英语九大词性归纳修订稿

1、英语九大词性归纳集团档案编码：YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08九大词性L noun(n.) 名词：to describe a person or thing 英语中的名词根据是否可数乂分为可数与不可数名词。 (1)可数名词可数名词规则变化：规则变化构成方法例词一般情况加-S如：pens、girls以 “s, x, ch, sh” 结 尾加-es如：bus-buses、box-boxesWatch-watchesdish-dishes以辅音字母-y结尾变y改i再加es如：baby-babies、 family-families以元音字母-y结尾加-s如：boy-boys

2、day-days以辅音字母-。结尾加一es如：potatoes、 tomatoes以元音字母-。结尾加-S如：photos以f或fe结尾的变f或fe为V再加es如：half-halves、 wife-wives thief-thieves可数名词不规则变化A、单复数同形：deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheepB、词尾发生变化：ox-oxen child-childrenC、内部单词发生变化：foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese woman-women man-men mouse-micepoliceman-polieemenD、表示某国人时

3、，中日不变,英法变，其他国家加s：（1）Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese（2）Frenchman- Frenchmen Englishman- Englishmen（3）German-Germans Ru s s i an-Ru s s i an s Americans特殊情况.另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。如：people, police, trousers, pants, clothes, scissors.有些名词以s结尾，但不是复数形式，如：news, maths, physics, politics iii.有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数

4、名词，如：room （空间）一a room （房间）work （工作）一works （着作）（2）不可数名词：（前面不能用a, an等来修饰）到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有：A 液体类:water： juice, tea , soup , milk, cola, coffeeB 肉类:meat, beef, pork, muttonC粉末类：breadD 抽象名词类 news, information, money, advice, friendship, work, homework, housework schoolwork , help ,fun,health,priceE 食物类：f

5、ood, broccoli, rice, porridge, junk food , tofu不可数名词计量的表达：A个数单位词:piece （张、片、块、条），如：a piece of newsB 容器单位词：bottle （瓶），bag （包），box （盒、箱）如：a bottle of milkC类别单位词:kind（种、类）D度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤)翻译下面的词组:L两杯咖啡：2.四块面包：3.七袋大米：4.八只鹿：5.一滴水：6.三个男孩：(3)名词所有格(翻译为：的)：构成方法例句一般在有生命名词后加s构成Linda s desk若以s结尾复数名词，则在S后加S,若

6、不是以S结尾复数名词，则加Sthe boys friends the children s day表示儿个人共同的东西，只在最后一个人后 加SLucy and Lily s mother表示几个人都分别有的东西，则每个人都 加SLucy s and Lily s book表示时间、距离的名词可以加S或构 成所有格形式Today s newspaperFifteen minutes walk表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有 格后面的名词at my uncle s =at my uncle s home表示无生命事物的所有关系：一般用.of.结构来表示无生命的名词所有格:a map of C

7、hina 中国地图 the name of the film 书的封面the cover of the book电影的名字 1用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：The two girls are ( Japan )The( baby ) are asleep3. Do you know the two( man teacher )当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。eg.an apple tree, five apple trees, a girl friend, two girl friends, a twin sister但是，当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用

8、其复数形式。eg. two men teachers, three women doctorsThe ( child ) are washing their ( foot ).There are two ( people ) and lots of ( sheep ) in the fields .September 10 is ( teacher ) Day .I think physics ( be )more interesting than mathsDon t you think the ( radio ) are too noisyWhose ( knife )are these“

9、 Whose house is this It s the ( Smith )” .2. verb (v.)动词eg. do, make, go, take, bring英语中动词根据其后是否可以加宾语乂分为:Vt.(及物动词)eg. speak, give, singVi.（不及物动词）eg. run, work英语中动词有5中形态：原形，形式，过去式，过去分词（用于完成时或被动语态 中），现在分词do does did done doingwork works worked worked workingI动词第三人称单数形式变化（三单变化）规则变化动词原形三单变化直接+shelp/make

