话题四政治经济文化-冲刺2021年高考英语阅读理解热点话题专练(解析版)

1、话题四政治经济文化No. 1（2020 河北省衡水中学压轴卷）Since it first opened after four years of construction in 1937 at a cost of $27 million, the Golden Gate Bridge has made its appearance in films and poetry.CNN Travel spent a day climbing into and ground the bridge learning these secrets from the people who know and lo

2、ve it best.Why is it called the Golden Gate Bndge?Its not golden.“The Golden Gate Bridge gets its name because it spans what is called the Golden Gate Strait, “said Paolo Cosulich-Schwartz spokesman for the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District, which operates die bridge. Its a thr

3、ee-mile-long and one-mi le-wide body of water that connects the Pacific Ocean to the San Francisco Bay.What color 1 is the bridge?It looks red.“Its not red, although youre not crazy to tliink so. Visitors all call it red, “said Russell. “Back in the day, the US Navy, then part of the War Department,

4、 oversaw the waterways and wanted to paint this bridge black and yellow for high visibility, “said fellow pamter Jarrod Bauer. “They ended up mixing paint to create the color 1 International Orange, which is similar to the color 1 of red lead, “he said.Does the bridge get entirely painted every yeai

5、?No, and it doesnt need to be Its true that the top coat has been fully repainted over time with new and environmentally-improved International Orange top coats.Who performs bridge rescues?McVeigh and his fellow ironworkers, the so_called Cowboys of tlie Sky”，have that responsibility. McVeigh has lo

6、st count of how many troubled souls he s been called to rescue over the past 17 years.In September in 2018, the bridge started constnicting a suicide（自杀）prevention systemt also known as the safety net, to keep people from jumping o 任 the Golden Gate Bridge. Its expected to be completed in 2021.Whats

7、 die true color of the Golden Gate Bridge?A. Red.B. Red lead.C. Black and yellow. D. International Orange.Who can probably be called a hero on the Golden Gate Bridge?A. McVeigh. B. Jarrod Bauer.C. Russell. D. Paolo.What can we know about the Golden Gate Bridge?It is safer now because of the safety n

8、et.It got its name because of its color 1 .It took much time and money to be built.It needs to be repainted once a year.【答案解析】l.D 2. A 3.C这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国金门大桥的情况，并通过美国有线电视新闻网旅游行目组 的实地调查和采访相关人员，和读者分享了一些关于金门大桥的秘密。【1题详解】细。理解题 根据第四段中的“They ended up mixing paint to create die color 1 International Orange

9、which is similar to the color 1 of red lead”可知，金门大桥最后被漆成国际橙色，类似 于red lead（铅丹）。故选D项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，McVeigh和他的搭档们一直为大桥上的安全负责， 在过去的17年里McVeigh也记不清挽救了多少失意想跳桥的人。因此他最有可能被称为英 雄人物。故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题 根据第一段中的 since it first opened after four years of constrction in 1937 at a cost of $27 million可知,金门大桥历

10、时四年建成,耗资2700万美元。由此可推知,金门大桥花 费了很多时间和金钱才建成。故选C项。No. 2（2020.河北省衡水市第二中学高三二模）The great recession may be ovenbut this era of high joblessness is probably beginning.Before it endsjt will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults.And eventuallyjt is likely to reshape our po

11、litics,our culture.and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially

12、prudent（节俭的）；they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless（鲁莽的）personal spend

13、ing.But for the most part.these benefits seem thiiLuncertaiirand far off.In Tlie Moral Consequences of Economic Growth.thc economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S.Jengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spir

14、ited and less inclusive,and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases,as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. IndeedJhis period of economic

15、 weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them-especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economic at Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite（精英

16、）universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better timesiit is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficul

17、t, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting societ/s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We w

18、ill have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric（组织）.But they certainly will reshape it,and all the more so the longer they extend.By saying Hto find silver linings11 （Para.2） the author suggests that the jobless try to.seek help from the governmentexplore reasons

19、 for the unemploymentmake profits from the troubled economylook on the bright side of the recessionBenjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may_impose a heavy burden on immigrantsbring out more evils of human naturepromote the advance of rights and freedomsease conflicts between races and

