研究生英语写作第一次课课件

1、Post-graduate English Writing 研究生英语写作 左雁北京物资学院外语学院 (A) English writing:Writing stagesStructureDifferent writing tasksWriting strategies (B) Translation:Language differences and translationTranslation techniques Unit 1（A） Getting startedUnit Goals for Writing: Students willBetter understand what goes

2、 into the pre-writing stageUnderstand how to organize and map out ideas before writingKnow how to use subordinate clauses Practice 1 You are going to write a short biography of the American actor, Marlon Brando. Read the information and then write a paragraph using all of the listed points. Marlon B

3、rando was born on April 3, 1924 in Omaha, Nebraska. He died on July 1,2004 of lung failure. He was kicked out of several schools as a child. His first job was a ditch digger. In 1947 he became famous overnight after appearing in A Streetcar Named Desire. He stunned audiences with his remarkable hone

4、sty, sexuality and intensity. Marlon Brando changed modern acting by popularizing “Method” acting. “Method” acting is a technique that emphasizes emotional truth and a natural style. He won the Oscar in 1972 for his role in The Godfather and he refused it because he objected to the way the film indu

5、stry depicted Native Americans on screen. He was nominated for 8 Oscars and won 2 and is one of the greatest actors in the history of cinema. Marlon Brando, who was one of the greatest actors in the history of cinema, was born on April 3, 1924 in Omaha, Nebraska. Although he was kicked out of severa

6、l schools as a child and his first job was as a ditch digger, he went on to change modern acting by popularizing “Method” acting which is a technique that emphasizes emotional truth and a natural style. The actor, who stunned audiences with his remarkable honesty, sexuality and intensity, became fam

7、ous overnight in 1947 after appearing in A Streetcar Named Desire. He was nominated for 8 Oscars and won 2, including one for his role in The Godfather which was refused because he objected to the way the film industry depicted Native Americans on screen. Marlon Brando died of lung failure on July 1

8、,2004.Analyzing the ParagraphAnalyzing the ParagraphOriginal Paragraph vs. Improved ParagraphNumber of sentences? 10 vs. 5Sentences begin with which words?He/His vs. a variety of beginningsMarlon Brando was born on April 3, 1924 in Omaha, Nebraska.Marlon Brando, who was one of the greatest actors in

9、 the history of cinema, was born on April 3, 1924 in Omaha, Nebraska.Subordinate clauseAdditional information fits well in the sentenceHe was kicked out of several schools as a child. His first job was as a ditch digger Marlon Brandon changed modern acting by popularizing “Method” acting.Although he

10、 was kicked out of several schools as a child and his first job was as a ditch digger, he went on to change modern acting by popularizing “Method” acting which is a technique that emphasizes emotional truth and a natural style. Relative clause additional information is added to the end of a sentence

11、 rather than used as an individual sentence Marlon Brando died of lung failure on July 1, 2004.Repeating the name in the final sentenceSimple, direct and to the point; a good way to end a piece of writingA reminder that simple sentences are okay when used with more complex sentencesClausesA clause:

12、a sentence, or part of a sentence, with its own verbExamples:Throw the ballI throw the ballI throw itThrow itThree kinds of clauses: 1. Main 2. Subordinate 3. Relative1. a main clause: the more important clause in a sentence; it is a complete sentence.2. a subordinate clause: the clause which is les

13、s important than the main clause; its not a complete sentenceExample:Marlon Brando, who was one of the greatest actors in the history of cinema, was born on April 3, 1924 in Omaha, Nebraska.Subordinate clauses usually begin with which words?who, whose, which, that, where BIT students study hard.Most

14、 BIT students are male.BIT students, who study hard, are mostly male.BIT students, who are mostly male, study hard.Beijing is one of the worlds biggest cities.Beijing hosted the 2008 Olympic Games.Beijing, which hosted the 2008 Olympic Games, is one of the worlds biggest cities.Beijing, which is one

15、 of the worlds biggest cities, hosted the 2008 Olympic Games.Make this the main clauseMake this the main clauseRelative Clauses3. a relative clause: a clause which is added onto another clause; it gives additional, or related, information.Example:- Although he was kicked out of several schools as a

16、child and his first job was as a ditch digger, he went on to change modern acting by popularizing “Method” acting which is a technique that emphasizes emotional truth and a natural style.Relative clauses usually begin with which words?who, whose, which, that, where Relative ClauseMake a relative cla

