对外经贸英语合同写作第1章12节

1、Linda 共五十九页课程(kchng)目的掌握基本的使用英语(yn y)进行外贸合同写作的能力。本课程通过介绍各类主要经贸合同写作的语言特点、汉英两种语言的对比分析以及各种不同经贸文体的翻译方法，使学生掌握经贸合同中词语、长句及各种经贸文体的翻译技巧和合同书写方法，要求能够使用恰当、准确的语句、文体格式及语言习惯草拟合同。 共五十九页课程(kchng)要求 了解对外经贸合同写作的特点与技巧；掌握经贸合同中英语(yn y)专业术语、缩略语、惯用句型和表达方法；熟悉和掌握经贸合同的文体、记法和句法特点和翻译方法；掌握常见合同条款的主要内容；能够翻译一般性合同条款，能够草拟常见合同。共五十九页参考

2、书目英文合同书制作方法与法理，岩崎一生(yshng)，外文出版社,程爱学，中国盲文出版社进出口合同条款与案例分析，黎孝先，对外经济贸易大学出版社共五十九页第一章 对外经贸英语合同(h tong)写作常识和法律规范共五十九页第一节 对外经贸英语合同写作(xizu)的原则（principles)一、外贸合同(h tong)写作原则1.特点1.1 The quantitity and amount is great1.2 The time for negotiation and execution is long共五十九页1.3 The situations in differents countr

3、ies are not the same,as well as the laws and policies. In addition, economices and technology aspects involving are complicated.1.4 If the contracts are drafted improperly, disputes and the economic and political losses sustained arise easily and it is not easy to deal with these.共五十九页2.外贸合同(h tong)

4、写作原则（principles)2.1 合法性原则（legality)中华人民共和国合同法 (contract law of the Peoples Republic of China)同时中华人民共和国涉外经济(jngj)合同法，中华人民共和国技术合同法和中华人民共和国经济(jngj)合同法同时作废共五十九页It was adopted at the Second Session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National Peoples congress, promulgated by Order No.15 of the preside

5、nt Jiang zheming of the Peoples Republic of China on March 15,1999, and effective as of October 1,1999. it consists of 13 chapter totally and 428 items.共五十九页2.2 全面性原则(yunz)The contracts shall completely express the agreement that both parties come to during negotiation in case of omission or additio

6、n or cut without authorization.共五十九页2.3 明确性原则(yunz)The words used in the contracts shall be correct, strict,clear, easy to be understood. We shall not use vague,ambiguous words.共五十九页2.4 主动性原则(yunz)On the condition of obeying the above principles, we shall also be active in order to leave room for yo

7、urself and precausion ahead of things and shall not leave any leak to another party in order not to give another party any chance and make yourself involve the passive situation.共五十九页二、必要的知识(zh shi)技能1.to know the quality, characteristics, purposes, requirement, the content of discussing, and course

8、 of this transaction. Besides those, we shall read carefully the related correspondence, memorandum, agreement, and records etc. so that we can know things and situations as many as possible.共五十九页2. to be familiar with the laws, regulations and rules about all contries concernedPossibly as well as W

9、TOs specification3. to have abundant knowledge about freign trade, and have higher ability on English writing and reading共五十九页第二节 国际经贸合同(h tong)的格式（the layout)涉外合同按繁简不同，可以(ky)采取不同书面形式，如正式合同（Contract）、协议书（Agreement）、确认书（Confirmation）、备忘录（Memorandum）、订单（Order）等等 ,Fax,E-mail,Telex,Telegram, Letter, EDI

10、共五十九页共五十九页共五十九页共五十九页一、合同(h tong)名称（Title)（一）商品(shngpn)买卖合同1.Sales Contract(Agreement, Note, Confirmation)售货合同（协议，单，确认书）2.Purchase Contract (Agreement, Note, Confirmation)购货合同（协议，单，确认书）共五十九页（二）经销(jngxio)合同1.Distributorship Contract(Agreement)经销合同（协议(xiy)）2.Sole Distributorship Contract(Agreement独家经销合