20、 classesThe research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates from elite universities tend tolag behind the others due to decreased opportunitiescatch up quickly with experienced employeessee their life chances as dimmed as the othersrecover more quickly than the othersThe author

21、 thinks that the influence of hard times on society isA. certain B. positiveC. unimportant D. destructive【答案解析】l.D 2. B 3. D 4. A这是一篇说明文。大萧条也许结束了，但高失业率可能正在抬头。短文介绍了高失业率对美 国大影响。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中 Many said that unemployment, while extremely painfuL had improved (hem in some ways可知许多人说，虽然痛苦，失业也能提升自己。冒

22、号后而具体说 他们从观念上，生活方式上发生了改变，由此可推知，作者在第二段中通过说“寻找一线希 望”，是想建议失业者试着看到经济衰退的光明而。故选D.【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中 In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the US, lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left s

23、ociety more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes,可知经 济史学家本杰明-弗里德星在经济增长的道德后果一书中认为，他认为不管美国还是其 它国家，长期的经济停滞或衰退几乎总是让社会变得更加刻薄，包容性降低，经常使得人权 和自由的停滞不前

24、或者倒退。移民情绪尤其高涨，种族矛盾，阶层矛盾也高涨。由此可推知, Benjamin Friedman认为，经济衰退可能会带来更多人性的邪恶。故选B.【3题详解】细打理解题 根据倒数第二段中 The research of Till Von Wachter, the economic at Columbia University; suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities ca

25、tch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind. 可知哥伦比亚大学的经济学家Till Von Wachter的研究表明，不是所有人都毕业就进入萧条, 就看到自己的人生机会渺茫。从精英大学毕业的人会快速赶上他本该拥有的职位。落后的人 不是别人，正是他们底下的普通大众。由此可知，Till Von Wachter的研究表明，在经济衰退 中，精英大学

26、的毕业生往往比其他大学的毕业生恢复得更快。故选D。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中 We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it. and all the more so the longer they extend.可知我们还得等等看，这些困难时如何重塑我们的社会结构的，但是，这些困难肯定 会重塑美国，而且时间越长影响越大。由此可推知，作者认为困难时期对社会的影响是肯定 的。故选A。N

27、o. 3（2020.贵州省六盘水市高三适应性考试）Probably no other musical instrument is as popular as the guitar. Musicians use the guitar for almost every kind of music. Country and western music would not be the same without a guitar. The traditional Spanish folk music called Flamenco could not exist without a guitar. T

28、he sound of American blues music would not be the same without the sad cry of the guitar. And rock and roll music would almost be impossible Without this instrument.Some music experts say an instrument very much like a guitar was played in Egypt more than one thousand years ago. Some other experts s

29、ay that the ancestor of the modern guitar was brought to Spain from Persia sometime in the twelfth century. The guitar continued to develop in Spain. In the 1700s, it became similar to the instrument we know today.Many famous musicians played the instniment. The famous Italian violinist Niccolo Paga

30、ninni played and wrote music for the guitar in the early 1800s. Franz Schubert used the guitar to write some of his famous works. One kind of music for the guitar developed in the southern area of Spain called Adalusia. It will always be strongly linked with the Spanish guitar. It is called Flamenco

31、.In the 1930s, Les Paul began experimenting with ways to make an electric guitar. He invented the solid body electric guitar in 1946. The guitar has always been important to blues music. With the electric guitar, Les Paul helped make modern blues music possible. There have been many great blues guit

32、arists. Yet, music experts say all blues guitar players are measured against one man and his famous guitar. That man is B. B. King. Every blues fan knows that years ago B. B. King named his guitar Lucille. Here B. B. King plays Lucille on his famous recording of “The Thrill Is Gone Lucille, B. B. Ki

33、ngs large, beautiful black giutar, is important to American music. Visitors can see Kings very first guitar at the Rock and Soul Museum in Memphis, Tennessee. The museum is the only permanent exhibit organized by the Smithsonian Institution outside Washington. D. C. and New York City.Where did the m

34、odern guitar finally come into being?A. Egypt.B. Spain.C. Persia.D. Italy.What do we know about Flamenco?A. It is the name of a famous musician. B. It is related to Spanish guitar.C. It is also called Adalusia. D. It is the name of a guitar.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?The electric gu

35、itar promoted the development of the blues.The musician B. B. King named his guitar Lucille.The Rock and Soul Museum first opened in Memphis.The exhibit was first organized by the Smithsonian Institution.What would be the best title for this passage?A. Traditional Folk Music B. Flamenco and GuitarC.