10、helps/makes以字母s/x/ch/sh 为结尾+esguess/wash/watchguesses/washes/watches以“辅音字母+y” 为结尾，变y为 i+esstudy/carry/flystudies/carries/flie s以。为结尾的部分 单词+esdo/godoes/goes特殊变化havehasII.动词过去式和过去分词变化（1）规则变化规则变化动词原形过去式和过去分词直接+edwork/call/wantworked/called/wanted以“辅音字母+y”为结 尾，变y为i+edstudy/try/carrystudied/tried/carried

11、重读闭音节元音+辅音结 尾+edstop/planstopped/p1anned以字母e为结尾+dlive/hopelived/hoped（2）不规则变化需要单独记忆 III动词的现在分词形式变化规则变化动词原形现在分词直接+inghelp/workhelping/working以e为结尾，去e加ingmake/movemaking/moving重读闭音节元音+辅音结尾 +ingget/begingetting/beginnin g以ie为结尾，变ie为 y+inglie/die/tielying/dying/tying时态（找时间标志词）：一般现在时：结构：am / is / areplay

12、 / plays判断: sometimes, often, usually, always, every, 在if / as soon as等复合句中，主将从现 1. If you hard, you will pass the exam.A. studiesB. studyC. will studyD. is studying现在进行时：结构：am / is /are playing判断：Look, Listen, now, Where s sb?典型例题：一一Where s eom I want to go shopping with her.-She in the bedroom.A.

13、readsB. readC is readingD. has read一般过去时：结构： was / wereplayed判断： yesterday, last，ago 及语境.典型例题：一一You look tired. What did you do yesterday-I till night.A. worksB. worked一般将来时：结构：will play判断： tomorrow, next 及语境，在if /as soon as等主从复合句中，主将从现.典型例题：She me as soon as she gets there.A. calls B. call C. calle

14、dD. will call过去进行时：结构： was /were playing判断： at that time, at this time , yesterday , by+过去时间，by the end of+过去时间常用于带有when/ while的主从复合句中. 典型例题：Mom in the kitchen when I got home.A. cooksB. cookC. was cookingD. cookedI my homework at this time yesterday .A. did B. do C. will do D. was doing现在完成时（动作从过去持

15、续到现在）:结构： has / have played判断：just, already, yet, ever, never, so far （到目前为止）次数（once, twice）since+时间点，for +时间段，how long典型例题：He in the factory for two years.A. worksC. is workingB. workedD. has worked被动语态 (主语与谓语构成被动关系)：主语+be (am/is/was/were/wi 11 be)+done如：(D The hole should(dig) deep enough. The stu

16、dents(tell) to clean the classroom.情态动词(can (could) , may (might), must , shall (should), will (would), dare (dared)敢，need等，另外,have to、had better也当作情态动词使用)后加 动词原形ATom (come) from America. Nowhe(teach) English in a middle school in Beijing. In his free time, hewould like_ (go) in for a traditional sp

17、ortso that he can(learn) more about Chinese.BNow, people use satellitesto do many things. So far, man(invent) four kinds of satellites. One of them(use) to study the weather.(2)AHenry, a 14-year-old boy, used (be )too fat to play sports. He went to the doctor and(tell) to have a balanced diet. So he

18、 tried (not eat) too much meat or sugar because they might make himget heavier. Now he isn t fat at all. He does sports every day and (become) a member of the school soccer team. Next week Henry will take part in the school sports meet.BMy mother is very kind and easygoing, she helps me a lot. I(tak

19、e) good care of in mydaily lifeby her. When I m in trouble, she always encourages me to face my difficulties. With her help, I(become) a top student in my classalready. I believe she(be) proud of mein the near future.adjective (adj.)形容词eg. good, beautiful, nice, happy, long 英语中形容词有两种形式：比较级和最高级eg. go

