你所能做的和不能做的：We are unable to We are able to We have been forced to 环境：You cannot lower your prices.We regret that we are unable to reduce out prices.You have had to raise your prices because the government has increased the sales tax.We have been forced to raise our prices because the governme

16、nt has increased the sales tax.However, you can give them a discount of 5% if their order is for more than $8,000.We are able to give you a discount of 5% if your order is more than $8,000.With regard to their second question, you cannot accept payment in Egyptian pounds but you can accept US dollar

17、s or Euros. We are sorry that we are unable to accept payments in Egyptian pounds but we are able to accept US dollars or Euros.7. 说明原因：This is owing to due to a result of because of 注：owing to 通常用于不好的消息。如果想在原因中使用动词，请加上the fact that的从句。环境：increase prices fall of the dollarWe have been force to incre

18、ase our prices. This is owing to the fall of the dollar.Delay the delivery of the goods strike by airline pilotsWe have been forced to delay the delivery of the goods. This is owing to the strike by airline pilots.Increase all salaries by 10% rise in salesWe are able to increase all salaries by 10%.

19、 This is the result of a big rise in sales.Cut all salaries by 10% fall in salesWe have been forced to cut all salaries by 10%. This is due to the fact that there has been a fall in sales in the past ten months.Cannot deliver your new order we have not received your payment fro the last orderWe regr

20、et that we are unable to deliver your new order immediately. This is owing to the fact that we have not received your payment for the last order.Cancel the meeting a lot of staff have been illWe have been forced to cancel the meeting. This is because some members of our staff have been ill.8. 请求采取行动

21、：Please could you We would be grateful if you could We would be appreciate it if you could as soon as possible.without delay.immediately.注：please could you 是最直接的方式。在要求一些一般性的事情时，可以使用这种表达。环境：You have seen an advertisement in the newspaper for a post as office manger. You want an application form.I wou

22、ld appreciate it if you could send me an application form.The photocopier in your office has broken down. You want to have it repaired, quickly.We would be grateful if you could send a repairman to fix our photocopier as soon as possible.You have moved your office and you want the post office to for

23、ward your letters to your new address.Please could you forward my letters to my new address.You want the telephone company to put another telephone in your office. You need it urgently.We would appreciate it if you could put another telephone in our office immediately.You have written to a company a

24、nd you want them to reply quickly.I would be grateful if you could give us a reply quickly.9. 抱歉：We must apologize for We apologize for We are extremely sorry for 注：以上句型后请使用动词ing形式。以上句型中的for可以换成that，然后用从句表达。一般来说，解释产生问题的原因，然后在信的结尾处再次表达歉意。再次抱歉：Please accept our apologies once again.We hope that this h

25、as not caused you any inconvenience.With apologies once again.10. 要求提供信息：Please could youWe would be grateful if you couldWe would appreciate it if you couldgive us further details about .inform us (about/if) let us know ( about/if ) We would like to know ( about/if ) 注：如果需要特别重要的信息，可以在以上句型前使用：in par

26、ticular。环境：You wrote a letter to someone and they havent replied. You want to know if they received the letter. We would be grateful if you could let us know if the letter has reached you.A businessman is going to your country. He wants you to get a visa for him. You need all the details about his p

27、assport (his nationality, date of birth, where his passport was issued, and when it expires).Please could you give details about your passport. I would like to know your nationality, date of birth, where your passport was issued and when it expires.You want to know about the same businessmans flight

28、 (flight number, date and time of arrival).In particular, I would like to know your flight number, date and time of arrival.11. 轻度抱怨：Unfortunately, + 表示 something is wrong 的句子环境：A company has sent you a bill for the wrong goods.Unfortunately you sent us a bill for the wrong goods. Please could you s

29、end us a correct bill as soon as possible.Your new photocopier has broken down. You have to write to the company who sold it to you.Unfortunately our new photocopier has broken down. Please could you send a repairman to fix it for us as soon as possible.Two temporary secretaries do not speak English

