北京航空航天大学博士研究生入学考试试题一参考答案及详解

1、/zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu.html考博英语必备资料点击此处/zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu.html北京航空航天大学博士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题一PART1ListeningComprehension（20points）（略）PARTIIReadingComprehension（30points）Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthepart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem,thereare4choicesmarked

2、A,B,CandD.Readthepassagescarefullyanddecideonthebestchoice.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Passage1Unlesswespendmoneytospotandpreventasteroids（小行星）now,onemightcrashintoEarthanddestroylifeasweknowit,saysomescientists.Asteroidsarebiggerversionsofthemeteoro

3、ids（流星）thatraceacrossthenightsky.MostorbitthesunfarfromEarthanddontthreatenus.ButtherearealsothousandswhoseorbitsputthemonacollisioncoursewithEarth.Buy$40millionworthofnewtelescopesrightnow.Thenspend$10millionayearforthenext25yearstolocatemostofthespacerocks.Bythetimewespotafatalone,thescientistssay

4、,wellhaveawaytochangeitscourse.Somescientistsfavorpushingasteroidsoffcoursewithnuclearweapons.Butthecostwouldntbecheap.Isitworthit?Twothingsexpertsconsiderwhenjudginganyriskare:1）Howlikelytheeventis;and2）Howbadtheconsequencesiftheeventoccurs.Expertsthinkanasteroidbigenoughtodestroylotsoflifemightstr

5、ikeEarthonceevery400,000years.Soundsprettyrare-butifonedidfall,itwouldbetheendoftheworld.Ifwedonttakecareofthesebigasteroids,theylltakecareofus,saysonescientist.Itsthatsimple.Thecure,though,mightbeworsethanthedisease.DowereallywantfleetsofnuclearweaponssittingaroundonEarth?Theworldhaslesstofearfromd

6、oomsday（毁灭性的）rocksthanfromagreatnuclearfleetsetagainstthem,saidaNewYorkTimesarticle.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutasteroidsandmeteoroids?Theyareheavenlybodiesdifferentincomposition.Theyareheavenlybodiessimilarinnature.Therearemoreasteroidsthanmeteoroids.Asteroidsaremoremysteriousthanmeteoroids.Whatdosci

7、entistssayaboutthecollisionofanasteroidwithEarth?Itisveryunlikelybutthedangerexists.Suchacollisionmightoccuronceevery25years.CollisionsofsmallerasteroidswithEarthoccurmoreoftenthanexpected.考博英语必备资料点击此处/zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu.htmlItsstilltooearlytosaywhethersuchacollisionmightoccur.Whatdopeoplethinkoft

8、hesuggestionofusingnuclearweaponstoalterthecourseofasteroids?Itsoundspracticalbutitmaynotsolvetheproblem.Itmaycreatemoreproblemsthanitmightsolve.ItisawasteofmoneybecauseacollisionofasteroidswithEarthisveryunlikely.Furtherresearchshouldbedonebeforeitisprovedapplicable.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat.

9、whilepushingasteroidsoffcoursenuclearweaponswoulddestroytheworldasteroidsracingacrossthenightskyarelikelytohitEarthinthenearfuturetheworryaboutasteroidscanbelefttofuturegenerationssinceitisunlikelytohappeninourlifetimeworkablesolutionsstillhavetobefoundtopreventacollisionofasteroidswithEarth.Whichof

10、thefollowingbestdescribestheauthorstoneinthispassage?Optimistic.B.Critical.C.Objective.D.Arbitrary.Passage2Believeitornot,opticalillusion（错觉）cancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Bentstripes,calledchevrons（人字形）pa

11、intedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslowdown.NowtheAmericanAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapanssuccess.Startingnextyear,thefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountryto

12、testhowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.Excessivespeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,thefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazardsarethegreatest-curves,exitslopes,trafficcircles,andbridges.Somestud

13、iessuggestthatstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbar.Chevrons,scientistssay，notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakeal

14、aneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.Thepassagemainlydiscusses.anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrolB.anewpatternforpaintinghighwaysC.anewapproachtotrainingdriversD.anewtypeofopticalillusionOnroadspaintedwithchevronsdriverstendtofeelthat.theysho