36、 Violinist and Blues D. Guitar and Music【答案解析】LB 2. B 3. A 4.D这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了吉他在音乐中的重要性、发展史以及使用它的音乐家。【1题详解】细节理解题.根据第二段中 Some other experts say that the ancestor of the modern guitar was brought to Spain from Persia sometime in the twelfth century. Tlic guitar continued to develop in Spam”其他一些专家说，现代吉

37、他的祖先是在12世纪的某个时候从波斯带到西班牙的。吉 他在西班牙继续发展。”由此可知，现代吉他最终来自西班牙。故选B。【2题详解】细。理解题。根据第一段中 The traditional Spanish folk music called Flamenco could not exist without a guitar”没有吉他，传统的西班牙民间音乐Flamenco就无法存在。”由此可知， Flamenco与西班牙音乐有关。故选B。【3题详解】段落大意题根据最后一段中 In the 1930s, Les Paul began experimenting with ways to make a

38、n electric guitar. He invented the solid body electric guitar in 1946. The guitar has always been important to blues music. With the electric guitar Les Paul helped make modern blues music possible. Tliere have been many great blues guitarists. “20 世纪 30 年代，Les Paul 开始尝试制作 电吉他。他在1946年发明了固体电吉他。吉他在布鲁斯

39、音乐中一直很重要。有了电吉他， 莱斯保罗使现代布鲁斯音乐成为可能。有很多伟大的布鲁斯吉他演奏家。”可知，最后一段 讲述的是“电吉他促进了布鲁斯音乐的发展。”故选A。【4题详解】标题判断题。根据第一段第一、二句 Probably no other musical instrument is as popular as the guitar. Musicians use the giutar fbr almost every kind of music.”可能没有其他乐器像吉他一样 受欢迎。音乐家几乎在每一种音乐中都使用吉他。”可知，吉他对音乐有很大的影响，所以 D项Guitar and Musi

40、c“吉他和音乐”是最佳主题。故选DaNo. 4（2020.贵州省贵阳市.高三适应性考试）Probably no other musical instrument is as popular as the guitar. Musicians use the guitar for almost every kind of music. Country and western music would not be the same without a guitar. The traditional Spanish folk music called Flamenco could not exist

41、without a guitar. The sound of American blues music would not be the same without the sad cry of the guitar. And rock and roll music would almost be impossible Without this instalment.Some music experts say an instrument very much like a guitar was played in Egypt more than one thousand years ago. S

42、ome other experts say that the ancestor of the modern guitar was brought to Spain from Persia sometime in the twelfth century. The guitar continued to develop in Spain. In the 1700s, it became similar to the instrument we know today.Many famous musicians played the instniincnt. The famous Italian vi

43、olinist Niccolo Paganinni played and wrote music for the guitar in the early 1800s. Franz Schubert used the guitar to write some of his famous works. One kind of music for the guitar developed in the southern area of Spain called Adalusia. It will always be strongly linked with the Spanish guitar. I

44、t is called Flamenco.In the 1930s, Les Paul began experimenting with ways to make an electric guitar. He invented the solid body electric guitar in 1946. The guitar has always been important to blues music. With the electric guitar. Les Paul helped make modern blues music possible. There have been m

45、any great blues guitarists. Yet, music experts say all blues guitar players are measured against one man and his famous guitar. That man is B. B. King. Every blues fan knows that years ago B. B. King named his guitar Lucille. Here B. B. King plays Lucille on his famous recording of “The Thrill Is Go

46、ne. Lucille, B. B. Kings large, beautiful black guitar, is important to American music. Visitors can sec Kings very first guitar at the Rock and Soul Museum in Memphis, Tennessee. The museum is the only permanent exhibit organized by the Smithsonian Institution outside Washington. D. C. and New York

47、 City.Where did the modern guitar finally come into being?A. Egypt.B. Spain.C. Persia.D. Italy.What do we know about Flamenco?A. It is the name of a famous musician. B. It is related to Spanish guitar.C. It is also called Adalusia. D. It is the name of a guitar.What does the last paragraph mainly te

48、ll us?The electric guitar promoted the development of the blues.The musician B. B. King named his guitar Lucille.The Rock and Soul Museum first opened in Memphis.The exhibit was first organized by the Smithsonian Institution.What would be the best title for this passage?A. Traditional Folk Music B.