30、. You have to write to the agency who sent them to you.Unfortunately two temporary secretaries you recommended to us do not speak English. We would be grateful if you could recommend two more who could speak English.You keep receiving letters for someone else. You have to write to the post office.Un

31、fortunately I keep receiving letters for someone else. Please could you make the address clear before you deliver letters every day.12. 提醒某人对某事的注意：I should like to draw your attention to (the fact that)I should like to point out that 如果你提醒的事情对方已经知道（你想表达你的生气）：I should like to remind you thatI hope th

32、at it is not necessary to remind you that 环境：One of your staff keeps parking his car in front of the main door, the space which is reserved for the MD.I should like to remind you that the space in front of the main door is reserved for the MD.Someone is interested in purchasing a large quantity of y

33、our simplex cameras. Tell him about 25% discount for large orders.I should like t draw your attention to the fact that we offer about 25% discount for larger orders.One of your staff arrives half an hour late for work every day. (She should start at 9.30.)I hope that it is not necessary to remind yo

34、u that work start at 9: 30 every day.Someone is interested in your products. Tell him that you guarantee that your prices are the largest in the country.I should like to point out that we guarantee that all prices are the lowest in the country.13. 要求某人采取行动：We must insist that DO （DO指动词原型）注：请注意这一句型和句

35、型8的区别。环境：We must insist that you deliver the goods immediately.14. 警告：UnlessIf(not)We will be forced to 环境：(What warnings would you give these people?)A company that has not paid your billUnless you pay the bill, we will be forced to take legal actions.Another company that is using your companys car

36、 parkIf you do not move your car away from our park, we will be forced to turn to the police.An employee who always arrives late for workUnless you come to work on time, we will be forced to fire you.A builder who has left a lot of their tools in your officeIf you do not take your tools from our off

37、ice, we will be forced to throw them away.15. 强烈抱怨：注：强烈抱怨遵循以下步骤：a. 阐述发生的问题：it is now over nine months since we placed this order and we are still waiting for the cabinets.b. 使用句型12：I should like to point out that we have already paid for these cabinets.c. 使用句型 13：we must insist that you deliver them

38、 immediately.d. 使用句型14：unless we hear from you within 7 days we will take legal action.第三章 写作后的检查（包括图表写作）检查的四个主要方面：1.标点符号：完全禁用的符号：“” 。2.拼写：双写辅音y改成复数3.语法：主谓一致冠词次序介词时态漏词4.可能导致信息表达不清的因素：太长的段落太长的句子运用不常使用的词汇一次包含太多的信息信息不完整信息顺序混乱图表作文对于线性图表的描述上升1. 对于上升趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to increaseto go upto riseto growt

39、o jumpto leapto soarto shootto pick upb. 可以使用的名词：an increasea growtha jumpa soaran upward trend2. 对于上升到某个位置的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词to具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词tothe peak of具体数据。c. 1. a. 中的动词reaching the peak of +具体数据。d. 1. a. 中的动词reaching + 具体数据。e. to peak at 具体数据f. to climb to + 具体数据3. 对于上升的程度的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词by

40、具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词副词。（见下降1. 对于下降趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to fallto decreaseto go downto slideto collapseto declineto dropb. 可以使用的名词：a collapsea decreasea falla declinea drop2. 对于下降到某个位置的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词to具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词tothe bottom of具体数据。c. 1. a. 中的动词reaching the bottom of +具体数据。d. 1. a. 中的动词reachi

41、ng + 具体数据。3. 对于下降程度的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词by 具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词副词。对于平稳的趋势的描述，可以使用的动词或动词词组：to hardly changeto have little changeto keep steadyto level offto remain constantto stay the same表示程度的副词：1. 程度较大：considerablydramaticallygreatlymarkedlyobviouslyquicklyrapidlysharplysignificantlysuddenly2. 程度较小：sligh

42、tlygraduallyslowlysteadily时间的嵌入嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：infromtobetween.andduringandat the start of by the end of over at the end of throughout 时间s + 具体数据上升和下降趋势的组合描述（嵌入了时间和程度之后）：1. 先上升后下降的句型： increased slowly during and but fell sharply in .A steady fall in during and followed the sharp increase in .2. 先下降