15、uldavoidspeed-relatedhazardsB.theyaredrivinginthewronglane考博英语必备资料点击此处/zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu.htmlC.theyshouldslowdowntheirspeedD.theyareapproachingthespeedlimitTheadvantageofchevronsoverstraight,horizontalbarsisthattheformer.cankeepdriversawakeB.cancutroadaccidentsinhalfC.willhavealongereffectondrive

16、rsD.willlookmoreattractiveTheAmericanAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplanst.tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareasB.changetheroadsignsacrossthecountryC.replacestraighthorizontalbarswithchevronsD.repeattheJapaneseroadpatternsWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroads?Theya

17、refallingoutofuseintheUnitedStates.Theytendtobeignoredbydriversinashortperiodoftime.Theyareapplicableonlyonbroadroads.Theycannotbeappliedsuccessfullytotrafficcircles.Passage3Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch,suchasarticlestoappearinjournals,reportsaddressedtofundingagencies,thesesordisser

18、tationsaspartoftherequirementsforuniversitydegrees,andpaperstobepresentedatconferences.Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhomtheyaddress.Wewillnowbrieflydescribethem.Thejournalarticleisawayofreportingresearchforprofessionaljournalsoreditedcollections.Theresearchisre

19、portinginabrief,yetinformativeway,focusingmostlyonthemainfeaturesoftheresearchsuchasthepurpose,reviewoftheliterature(oftenreferredtoasbackground),proceduresusedforcarryingouttheresearchaccompaniedbytables,charts,andgraphs,andinterpretationsoftheresults(oftenreferredtoasdiscussion).Thecontentandempha

20、sisofthejournalarticlewillvaryaccordingtotheintendedreaders(researchorpractitioners)anditisimportantfortheresearchertobeawareofthebackgroundandinterestofthereadersofthejournal.Articlesintendedtobereadbypractitionerswillemphasizethepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch,whilearticlesint

21、endedtobereadbyresearcherswilldescribeindetailthemethodusedtocollectdata,theconstructionofdatacollectionprocedures,andthetechniquesusedforanalyzingthedata.Itisimportantforthenoviceresearchertobeawareofthefactthatarticlessubmittedtojournalsgothroughaprocessofevaluationbyexpertswhomakeajudgmentandreco

22、mmendwhethertheyshouldbepublishedornot.Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswriteaspartoffulfillingtherequirementsforanadvancedacademicdegree.Thestudentisexpectedtodescribeingreatdetailallthephasesoftheresearchsoitcanbeexaminedandevaluatedcarefullybythereader.Thus

23、thethesisordissertationincludesthepurposeandsignificanceofthestudy,therationale,athoroughreviewoftheliterature,detailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionofdataanalysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheformofconclusions,implications,

24、andrecommendation.ThisCC网全球领先的交互式教育在线平台考博英语必备资料点击此处www,c2cedu,com/zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu,html考博英语必备资料点击此处/zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu.htmldetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudentsabilitytocarryoutresearch.Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearc

25、hatconferences,seminarsandcolloquia.Atsuchmeetingsresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally.Theyaresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconcise,yetinformativeway,focusingonthemostessentialelementsoftheresearch.Handoutsandtransparenciescanalsoaccompanythepresentations.Aswiththeresearcha

26、rticle,heretoo,thecontentandemphasisoftheoralreportwilldependtoalargeextentonthetypeofaudiencepresentatthemeeting.andwhethertheyareresearchersorpractitioners.ThebesttitleforthispassagecouldbeA.TypesofResearchReportsB.TypesofJournalArticlesC.WritingofresearchReportsD.WritingofDifferentArticlesThecomm

27、onaspectforthejournalarticles,thesesandconferencepapersliesinthatA.theyareallforthepractitionersB.theyarealltobereadbyresearchersC.theyareallforbeingpublishedD.theyareallformsofreportingresearchWecandistinguishthoseresearchreportsfromeachothermainlythroughA.theirwritingstyleandlengthB.theiraimsandpo

