解题方法之首字母

1、他做短裙1 停电的使恨力在精国中利怖词义3-力合运用 像力首字母专题解析一、首字母填空题考查什么F泉砒知在（的聋握弄适用二、解题技巧第一招：判断词性埴空之通关秘籍语言邃精常识前后时应解度，并列德折递进*谓港-动词、系动词丰语-翎司.代词宾语-名词、代词状语副词定港-形容同第一招：判断词性通过句法分析弄清楚要填的词是在句中充当主语、谓语还是宾语等。如果是主语或宾语，要填的应当是名词或代词；如果是谓语，要填的就应是动词；如果是在名词前作定语或者在系动词后作表语，要填的应当是形容词；如像Webusy.Hefine.之类的句子，busy,fine都是形容词，也就是说句中还无动词，这一定是填系动词be,

2、look等。第二招：语言逻辑就是利用上下文的意思与结构来填空，这个上下文可能是空格所处的那句本身的前部分和后部分，也可能是空格前后的那个或那几句子，还有可能前后段落或对整篇文章的理解。有时甚至还要结合常识进行简单的逻辑推理才能准确判断出该填哪个词。中考英语段落还是比较简单的，所以出现的语言逻辑情况不多，纵观这几年的真题，基本上用好以下两个兵器就能解决了。兵器1、前后解释呼应Rememberthatdogsneede.Youshouldtakeitforawalkeveryday.Dontkeepyourdoginsideallday.【讲解】此空后面句子其实是对前面句子的进一步解释，尤其是划横

3、线部分就相当于是对空格部分单词的对应解释，所以联想到e开头的动词，应该就是exercise。Whenyoubuyadog,animportantthingtothinkaboutisitssbuyasmalldogifyourhomeissmallandabiggeroneifyourhomeislarger。【讲解】buy这一句是不是就是对前面那一空的解释？大房子就买大狗，小房子买小狗，那不就是说要注意狗狗的大小吗。Alongtime,saidthedoctor.Maybeforther5ofyourlife.【2011年上海中考真题】【讲解】一个人要表达一个意思往往不止说一句话，一般说完后

4、，会再补充几句以更加说明自己的观点和意思。此举就是对前面“alongtime”的补充说明。想到Therestof.句型了吧?兵器2、连词提示（转折、递进、因果等）Mumusedtod97_ustoschool,butnowmysisterandIhavestartedridingourbikestoschool.12009上海中考真题】【讲解】but是一个标志性词，标志着前后句意思是转折对比关系。现在是骑车到学校，那和这个相对比，之前的是什么呢？肯丢只有drive了Westoppedtakinglongbathsandhadshortshowersi95.12009上海中考】【讲解】文章就是讲

5、节约能源的方法的，所以这句and前后其实内容是对比关系，instead都是至于句尾的，表达转折关系的词。Mostsunshinerecorderso102recorddirect（直接的）sunshine.Neilmogesaccurateandthisisveryimportantforresearchintowaysofusingsolarpower.Neilplanstokeepinventing.【2008年上海中考】【讲解】一看到more,就意味着什么？对，比较！那就是比较这两句，more所在这句意思是递进的，更“精确“，前面的肯定就是不够精确了，为什么不够精确呢？看到direct马

6、上会想到indirect。所以联想，会不会是，大多数记录者only记录了directsunshine,而没有记录indirectsunshine。引导学生，看到more,but这种标志性连词，要高度兴奋。第三招：常识常理Alanawasonadiet,butshedidntlikeitatall.Shewasnota2_to_eatherfavouritefoodbythedoctor.12011上海中考真题】【讲解】减肥期间，医生肯定是不让你随便吃东西的。这是常识常理。女生会更有感触。Whenpeoplestudytheweather,itsimportanttobeabletorecord

7、thesunshineaccurately.Weneedtoknowhowmanyh101ofsunshinewehaveandhowstrongitis.【2008上海中考】【讲解】看到howmany,应该判断这个空应该是个可数名词，还像是一个量词，因为后面有ofsunshine,再根据常识，记录阳光精确，是要记录我们感受阳光的时间阳光本身的强度。一、/汪忠：1、考虑词形变化是名词或代词要考虑是该用单数还是用复数；是人称代词是用主格还是宾格；如果是动词就要考虑是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；是谓语动词是主动语态还是被动语态，还要考虑该用哪一种时态；是非谓语动词是用-ing形式，不定式还是用过去分词

