构词法专题讲座

1、英语词汇学习策略构词法-Word FormationLearning Strategies of English WordsWord Formation构词法：合成法(Compounding) 派生法(Derivation) 转化法(Conversion) 一、派生法（Derivation） disagree improvement （prefix）（suffix） 由词根(root)加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词。un-Negativeprefixesdis-in-im-mis-non- understand politesmokeragreefairvisible 1

2、. Prefixes(前缀)(用在b,p,m 开头的词前)regularirregularilleagalleagalwaranti-warOther prefixes1auto-自动 automatic autobiography2bi- 二 biyearly bicycle 3tri-三 triangle tricycle 4multi-多 multi-colored multimedia5mini-小的，短的 minibus miniskirt6trans-通过，转移 transport trans-plant7tele-远 telephone telescope tele-educat

3、ion8. micro- 微小的 microscope microsoft microwave 9. en-,em-往里，使 enable， enlarge, empower10. demi-, semi- hemi-半 semi-circle hemisphere demilune2. Suffixes后缀1).常见的名词后缀 ： A: 表示人的后缀： er，or, ess (表女性)，ist，n，an，ian，ee (表接受动作的人)，ese, ish。 B: 其它常见的后缀： arrangement government development happiness sadness wea

4、kness education action decoration expression decision impressionfreedom kingdom wisdom shortage marriage leakage attendance guidance performance difference existence preference-ment-ness-tion-dom-sion-ance-ence-age childhood neighborhood motherhood friendship leadership relationship failure pleasure

5、 pressure feeling blessing clothing loyalty safety cruelty modesty difficulty currency arrival denial withdrawal handful spoonful mouthful-hood-ship-ure-ing-ty-y-al-fulExercise -er -or -ion -ment -y -ist -ance -ness -ence请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相连，组成新词：educate, develop, visit, collect, teach, sail, weak, pian

6、o, art, perform, act, prefer, solute, move, difficult 后缀 例 词形容词-y -able-al-ant-ent-ful-less -ive -ish-ous-ing-ed cloudy, windy, dirty, sunny advisable, admirable, comfortable physical, national, political important pleasant ignorant different dependent consistent helpful, useful, careful helpless, u

7、seless , careless active, instructive, expensive British, English, foolish, childish courageous, nervous, dangerous amusing misleading interesting exited amazed bearded2).常见形容词后缀 ：Find the prefixes of the following words and discuss their meanings.pre-reading prefix forehead foresee ex-president ex-

8、wife post-war post-reading retell rebirth oversleep overlook superman supermarket co-exist co-operatemidnight mid-autumninternational interdependentsubway subtitlepre-fore-ex-之前post-之后重新re-over-超过super-在之上co-共同中间的相互之间的副的mid-inter-sub-前，预先先，故后缀 例 词形容词- ical-ible-en -ary-anese -ern-like-ly-some classi

9、cal historical economical permissible negligible responsible woolen wooden golden momentary imaginary legendary American, Italian, Australian Chinese Japanese Portuguese southern, northern, eastern childlike dreamlike lifelike friendly orderly leisurely troublesome, tiresome2).常见形容词后缀 ：3. 动词后缀: -fy

10、(使化) ; -ize (使成为) ; en(使）写出下列单词的动词形式。beauty modern deep rich real quick 1. Start from where you are and sail along the island clockwise for 8 miles before you find the temple. 4. 常见副词后缀 2Have patience the Blacksmith youre looking for has gone backwardly，wise, ward(s)等。二、合成法（Compounding） 把两个或两个以上独立的词

11、合成一个新词。eggplant pineapple pain-killer止痛药color- blind色盲sleep-walk梦游sleep-walker1. 合成名词 (1) n+n air conditioner blood pressure income tax credit card (2) adj + n central bank fast food空调 血压所得税 信用卡中央银行 快餐 solar system remote control (3) v-ing +另一词 washing machine driving license (4) 其他方式 by-product fat

12、her-in-law太阳系 遥控洗衣机驾驶执照副产品女婿2. 合成形容词 (1) 过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。 absent-minded grey-haired (2) 动词的ing 或另一词构成 long-suffering far-reaching心不在焉的头发灰白的长期受苦的深远的(影响)3. 合成动词及合成副词 overeat baby-sit empty-handed 吃得太多看孩子 一无所获的 For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.生死攸关的 Down-to-earth spiri

13、t is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth. honest or practical实事求是，脚踏实地三、转化法（ Conversion ）由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。He is a man with broad shoulders.We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time.n. v. take/beartasten. 味道v.尝起来It has a good taste.It

14、taste very good.record n.记录v. 记录He broke the record.He lies to record something while reading a book.cleanadj. 干净的v.打扫Please keep tidy and clean.You have to clean the blackboard.back adv.后面v. 使后退He came back home just now.Back the car into the garage.She closed her eyes and wished a wish.She slept a

15、 peaceful sleep and dreamed a happy dream.She usually breakfasts at seven a.m.She nursed the patient back to health.Dont dirty your new dress.I enjoy the quiet of the country.The temperature reached a new high.He walked north. 名副Classify: pathway freedom expression place unfair stop everyday riversi

16、de nurse disagree 合成词转化词派生词everyday pathway riversideunfair expression disagree freedomstop place nurse 1It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you cant see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.What does the word “misprese

17、nt ” mean?Making a wrong judgment aboutUnderstanding somebody wronglyGiving a wrong description ofForming a wrong opinion aboutmis- sth. is done wrong or badlypresent vt. describe2.The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment b

18、reaks up the nonrecyclables.The word “nonrecyclables” probably means?nonrecycling papersthings that can not be recycledanything can be recycledrecyclable thingsrecycle v. 使再循环，回收利用recyclable adj. 可回收利用的nonrecyclable n. 不能回收利用的东西3. Another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brainThe word “transplant” probably means?To transport from