28、ssibleaudiencesC.theirpresentedplacesandtimeD.theircontentandpurposesWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthispassage?Bothjournalarticlesandconferencepapersarereportedinabriefandinformativeway.Allthethesesordissertationsandconferencepapersarereportedinspokenlanguages.Boththejournalarticlesan

29、dconferencepapersareinfluencedgreatlybytheintendedreceivers.Thevariousformatsofresearchreportsmaybepresentedindifferentways.Howcanaprofessorevaluateastudentscapabilityofimplementingtheresearch?Byconcentratingonthemainfactorslikethepurpose,background,proceduresanddiscussion.Byemphasizingthepracticali

30、mplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch.Byfocusingonthedetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchsuchasthetools,procedures,theprocessofdataanalysis,theresults,conclusions,etc.Bynoticingthedetailedmethodusedtocollectthedata,theconstructionofthedatacollectionprocedures,thetechniquesforanalyzingth

31、edateandresults,etc.Passage4Inrecentyears,manyAmericansofbothsexesandvariousageshavebecomeinterestedinimprovingtheirbodies.Theyhavebecomedevotedtophysicalfitness.Theneedtoexercisehasalmostbecomecompulsivewithmanypersonswhohaveastrongdesiretobemorephysicallyfit.Bynature,Americansareenthusiasticandene

32、rgeticabouttheirhobbiesandpastimes.Theyapplythisenthusiasm,andenergytojogging/running.Asaresult,therearerunningclubstojoinand HYPERLINK /zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu.html /zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu.htmlCC网全球领先的交互式教育在线平台考博英语必备资料点击此处www,c2cedu,com/zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu,html/zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu.html考博英语必备资料点击此处/zhu

33、anti/kaobo/yingyu.htmlmanybooksandmagazinestoreadaboutrunning.Thedesiretobephysicallyfitisexplainedbyapassionforgoodhealth.Thehighrateofheartattacksinthe1960scausedanincreaseonthepartofthepublicinimprovingthehumanbody.Middle-agedmenespeciallysufferfromheartattacks.Thus,theyareonegroupstronglyinteres

34、tedinmorephysicalexercise.Infact,manydoctorsencouragetheirpatientstobecomemorephysicallyactive,especiallythosewhohavesedentaryjobs.Itisinterestingtonotethattherateofheartattacksbegantodecreaseinthe1970sanditisstilldecreasing.PhysicalfitnesscurrentlyenjoysafavoredroleintheUnitedStates.Itisanewlovetha

35、tmanyAmericanshavecherished.Willitlastlong?Onlytimewilltelloruntilanothernewpassioncomesalong.Inrecentyears,manyAmericanshavebecomeinterestedinimprovingtheirbodiesbecausetheyareenthusiasticabouttheirhobbiesandpastimestheyhaveastrongdesiretobemorephysicallyfittherearemanyrunningclubstojointhereareman

36、ybooksandmagazinestoreadaboutrunningThepassageimpliesthatisagreatfavoriteofmanyAmericans,menandwomen,oldandyoung.A.jogging/runningB.joiningrunningclubsC.readingbooksandmagazinesaboutrunningD.goinginforallkindsofsportsMiddle-agedmensufferingfromheartattacksarecompulsivejoggersareencouragedbytheirdoct

37、orstogoinforjogging/runningareinterestedintakingmorephysicalexerciseareenthusiasticandenergeticabouthobbiesandpastimesInthesentenceInfact,manydoctorsencouragetheirpatientstobecomemorephysicallyactive,especiallythosewhohavesedentaryjobs,thewordsedentarymeansA.involvingphysicalworkB.needingmuchsitting

38、C.energy-consumingD.sleep-producingAccordingtothepassage,willtheloveforphysicalexerciselastlongforAmericans?A.Yes.B.No.C.Somebodycantell.D.Itishardtotell.PARTIIIVocabulary(10points)Directions:Inthispart,thereare20sentenceswithfourchoicesbeloweachsentence.Choosethebestonefromthe4choices.Thenmarktheco