43、后上升的句型： fell before began to make a recovery continue the recovery, climbing to dropped during but increased again in fell and then pick up during collapsed before rising to at the end of 3. 起伏波动的句型： fluctuated sharply all through 4. 波动不大的句型： hardly changed through the period between and 柱状图形的描述转换为线

44、形图形的描述饼状图形的描述对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型： % the is/has/have/are accounts for % of the total takes up % in the whole chart趋势的比较1. 表示相似的句型 (实例) ：Both share prices rose sharply in January.Neither company has made a profit yet.Like X, Y fell in June.X rose just as sharply as Y.2. 表示差异的句型（实例）：X fell sharply whereas/

45、while Y remained steady.X fell quickly compared to Y.Unlike Y, X rose by 10%.X rose far more dramatically than Y.3. 表示倍数的句型：the doubled/tripled in compared with those in 4. 客观比较的句型： is in contrast to 数据的修饰1. 表示不足的词或词组：up tobelowunderalmostnearly2. 表示超过的词或词组：overmore thanjust over3. 表示大约的词：about学生用书词

46、汇总结Unit One aManagement consultancy: 管理顾问Pie chart 馅饼图Feedback 反馈信息Schedule 制定计划Comply 遵从按照别人的命令、要求、规矩或希望去做Specify 详细说明Workset Allocate 分配，配给，分派为特定目的而拨出；指定Replace 取代Static 固定的 static jobDynamic (工作)效率高的Short-term 短期的Interpret 解释Approach v.tr 着手开始处理或工作Make up 组成Abreast adv. 并肩地, 并排地 （keep abreast of

47、随时了解）Assess 评价；评估Performance 表现；业绩；Re-align 重新调整；采用新的工作安排Prescribed 指定的Specification 详细说明书；规格Initiate 开始展开最初的工作；开始Peak occupancy 客流高峰时宾馆饭店的住房率Incidental 附带的Undertaking n. 任务；承担的任务；事业Revise 修正, 修改Managerial adj.管理的Leisure group 娱乐业公司Recommend推荐, 介绍Perception （对于某事物的）理解，见解，看法Assign分配, 指派Motivate激励Expe

48、ctation期望（指商业活动中的既定目标）Explicitly明白地, 明确地Staff全体职员，员工In terms of根据, 按照, 用.的话, 在.方面Compatible谐调的, 一致的, 兼容的In-company training 企业内部的培训（通常以在职的方式进行）Behavioral Attribute某人某物的属性或特征Applicant请求人, 申请人; 报名者Screen初选，遴选（一种初步的审查和筛选人员的程序，以决定他们是否适应某一特定工作）Unit One bCompetitive 竞争的Marrywith 将与相结合Start-up （项目的）启动；（公司或

49、企业的）创建Hierarchical等级制度的Entrepreneurial 与企业有关的Responsive （常与to连用）反应的；表示回答的；易反应的Ever-increasing 前所未有的Sizeable相当大的, 大的ResponsivenessInherent固有的, 内在的Define定义, 详细说明Standardization标准化Sequential连续的, 有顺序的Authority （上级赋予下级的）职权Motivation （促使员工工作的）动力Hamper妨碍, 牵制Flexibility弹性；灵活性Complex复杂的Complexity复杂(性)Co-ordi

50、nate（使）互相配合；（使）协调， 调整Fast-cycle （经营）快速运转的Decision-maker 决策者Real-time 实时的Evaluate 评估Refine 使达到最佳状态Monitoring监视； 控制； 监测On behalf of 代表Accomplish 完成Departmentalize把.分为各部门Goal-oriented Back-up备份；支援Project-orientedSuitability合适, 适当, 相配, 适宜性Home-basedSufficiently 十分地, 充分地PracticeAmbiguity 含糊, 不明确Highlight