11、同（协议）或包销3.Exclusive (sole) Sales Contract(Agreement ) 包销合同（协议）共五十九页（三）寄售(jshu)合同1.Consignment Contract 寄售合同(h tong)2. Consignment Agreement 寄售协议共五十九页（四）代理(dil)合同1.Agency Contract( Agreement)代理合同(h tong)（协议）2.Sole Agency Contract( Agreement)独家代理合同（协议）共五十九页（五）加工、装配(zhungpi)合同1.Contract(agreement) for

12、Processing来料加工合同(h tong)（协议）2. 1.Contract(agreement) for Assembling 来料装配合同（协议）共五十九页来料加工processing with supplied/incoming/buyers materials来样生产(shngchn)assembling with supplied parts来件装配Processing according to supplied samples共五十九页（六）补偿贸易(bchngmoy)1. Contract(agreement) on Compensation Trade 补偿贸易合同(h

13、tong)（协议）共五十九页（七）租赁(zln)合同1.Finance Lease Contract(Agreement)融资(rn z)租赁合同（协议）2. Contract(Agreement) of Operating Lease经营租赁合同（协议）共五十九页（八）劳务(lo w)合同1.Service Contract(Agreement)劳务合同（协议）2. Contract(Agreement) of Employment聘雇合同（协议）3. Contract(Agreement) of Engagement employers雇佣(gyng)人员合同（协议）4. Contract

14、(Agreement) of Construction Project承包工程合同（协议）共五十九页（九）技术合作(hzu)合同1.Technical (technological) Assistance Contract (Agreement)技术援助合同（协议）2.Technical collaboration/cooperation Contract (Agreement)技术合作合同（协议）3. Technical information Contract (Agreement)技术资料合同（协议）4.Exchange of Technical Information Contract

15、 (Agreement)技术资料交换(jiohun)合同（协议）5.Technical Transfer and Techical Assistance Contract (Agreement)技术转让和技术援助合同（协议）6.Licensing Contract or License Contract 许可合同7.Patent Licensing Contract 专利许可合同8.Contract for Technology Transfer 技术转让合同9. Contract (Agreement) for Technology Transfer and Importation of E

16、quipment and Materials技术转让和设备材料进口合同（协议）共五十九页（十）合资(h z)合作经营合同1. Joint Venture Contract(Agreement)合资经营企业合同(h tong)（协议）2.Contract(Agreement) for Joint CooperationContractual Joint Venture Contract合作经营企业合同（协议）共五十九页（十一(ShY)）借贷合同1.Short-term(long-term) Credit Facility Contract (Agreement)短期（长期）贷款合同（协议(xiy

17、)）2. Contract (Agreement) for loan借款合同（协议）共五十九页二、序文(xwn)前文（Preamble） （一）订约日期(rq)(Date of signing)（二）订约地点(Place of signing)（三）当事人及其国籍、主营业所或住所 （Signing parties and their nationalities, principal place of business or residence addresses ）（四）当事人合法依据（Each partys authority）或准据法（Governing or Proper Law) 比如

18、，该公司是“按当地法律正式组织而存在的”（a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of XXX）（五）订约缘由（Recitals） /鉴于条款（ WHEREAS clause ） 共五十九页Example:1.第一种繁式序文(xwn)This contract is made in Guangzhou this sventh day ofMay,2008by and between ABC co., A corporation organized and existing under thelaws of Germany

19、 and having its office at.(hereinafterreferred to as party A XYZ co., A Chinere-foreign equity joint venture estabishedin accordance with the law of Peoples republic of China onJoint Venture using CHinese and Foreign Investment(hereinafter referred to as party B)共五十九页by and between要表示合约是由哪些当事人所订定，英文

20、中通常会说“This Agreement is made by and between.”，用“by”来表示合约被谁订定，“between”来表示谁与谁之间的合意。如果当事人不只两个，也可以用“by and among”来代替。organized and existing合约开场白里要说明当事人的国籍，在自然人的情况下可以用a national of .或an individual with the nationality of .来表示，如果是法人组织多半使用organized and existing under the laws of .这样的字眼(zyn)，其中organized也可以

21、用incorporated来代替。共五十九页 Whereas ABC co. possesses technology(patentsand know-how) for the design,manufacture and saleof Whereas XYZ co. wishes to use the above-mentioned patents and know-how of ABC co. todesign (Now,therefore) after friendly consultation; bothparties have reached agreement as follows