39、rrespondingletteroiltheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Notuntilthegamehadbegun_atthesportsground.A.shouldhehavearrivedB.hadhearrivedC.didhearriveD.wouldhehadarrived考博英语必备资料点击此处/zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu.htmlNeitheratthismeetingnoratthepreviousonetheproposal.A.theydidnotdiscussB.didtheydiscussC

40、.dotheydiscussD.wouldtheydiscussThemoleculesofgasesmovemorefreelythan_A.doliquidsandsolidsB.liquidsandsolidsdoC.dothoseofliquidsandsolidsD.thosedoofliquidsandsolidsThetallerthecontainer,atthebottom.A.thegreaterwillthewaterpressurebeB.thewaterpressurewillbegreaterC.thegreaterwillbethewaterpressureD.g

41、reaterthewaterpressurewillbefromthetenthfloorwhenthepolicemanpointedhispistolathim.A.JumpeddowntheburglarB.DowntheburglarjumpedC.TheburglarjumpeddownD.DownjumpedtheburglarTothenorthofthecity_asmallisland.A.lainB.liesC.wasthereD.therelaysshefirstheardofthemanreferredtoasaspecialist.A.ThatwasfromSteph

42、enB.ItwasStephenwhomC.ItwasfromStephenthatD.ItwasStephenthatWasit_theprofessorregardedwithsuchcontempt?A.themwhoB.themwhomC.hewhoD.those_theEuropeansbegantolearnhowtousethecompassontheirships.A.Itwasnotuntilthe12thcenturywhenB.Hardlyitwasthe12thcenturythanC.Nosooneritwasthe12thcenturywhenD.Itwasnotu

43、ntilthe12thcenturythatWhenItrytounderstandthatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwocauses.A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoesC.whatitisD.whyitisMoreoftenitisthePresident,andnotthemembersofhiscabinet,_thepopulace.A.whoappealtoB.towhomappealtoC.whomappealstoD.whoappeal

44、stoOnthelargeboardinthemainhalloftheairport.youcaneasilyfindthedifferentDestinations_whichairlinescantakeyou.A.inB.ofC.toD.byNotuntilactuallyfacedwithwaterscarcity_appreciatethevalueofwatertoaregion.A.onecanB.onecannotC.canoneD.cannotoneMostpeopledontthinkofastampasareceipt,butthatis_itreallyisaproo

45、fofjusthowmuchmoneyyouhavepaidinadvanceformaildelivery.A.whatB.whyC.howD.whoWithoutwaterfromtheNileRiver,Egypt_afarmingcountryandbecomeadesert.A.willceasetobeB.wouldceasetobeCC网全球领先的交互式教育在线平台考博英语必备资料点击此处www,c2cedu,com/zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu,html考博英语必备资料点击此处/zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu.htmlC.willceasebeingD.w

46、ouldceasebeingAlthoughherefusedtoactonmysuggestion,hehadtoadmitthatwhatIsaid.A.itwassomethinginB.therewassomethingasC.itwassomethingasD.therewassomethinginThereislittle,_,farminginthatareaandallyoucanseeismilesofwildcountryside.A.ifsoB.ifsuchC.ifnotD.ifanyInhislecture,theeducationexpertemphasizedthe

47、factthatnowadayschildrenareexposedtomanyinfluencesthatoftheirfamilies.A.ratherthanB.otherthanC.exceptforD.butforThesingeronthestagehasayoung_faceandavoiceofan_A.boy.angelB.boys.angelC.boy.angelsD.boys.angelsAnewmaterial,wehavegoodreasontobeoptimistic.A.developedB.beingdevelopedC.wasbeingdevelopedD.w

48、asdevelopedPARTIVCloze(10points)Directions:Inthispart,thereareincompletesentencesinthefollowingpassage.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Whatattractscustomers?Obviou

49、slythequalityofaproductdoes,butvisualimages_61agreatdeal.Itisnotonlytheimageprovidedbythepackagingthat62butthewholecorporate63ofthecompany.Therearenowmanyproductsandservicesonthemarketwhicharesimilarincontent64producedbydifferentcompanies.Itisvital,therefore,foracompanyto65itselffromitscompetitorsby