49、Flamenco and GuitarC. Violinist and Blues D. Guitar and Music【答案解析】LB 2.B 3.A 4.D这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了吉他在音乐中的重要性、发展史以及使用它的音乐家。【1题详解】细行理解题 根据第二段中 Some other experts say that the ancestor of the modern guitar was brought to Spain from Persia sometime in the twelfth century. The guitar continued to develop i

50、n Spam”K他一些专家说，现代吉他的祖先是在12世纪的某个时候从波斯带到西班牙的。吉 他在西班牙继续发展。”由此可知，现代吉他最终来自西班牙。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题.根据第一段中 The traditional Spanish folk music called Flamenco could not exist without a guitar”没有吉他，传统的西班牙民间音乐Flamenco就无法存在。”由此可知， Flamenco与西班牙音乐有关。故选B。【3题详解】段落大意题。根据最后一段中 In the 1930s, Les Paul began experimenting

51、with ways to make an electric guitar. He invented the solid body electric guitar in 1946. The guitar has always been important to blues music. With the electric guitar. Les Paul helped make modern blues music possible. Tliere have been many great blues guitarists. ”20 世纪 30 年代，Les Paul 开始尝试制作 电吉他。他在

52、1946年发明了固体电吉他。吉他在布鲁斯音乐中一直很重要。有了电吉他， 莱斯保罗使现代布鲁斯音乐成为可能。有很多伟大的布鲁斯吉他演奏家。”可知，最后一段 讲述的是“电吉他促进了布鲁斯音乐的发展。故选A。【4题详解】标题判断题. 根据第一段第一、二句 Probably no other musical instrument is as popular as the guitar. Musicians use the guitar for almost every knid of music.“可能没有其他乐器像吉他一样 受欢迎。音乐家几乎在每一种音乐中都使用吉他。”可知，吉他对音乐有很大的影响，

53、所以 D项Guitar and Music“吉他和音乐”是最佳主题.故选D.No. 5（2020.广东省顺德区高三模考）This centuries-old town of stone homes could be any rural（农村的）village in Europe. It reached its maximum population at around the turn of the last century, and since then it has slowly emptied until, in 2007, its public school finally shut i

54、ts doors. They say when a town loses its school it loses its soul/ says the governor of St. -Pierre-de-Frugie, Gilbert Chabaud, who was elected to office the following year. After the villages only restaurant closed too. Gilbert took up his post with a central question J、What can we do to make it co

55、me back to life, to make people come here?Gilbert, who himself left St. -Pierre-de-Fnigie to work in the automobile industry before retiring, found his answer in sustainability （可持续发展）.He opened up a store for local producers to sell their vegetables which were grown without using any artificial che

56、micals. He opened a community （社区）garden and ongoing ecological workshops that encourage knowledge-sharing among the community.He has a businessman knowledge: he is making use of the idea shared across the West by many people looking for an alternative to the high-pace urban life. And after the rapi

57、d urbanization of the 1950s and 1960s left many villages across Europe abandoned or only partially used, a mini urban-to-rural flow is under way.Since taking office, 40 new people have moved here most of them from the cities, bringing the population up to 400. Last year a new school opened in the vi

58、llage. Gilbert is eyeing a bigger place for a new school.Just a few months ago, Iulia Timofticiuc and her partner Guillaume Bled were living in Paris. They were concerned about global environment and at a more micro level about what foods they were consuming and where they were coming from. We wante

59、d to live ligliter, be productive, and be autonomous/ Timofticiuc says. But they didnt just want to go anywhere. Tliey wanted to go where things were already happening. So they chose St. -Pierrc-de-Frugie.What can we leam about the village St. Pierre-de-Frugie?Its population began to rise at the tur

60、n of the 20th century.Its public school was closed for lack of students.It used to be a popular rural village in Europe.It became completely empty in 2007.What did Gilbert do to help his hometown?He quit his job to lead the village.He sold green vegetables to local settlers.He increased peoples ecol