22、:共五十九页Whereas“本义(bny)是“When in fact”、“considering that”、或“that being the case”的意思，所以“Whereas Clauses”就表示当事人乃是在本于对这些事实（例如订约的目的、背景来由等）的共同认识，订立此合约。紧接在一串whereas clauses之后，会出现类似上例中的“Now Therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows:”这样一句话，目的在提醒阅读合约的人，真正规范订约当事人权利义务关系的条款在这句话之后就要开始了，也就是说，这句话（一般称为“operative

23、 part”）是序文与主文之间的桥梁，在此之前为订约背景事实的叙述，在此之后则为关于交易关系的实体约定。 当事人签署一份合约之后，因为对同一交易事件还有后续的约定未及于该合约记载清楚，于是再另外作成第二份合约，作为先前合约的补充条款（supplemental clauses）。在这种情况下订立的第二份合约中，就会在Whereas Clauses 说明其缔约的来由与补充的性质。 例如：WHEREAS, this Agreement is supplemental to an agreement dated 5 December 1989 between the parties to this A

24、greement (the Principal Agreement) under which the Purchaser agreed to buy certain assets of the Vendor for an aggregate sum of 3 million.本合约是为补充双方当事人前于公元一九八九年十二月五日业已缔结之合约（以下称主合约）所订立，买方于主合约中同意向卖方购买总价值三百万英镑的资产。 共五十九页 本合同由下述当事人于2008年5月7日在广签订。 ABC公司，根据德国法律设立，公司地址在（以下简称甲方）； XYZ公司，根据中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法设立的中外

25、合资公司（以下简称乙方） 鉴于ABC公司拥有设计、制造(zhzo)和销售的技术（专利和专有技术）； 鉴于XYZ公司希望使用ABC公司的上述专利和专有技术以设计 （因此）经过友好协商，双方达成协议如下：共五十九页2.第二种繁式序文(xwn) This contract; (is) make in Shanghai this seventh day of August 2008 by ABC Trading Co., a Chinese Corporation having itsregistered office at shanghai Peoples Republic of Chia(here

26、inafter Called “Seller”), and International Trading Co., Inc., a New YorkCorporation having its registered office at New York ,N.Y.,U.S.A(hereinafter Called “Buyer”), Whereas, Seller is engaged in the dealing of (products) anddesires to sell (products) to Buyer, and Whereas, Buyer desires to purchas

27、e (products) from sellersubject to the terms and conditions stated in this contract. Now, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and themutual corenants to be faithfully performed herein contained, thisis agreed as follows:共五十九页registered officeregistered office是指一个公司的注册所在地，它和principal office ，

28、即主营业所并不一定位于同一个地方。举例来说，现在台湾很多本土企业基于税务与方便性的考量，流行在海外几个特定的地方，例如英属维京群岛（British Virgin Islands; 简称BVI）成立所谓的纸上公司（paper company），此时这个公司必须在BVI当地设有一个registered office，但是公司的principal office则可能不在BVI，而位于台湾本土，因为公司一切的业务(yw)经营实际上都在台湾进行。 共五十九页 本合同与2008年8月7日在上海签订。 ABC贸易有限公司(n s)系中国公司(n s)，公司(n s)地址在中华人们共和国上海（以下简称“卖方”

29、）； 国际贸易有限公司系美国纽约公司，公司地址在美国、纽约（以下简称“买方”）； 鉴于卖方经营（产品）拟按本合同条款出售该产品给买方。 鉴于买方愿意按本合同条款向卖方购买该产品。 兹以上述事项及忠于履行本合同中的相互约定为约因，经协议如下共五十九页3.简式序文（没有(mi yu)“鉴于条款）This Contract is entered into the 5th day of August, 2008 between ABC Trading Co., Ltd.,(hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell; and XYZ Trading

30、Co.,(.,(hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and conditions:共五十九页ABC 贸易有限公司(yu xin n s)（以下简称卖方）与XYZ贸易有限公司(yu xin n s)（以下简称买方）于2008年8月5日签订本合同。双方同意按下列条款出售、购买下列货物：共五十九页The undersigned Sellers and Buyers have agreed to close the following transation ac

31、cording to the terms and conditions stipulated below:兹经买卖双方同意成交下列(xili)商品，订立条款如下：共五十九页This Sales Contract is made by and between the Sellers and the Buyers whereby the Sellersagree to sell and the Buyers agree to buy theunder-mentioned goods according to the termsand conditions stipulated below:兹经买卖