51、 说明Clarify澄清, 阐明Implement 贯彻；实现；执行Pilot试验性的；为将来的发展做尝试性范例的Productively：有效地 Commute每天（乘火车）往返上班；定期往返于两地间Unit Two aNASDAQ 全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会Dividend 股息, 红利P/EVolume （工商业的）额，量Break-even 收支平衡的Break even 得失相当Over-pricing 定价过高Unit Two bPlummeting 直线下降的Accelerate 加速Globalization 全球化Desperately 拼命地；不顾一切地, 孤注一掷地D

52、ominate 支配, 占优势；控制Inflated 通货膨胀的；（股价存在）泡沫的，价格过高的Consortium 社团, 协会, 联盟, (国际)财团Deregulation 违反规定, 反常Over-capacityDiversify 多样性Inject 注入Pharmaceutical 医药的Portfolio 一组投资Risk-free 零风险的Destabilizing 不稳定的Projected 预计的，想要达到的Integrate 整合Redundancy Payroll 薪水册Duplicated 重复的Distribution channel 销售渠道PracticeBro

53、ker 经纪人Commission 佣金Listing 清单, 列表Floatation (公债等的)发行; 为开办企业筹款; 筹资开办Capitalization 资本化, 股本, 资本总额Counterbid 还价Unit Three aDesign-led 强调设计的Home accessory 家用配件Reputation 声誉Originality 独创性；创意Enclose 随信附寄Mail order 邮购Interior designer 室内设计师Popularity 普及, 流行Rebook Unit Three bAmount to 总计Be acknowledged t

54、o 被公认为Telecommunication 电信Financial services 金融服务Aviation 航空Environmental 环境的Substantial 重要的、有价值的ProfileRarity 稀有Literature 印刷品Mailshot 邮寄广告Congestion 交通堵塞Hospitality 热情好客Practice:With reference to 关于Forthcoming 即将到来的Showcase (商店或博物馆的玻璃)陈列橱；商业演出Team-building 团队的打造Joint venture 合资企业Unit Four aAs good

55、 as it gets 尽善尽美Pager BP机Pinpoint 精确地指出Vacancy 空额，空缺，空职Submit 提交HotdeskingOvertax 课税过重, 使负担过度Social obligation Courtesy 谦恭,礼貌Employee loyalty 员工忠诚度CV履历, 简历（curriculum vitae）Self-employed 从事自由职业的Erosion 逐渐的消失Centralize 集中Unit Four bTransformation 改革, 转换Undergo 经历；进行Reliability 可靠性Operating efficiency

56、 Customer interaction Ingredient 成分, 因素Analyze 分析Personalize 使人性化Offering 提供的服务Anticipate 预期, 期望；预见Optimize 优化Vendor 卖方；销售商Sales forecast 销售情况预测Inventory 详细目录, 存货, 财产清册, 总量Delivery 运输Productivity 生产力Account enquiryInvoice 发票Transaction 交易Margin Practice:Team spirit 团队精神Confidential work 涉及保密的工作Works

57、tation 工作站，包括计算机或计算机终端Flexible working 弹性工作制Win-win 双赢的Premise (企业, 机构等使用的)房屋连地基Terminal 终端Intranet 企业内部互联网Retail 零售Initially 开始，最初Tentative 试验性的；暂定的Unit Five aFrustrate 挫败, 阻挠, 使感到灰心, 阻止Bewilder 使迷惑, 使不知所措, 使昏乱Psychological 精神上的Fire upReengageWith gusto 饶有兴趣地Intrinsical 本质的, 固有的Job enrichment 通过一定手段使得员工对自己的工作更感兴趣Job rotation 轮班制度Ongoing 正在进行的Foster 培养, 鼓励Outdoor assault coursePredatory competitor 非常强大的竞争对手Astute 机敏的Repackage 重新包装Perpetuation 永存, 不朽Incompetence 无竞争力Paradox 似非而是的论点, 自相矛盾的话；自相矛盾Unit Five bInternal recruitment 内部征召Headhunting 猎头Exemplify 例证, 例