8、。等等。切不可一确定是填哪个单词后，就在不作任何考虑的情况下填上去，犯了不该犯的错。2、注意固定搭配根据空格前后之间的固定搭配关系来分析。如begoodat,beinterestedin,makeprogress,atleast,atmost,atlast,inthisway,payavisitto,takecareof,alotof,have a population of ， get on well with ，have a party ， give sb. sth. ，ask sb. to do sth.be /getusedto,spend-doing,sothat等等。三、“台阶式”

9、教学法“台阶式”教学法也许是在较短时间里提高缺词填空能力的途径之一。台阶一：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。对主语的判断arehelpfultostudents.(teach)ismoreimportanttomethanmoney.(healthy)SomefamousaregoingtogivelecturesinouruniversityinAugust.(science)ismyfavouritesport.(fish)stampsismyhobby.(collect)Key:1.Teache

10、rs2.Health3.scientists4.Fishing5.Collecting分析：以上练习中，填入词均为句子的主语。主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词(1-3题)；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或doing(4、5)。此外，形容词前加the,带连词的句子也可作主语。对谓语的判断Johnwasstandingonthestepofahouse.Anoldwomancovertohim.“Myboy,”a,“Isyourfatherathome?”“Yes,”ah_e_w_o_m_a_nJobheng.aTnrthebell.Sherangandrang,butthe

11、rewasnoanswer.AtlastshetbacktoJohnandsangrily,“Didntyousthatyourfatherwasathome?”“Idid”,answeredJohn,“butthisi_myhouse.”Key:cameaskedansweredringingturnedsaidsayisnt分析：语篇中所缺字除ringing以外均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。多做用动词的

12、适当形式填空有助于对动词形式的判断。对宾语的判断Mr.ChenwassurprisedtoseethefastinShanghaiafterhislongabsencefromthecity.(develop)Thefrontisingreatneedofmedical.(work)Thankyouforyour.(kind)Atlasthesoldhis.(invent)Key:1.development2.workers3.kindness4.invention分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同主语的词性一样，代词作宾语时必须用其宾格。对表语的判断Itisfo

13、ranordinaryplanetoflytothemoon.(possible)Thesickmanisgetting.(ill)Patrickisgoingtobea(n)whenhegrowsup.(engine)SuchcoldweatherisquiteinJuneandpeoplehavetowearwarmclothesagain.(usually)Itsatohaveapicnicwithallthemembe(rs.please)Key:1.impossible2.worse3.engineer4.unusual5.pleasure分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形

14、容词，名词,介词短语。动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。对定语的判断TheexamsusuallytakeplaceattheendofJune.(finally)Onanight,youcanseethousandsofstarsinthesky.(clearly)Inweather,theoldhadbetterstayathome.(freeze)TheFrenchartistsaid,“itismytimetovisitShanghai.Ilovethiscitysomuch.(one)Mostpeopledontlikefood.(freeze)Whoisyourte

15、acher?(chemical)Key:(1)final(2)clear(3)freezing(4)first(5)frozen(6)chemistry分析:：定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如：stampshow/physicsteacher。动词必须变形为：todo,doing或done的形式。对状语的判断TheoldladycouldhardlybelievethatshehadgotthetravelpasstoHongKongso(easy)Watch,andyouwillfindthedifferencebetw

16、eenthetwopictures.(care)Afterflyinginthestormfornearlyonehour,thehelicopterlandedatlast.(safe)Key:(1)easily(2)carefully(3)safely状语：说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件，伴随情况的成分。词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语，动词必须变形为todo,doing或done。对连词的判断在英语中,并列连词and,but,or,so,notonlybutalso,eitheror,neitherbothan睢接并列的词，词组和句子；从属连词连接主句与从句。台阶

17、二：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”，提高对句子成分的判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母完形的第二步。台阶三：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力。Exercise:Guessthemissingword.arehelpfultostudents.arehelpfultostudents.Theygivethemknowledge.arehelpfultostudents.Inclasstheyteachthemknowledgeandafterclasstheycareforthemlikeparents.are

18、helpfultostudents.Theykeepthemhealthy.分析：按顺序做你会不假思索地得出答案，1-4均为Teachers,全部解完后再思考，似乎第一题答案不仅仅只有Teachers。按判断主语的结论，凡名词，只要合乎逻辑，都可作为第一题的答案，你会发现Books也可，继而得出结论：“一切有益于学生的复数名词均为正确答案，Exercises、Doctors、Police、Parentsb第二题受后一句knowledge的限制,答案要少一些：Teachers、Books，第三题限制更多，从“carefor判断主语只能是人，”Teacher*第四题受healthy的限制，最好填D