50、havingastrongcompanyimagewhichisimmediately66Logosarepartofthisimage.Theyare67whichoftenincludeanameorinitialstoidentifyacompany.Thelogoestablishesa68_identityforthecompany,justasdifferentgroupsofyoungpeopleexpresstheiridentitythroughhairstylesandclothes.Allgroupsfromallculturesand69theageshaveusedc

51、olorsandsymbolstoshowtheiridentity.Indifferentcultures,differentcolors70differentmeanings.Somecolorsmaybeconnectedwithcoldnessinonecultureandwith71inanother:somecolorsrepresent72inoneculturebutdeathinanother.Internationalcompanieshave,73-tomakesurethattheirlogoswillnotbemisunderstoodormisinterpreted

52、indifferentcountries.Manycompanieshave,overtheyears,74theirlogostofitinwithcontemporarydesignandtopresentmorepowerfulimages.Companylogoscanbeemotiveandcan_75loyaltyby76theinstinct.Somelogos77anideaoftheproduct,andacaseinpointisthesteeringwheelintheMercedeslogo.Logosareusedonletterheads,packagingand7

53、8aswellasontheproductitself.Theymayalsoappearinnewspapersorontelevisionaspartofanadvertising79.Companiesneedtohaveastrongcorporateidentity.Thelogohelpstopromotethisimageand HYPERLINK /zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu.html /zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu.htmlCC网全球领先的交互式教育在线平台考博英语必备资料点击此处www,c2cedu,com/zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu

54、,html/zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu.html考博英语必备资料点击此处/zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu.htmltofixitinthemindsofthe80.Logos,therefore,needtobeoriginalandtohaveimpactandstyle.61.A.attributeB.contributeC.devoteD.attract62.A.concernsB.involvesC.countsD.means63.A.featuresB.qualityC.identityD.status64.A.insteadB.andC.thoughD.as

55、65.A.existB.isolateC.holdD.distinguish66.A.observableB.differentiableC.recognizableD.accountable67.A.symbolsB.signsC.signalsD.indications68.A.visibleB.visualC.briefD.explicit69.A.inB.throughoutC.forD.between70.A.containB.carryC.predominateD.convey71.A.mildnessB.consolationC.affectionD.warmth72.A.lif

56、eB.loveC.liveD.alive73.A.otherwiseB.stillC.thereforeD.additionally74.A.continuedB.keptC.changedD.refreshed75.A.promoteB.inspireC.promptD.stir76.A.regardingB.impressingC.influencingD.effecting77.A.combineB.collaborateC.incorporateD.blend78.A.coversB.brochuresC.contentsD.volumes79.A.movementB.planC.ca

57、mpaignD.function80.A.consumersB.employersC.reportersD.manufacturersPARTVTranslation(15points)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET(2).Thefactknowntousisthatwar,differentfromwhatmanypeoplebelieveittobe,isnotcompletelyanoutcomeofh

58、umanity.Otherwise，warandviolenceamongpeoplewouldexistinallthehumanhistoryorahnostallsocieties.However,thisisnotthetruth.Archaeologistsinvestigationresultsseemtosuggestthatmenlivedquiteapeacefullifelongago.Forexample,amongancientFrenchcavedrawingswhichwereearlierthan10,000B.C.,therewerenopicturesdesc

59、ribingpeoplefightingwitheachother.Thisindicatesthat,inthatearlyperiodofmankind,fightamongpeoplewascomparativelyrare.Inacertainway,thisdiscoveryisnotsurprisingatall:intheworldofanimals,itsrareforonetopreyonanotherofitsownspecies.Theydokillotherkindsofanimals,butnottheirown.Likemostanimals,theproporti

60、onofinnerviolenceamongearlyhumanbeingswasrelativelysmall.Therefore,warisnottheinherentoutcomeofhumanitybutthatofcertainsocialandculturalconditions.考博英语必备资料点击此处/zhuanti/kaobo/yingyu.htmlPARTVIWriting(15points)Directions:A.Studythefollowinggraphcarefullyandwriteanessayin200words.B.Youressayshouldmeett