17、use from these sentencesMarlon Brando won an Oscar for The Godfather.The Godfather is about an Italian-American mafia family.Marlon Brando won an Oscar for The Godfather, which is about an Italian-American mafia family.Relative ClauseMake a relative clause from these sentencesMarlon Brando was born

18、in Omaha.Omaha is where he also died.Marlon Brando was born in Omaha, where he also died.Directions: For this part, you are to read the following passage and write a composition of no less than 150 words as required. You are advised to avoid using such stereotyped expressions or sentences as “last b

19、ut not the least”. 根据某调查报告What do you think of the two choices? What social realities are reflected?Practice 2It is useful to make a list of information you want to include in your writing. Lets take as an example the question: What makes a good student? Put a tick next to the factors that you think

20、 contribute to making a good student. 1. interest 4. intelligence 7.age 2. educational background 5. motivation 8. personality 3. race 6. gender 9. familyMappingAfter you have listed the items you want to include in your writing, It is time to organize and group them. This can be done through a proc

21、ess called mapping.A writing map provides a visual outline of what you will include in your paper. It includes major themes and cational backgroundinterest educated vs. uneducated teachers instill interest? private vs. public schooling subject quality of school materials used quality o

22、f teaching activities doneintelligencemotivation IQ chemical makeup of brain teacher properly motivates? definition of “intelligence” family/friends provide? grades need to pass exams?What Makesa GoodStudent?Tip!Your writing map may or may not look like the one provided here. It can take any shape o

23、r form you feel most comfortable with. Also, there is no need to spend too much time making a writing map. Several minutes of concentrated thought might be enough for you to organize your ideas sufficiently.Do them before you write. Dont spend a lot of time on them. Several minutes is enough.Use the

24、m to sketch, or outline, your thoughts.Writing MapsUnit 1（B）Differences between Chinese and English 汉英句子差异与翻译 汉语句子：语义型或意合型 英语句子：语法型或形合型 汉语：“板块”式结构（“竹节”式结构） 英语：“多枝共干”型 eg. 他们进行挑衅活动，制造紧张局势，必须马上停止。 They must stop all their provocations at once, which create tensions. 眼下,咱只盼着有关部门对“工薪族”们作一个详细的调查,对我们的收入心里

25、有个数,别出来个咱累死也够不着的房价。（分析句子结构） Now, I am expecting the departments concerned to survey on us the salaried”, so as to gain a clear understanding of our income and abandon such a high price we cant afford even if we toil to death. 中西方思维模式的差异 “狮子头”式的汉语句式 村东头的王大妈来了，受坏人欺骗的村民们也来了。 “孔雀尾”式的英语句式： There came Aun

26、t Wang who dwelt at the eastern end of the village, and also came the villagers who had been deceived by the scoundrel. 去年他为了完成一个项目在实验室用计算机努力地干了十个月。 He worked hard with a computer in the lab for ten months in order to complete a project last year.Writing a CV/Resume A curriculum vita, or CV, is an i

27、nformative summary of all academic and professional achievements. Usually longer than a resume, a CV can be three or more pages and often includes relevant experiences outside of a persons professional and academic life, such as volunteering experience and interests. One of the main differences betw

28、een a resume and a CV is its purpose in different countries. In Europe a CV is used in the place of a resume to apply for employment, whereas in the United States a CV is mainly used for academic-based applications. 1. First you need to write your name, address and contact details. (Supplying a phot

29、o)2. You should then write a short summary of your skills. Make it short but powerful.3. Education background You need to list the schools or universities you have attended 4. Work Experience You need to write down your work experience next. 5. Summary/ aims achieved Write a brief summary of skills

30、or qualifications you have achieved. 6. References Write down contact details of previous employers. Name: Steven Windsor Nationality British CitizenAddress: 90 Carillon Avenue, Richmond, Surry, England, UKTelephone: 182XXXXXXXXEmail: steven87hotmail.co.ukSkype: steven234Objectives: This will be the

31、 first thing that your future employer will read. To work in a friendly motivated environment, as well as being a proficient team member in both giving and seeking advice. To continue to challenge my capabilities, while conducting myself in a professional and controlled manner. To self evaluate on a

32、 regular basis to keep up with new technologies in an ever-changing world. To continue to expand enriching my awareness of different cultures around, as well as to learn the simple fundamentals of popular foreign languages so as to interact more confidently. Education and courses attended/credentials Brunel University: Credited: marketing strategies & sales a