19、octors/Nurses。以上练习说明解完形填空需要如下技能：对所缺词的句子成分必须作出精确判断，然后填入正确的词性，即必须熟练掌握句子成分与词性的对应关系。必须训练自己扩散性思维能力，如同猜谜，因为词义的确定依靠着对句中限制性信息的判断得出。良好的语法基本功。在确定完词性与词义后，单复数、时态的确定建立在良好的语法基本功之上。台阶四：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段。Mr.Wuisgettingold.Heisltheschoolsoon.Thesinhisclasshavegivenhalotofp.Amongtarecards,note-books,photosandb

20、ooks.Mostofthecardsarembythestudentsthemselves.PhotoswillhMr.Wurememberthehappytwhenhewaswithhisstudents.Nextweek,twillhaveaptosgoodbyetohim.分析：通读短文以后发现Mr.Wu是一位老师.。从old可推断他不久要退休了,所以l应为谓语动词”leaving;s是第三句的主语”,结合have判断为students;h是give的宾语,判断为him;p的内容是cards,note-books所以判断为名词presents;t是介词”among的宾语,应为them;

21、m处于”bedoneby的结构中,应为过去分词made;h位于情态动词”will之后,应为动词原形help;t是”remember的宾语,并且受到happy的修饰应为time;t是主语”,名词或代词teachers/they;p是”have的宾语,前面有冠词,所以是名词party;s前有”to,分析成分为目的状语todo即tosay.台阶五：熟能生巧阶段。要做到举重若轻，必须在前四步的基础上作长期系统的训练，把上述知识演化为解题技能。Theuniverseiseverythingoutinspace.(1)knowshowbigtheuniverseis.Whenwetalk(2)theuni

22、verse,wemeantheearth,thesun,themoonandthestars.Nowletmetellyousomethingaboutourearth.Theearthisahugeball.Itturnsroundandroundinspace.(3)surfaceiscoveredbywaterandland.Ifyouareinaspaceplaneandlook(4)attheearthfromupinspace,youwillseelotsofcloudsoverthesurfaceoftheearth.Throughthecloudsyouwillseethebl

23、uecoloroftheoceansandseas.Almosttwo-thirdsoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.Weliveontheoutside(5)oftheearth.Aroundandaboveusistheair.Theearthtakestwenty-fourhourstoturnallthewayroundthatisonedayandonenight.Whenyourcountryisfacingthesun,itisdaytimeforyou.Butastheearthturnsyouawayfromthesun,everythingaroun

24、dyougrows(6).Key:Nobody(2)about(3)Itsdownpart(6)dark四、中考考纲词汇按词性整理说明：常考的用正常字体标出，比较难想到的用红色加粗标出。名词：A字母开头的：abilityaccidentactivityactoractressadditionaddressadvantageadvertisementaim(目的)all(全部，全体人员)ambitionamountanswer(回答，答复，答案)areaattentionB字母开头的:balancebasebeginningbeingbest(最好的人或物)bitblockbookbottomb

25、reak(休息)breathbroadcastbusinessbusinessmanC字母开头的：callcancelcapitalcasecausecenturychancecharitychemicalchemistrychoicecigarettecirclecitizenclasscollectioncollegecolourcompanycompetitionconcertconclusioncontrolcrossculturecustomcustomerD字母开头的：dailydarkdetaildietdifferencedifficultydisasterdistancedr

26、eamE字母开头的：earthearthquakeeducationeffectendenergyentranceenvironmentexampleexcuseexerciseexperienceexperimentF字母开头的：fablefactfavourfemalefigurefingerfisherrmanforecastforeignerformFrancefreedomFrenchfriendfriendshipfuelfunfurniturefutureG字母开头的：gamegasgeographygoalgradegraduategreenhouseguestH字母开头的：h

27、abithealthheartheatheighthistoryhobbyholidayhopehouseworkhumourI字母开头的：ideaincomeindustryinformationinventioninventorinvitationislandJ字母开头的：jamjournalistjourneyjoyjudgeK字母开头的：kindkindergartenknowledgeL字母开头的：languagelawlawyerlengthlielinklistlocationlockluckM字母开头的：machinemagazinemailmannermarketmatchm