32、双方同意，由卖方出售、买方购入列货物(huw)，并按下列条款签订本合同.共五十九页4.合同当事人有三方(sn fn)时的简式序文This Contract made this first day of July 2008 in Istanbul by and among AA & Co.,Ltd., Istanbul,Turkey, (hereinafter referred to as AA), a corporationduly organized and existing under the law ofRepbublic of Turkey, and BB & Co.,Ltd.,Nag

33、oya,Japan, (hereinafter referred to as BB), a corporationduly organized and existing under the law of Japan,and CC & Co.,Ltd., a corporation duly organizedand existing under the law of Japan and having itsprincipal place of business at, Nagoya, Japan,(hereinafter referred to as CC) 共五十九页 本合同于下列三方于20

34、08年7月1日在伊斯坦堡签订(qindng)： AA有限公司（以下简称AA): 按土耳其法律成立和存在。地址在土耳其，伊斯坦堡； BB有限公司（以下简称BB): 按日本法律成立存在。地址在日本，名古屋； CC有限公司（以下简称CC): 按日本法律成立和存在。地址在日本，名古屋；共五十九页5. 确认书有出口商制作(zhzu)的序文Sales Confirmation(Sales Note) We confirm having sold to you the goods described (we confirm your order of the following goods) on thet

35、erms and conditions as below: 售货确认书（售货单） 兹确认按下列条款售与你方（或接受(jishu)你方订单订购下列货物：共五十九页Acknowledgement of OrderWe acknowledgement with thanks your order placed with us by you which we accept subject to the terms and conditions noted herewith:订单(dn dn)确认书你方订单已收到，谢谢。兹确认按下列条款接受你方订单。共五十九页6.确认书有进口商制作(zhzu)的序文Pu

36、rchase Confirmation(Purchase Note)We confirm the purchase from you of the following goods on the terms and conditions as below:购货确认书（购货单）兹确认我方按下列条款(tiokun)向你方购买下列货物。共五十九页三、正文(zhngwn)（Body） （一）定义条款（Definition clause） 在合同前文之后使用定义（Definition）条款把合同中反复出现的用语加以(jiy)界定意义并赋予简称，既避免解释上的分歧，又能使合同简洁：Article 1: De

37、finitions1.1 The Terms as used herein shall have the following meanings:1.1.1 The term “Products” means the products specified in Annex 2.1.1.2 The term “components” means any assembled or unassembled parts of the Products. 共五十九页（二）基本条款（Basic conditions） 或具体条款（specific conditions)1.商品名称(Name of comm

38、odity)2.品质条款(Quality clause)3.数量条款(Quantity clause)4.包装(bozhung)条款(Packing clause)5.检验条款(Inspection clause)6.价格条款(Price clause)7.支付条款(Payment clause)8.交货条款(Delivery clause)9.保险条款(Insurance clause)共五十九页（三）一般(ybn)条款（General conditions)1. 合同有效期条款（Duration clause）2. 合同的终止条款（Termination clause ）3. 违约与解约条

39、款（Breach and Cancellation of contract clause)4. 索赔条款（Claim clause)5. 仲裁条款（Arbitration clause ）6. 不可抗力条款（Force Majeure clause ）7. 合同的让与条款（Assignment clause ）8. 适用的法律条款（Governing law clause ）9. 合同修改条款（Amendment clause ）10. 通知手续条款（Notice clause ）11. 完整合同条款（Entire Agreement Clause)12. 正本条款（Original Text

40、 Clause)13. 诉讼(s sn)管辖条款（Jurisdiction clause ）14. 其它（Others）共五十九页四、结尾(jiwi)条款（WITNESS clause） 1. 结尾语，包括份数、使用的文字和效力等（Concluding sentence）2. 签名（Signature）3. 盖印（Seal） 英文合约架构中的最后(zuhu)一个部份就是结尾辞与当事人的签名。谓结尾辞指的是在当事人签名之前经常会出现一段文字，除了表明签名人确实有签名的正当权限外，还会载明签名的日期。至于签名栏的部份，如果当事人是公司的话，除了要盖公司印鉴以外，还要有代表人的签名，并且通常会注明代表人的职称(title)。共五十九页 In witness wh