28、attermealmemorymenumessagemethodmindminutemistakemomentmostmuchN字母开头的：neighbournetworknumberO字母开头的：offeropinionorderorganizationownerP字母开头的：painpaint（涂料，颜料）paintingpartpartnerpassengerperformanceplaceplanetpollutionpracticepresidentproblemprocessQ字母开头的：questionR字母开头的：reasonrecordrelativeresourceresp

29、onsibilityrestrestaurantresultrobberyrulerunS字母开头的:safesafetyservicesexsaucesayingsecretsecretarysectionsenseshameshapesightseeingsituationsizeskillsquarestorysuccesssupportsurfacesurprisesurveysystemT字母开头的：tasktemperaturethoughttickettraffictroubletrytypeU字母开头的：useV字母开头的：variatyW字母开头的：waywisdomwish

30、wonderworrywriter代词：B字母开头的：bothE字母开头的：eacheithereverybody/everyoneeverythingM字母开头的：manyN字母开头的：neithernobodynonenothingO字母开头的：oneotherS字母开头的：samesomesomebody/someonesomethingT字母开头的：thatthesethisthoseW字母开头的：whatwho形容词：A字母开头的：ableaccurateactiveallancientangryanotheranyattractiveautomaticavailableawfulB

31、字母开头的：badbeautifulbestbetterboringbothbraveC字母开头的：carefulcertainchangeablecheapchemicalclose（近的）coldcommoncompleteconfidentconvenientcorrectcrazycrowdedD字母开头的：dangerousdifferentdifficultdullE字母开头的：eacheasyeducationaleitherelseenjoyableenougheveryeverydayexcitedexcitingF字母开头的：fairfavouritefirstfitfol

32、lowingforeignforgetfulfreezingfreshG字母开头的：generalgladgoodgreatH字母开头的：hardworkinghealthyhelpfulHistoricalhorriblehungryI字母开头的：importantimpossibleindependentinterestedinterestingL字母开头的：lastlatelikelylimitedlocallowluckyM字母开头的：modernmoremostmuchN字母开头的：nearbynecessaryneithernervousnextownO字母开头的：onlyopen

33、oppositeordinaryotheroutdoorP字母开头的：paleperfectpersonalphysicalpreciousprettyprivatepublicR字母开头的：realregularresponsibleretiredS字母开头的：safesameseriousseveralsimplesomesparespecialsquarestraightstrangestrongsuccessfulsuchsureT字母开头的：teenageterriblethankfulthatthesethinthirstythisthosetoptraditionaltrueU字

34、母开头的：unhealthyunusualusefulusualupsetV字母开头的：variousW字母开头的：weakwellwhichwoodenwoundedwrongY字母开头的：young副词：A字母开头的：abroadactuallyafteragainagoaheadallalmostalongalreadyalsoalwaysangrilyanywhereasB字母开头的：backbeforebehindbestbothC字母开头的：carefullycertainlyclearlycloseE字母开头的：easilyeitherenoughespeciallyevenev

35、ereverywhereexactlyF字母开头的：farfinallyfirstforeverG字母开头的：gentlyH字母开头的：happilyhardhardlyheavilyherehomehowhoweverI字母开头的：immediatelyininsideinsteadJ字母开头的：justL字母开头的：lastlatelaterluckilyN字母开头的：nearlyneithernevernextnonotnowhereO字母开头的：oftenonceonlyoverP字母开头的：perhapspolitelypossiblyprobablyproperlyQ字母开头的：q

36、uicklyquiteR字母开头的：ratherreallyrecentlyrightS字母开头的：safelysecondseldomseriouslyslowlysosoftlysometimessoonstillsuddenlyT字母开头的：thentodaytogethertomorrowtooU字母开头的：underupusuallyW字母开头的：whatwhenwherewhyY字母开头的：yet动词：A字母开头的：acceptachieveaddaffordallowanswerapologizeappeararrangeattackattractB字母开头的：beatbitebookborrowbornbreakC字母开头的：cancelcarecausecelebratechangechooseclearclimbcollectcomparecomplaincompletecomfuseconnectconsistcontrolcopycorrectcreateD字母开头的：decidedecoratedescribedigdisappeardiscoverdisturbdropE字母开头的：e-mail/emailenableencourageendenjoyenterequalescapeexamineexpectexplaine