20、od- better- best nice- nicer- nicest1.比较级、最高级的构成一般在词尾加er或estgreat greatergreatest以e结尾的只加r或stnicenicernicest以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i,再加e 或esheavy easierheavier- easiestheaviest easy busy busierbusiest funny funnier funniest early earlier-pearliest以重读闭音节结尾的词，先双写最末的一个 辅音字母，再加er或estbig bigger biggest ,thinthinn

21、er thinnest,fatfatterffattest, fit-fitterfittest音节和部分双音节词，前加more为比较级， 加（the）most为最高级careful-more carefulmost carefuluseful more useful most usefulpopular-more popular-most popular不规则变化的词good / well-better-bestbad / ill / badlyworseworstmany / much-more-most littlelessleastoldfolder / elderoldest （指年

22、龄大小）/ eldest （指长幼顺序）farf farther / further-farthest （指距 离）/ furthest （指程度）2.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法（形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the） （1）形容词和副词比较级的用法用于两者比较，表示“比更”（than前加比较级）：eg.I am two years older than my little sister.用于两者之间的同级画7表示“和一样”（as+原级+as）： eg.Bill is as funny as his father.表示表在某方面不如乙:“A+系动词+not +as / so+形容i司原级+a

23、s十B（as/so+原级+as）eg. These books aren， t as interesting as those.表示某个范围内的三者相比:“the+最高级+of短语（比较范围）+复数名词”-eg. Penny is the tallest of these girls. . Penny 是这些女孩中最高的一 个。表示“越来越”：“比较级+and+比较级”eg. In spring the days are getting longer and longer.在春天,白天变得越 来越长。表示“越越”：the+比较级the+比较级”eg. The mort： you practic

24、e using English, the better you* 11 learn it 你 英语练得越多，就会学得越好。在比较级中，为了避免重复，可用that或those代替前面提到过的事情。The pants in this shop are a lot better than those（=the pants） in that shop.这家商店的裤子比那家商店的裤子质量好得多。adverb（adv.）副词eg. fast, quickly, badly, well, happily 及频率副词：much, （a） little, a bit, very, so, too英语中副词也有两

25、种形式：比较级和最高级eg. fast-faster-fatest副词可修饰动词与形容词，分别放在动词之后，形容词前。Eg:She speaks English well.He has a very nice watch.(1)About 20 minutes later, Lizzie managed to(success) pull herselfThe river was so polluted that it （actual） caught fireand burned.If so, you can （simple） do some online shopping.（4）They we

26、re （extreme） close!pronoun （pron.）代词eg. this, that, it, she, he, I, you, they 英语中代词有：，指示代词人称代词乂有主格和，形容词性物主代词和I是主格作主语，一般位于句首。my是形容词性物主代词，用于名词前作定语：我的，如：my bookme的宾格形式，位于动词后作宾语，如：you understand me你懂我吗？mine是名词性物主代词，相当于my+名词的意义如：It is mine=it is my book.Mine is missing=my pen is missing.主格IyouhesheItweyo

27、uthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容词 性物主代词myyourhisheritsourYourtheir名词性 物主代 词mineYourshishersitsoursyoursTheirs带有反身代词的常用短语。teach oneself 自学help oneself to 随便吃些吧learn. . by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 过得愉快不定代词（1）each每个/各个”（强调个体）every每个/各个”（强调全体）both表示两者“都”（强调全体）all “全体/大家/ 一切”用于三者以上either “两者之一”，用于两者（强调个体）

28、（either of）neither 两个都不，用于否定两者。（neither of）none “没有一个人/物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可数名词（none of+ 可数名词）one用来代替前面刚提到的一个东西或一个人，以免重复；复数ones用来 代替前面提到的一些物或一些人few（+复数名词），不可数名词）表示“没多/很少”（表否定）。a few（+复数名词），a little（+不可数名词）表示“有一些/有儿 个”（表肯定表1. O onethe other表示两个人或两件东西中的“一个另一个”O OO#O one another表示不定数目中的“一个与“另一个”。O one the ot

29、hers强调在一定范围中的一个与“其余的”。OOO somethe others表“一部分”与“其余的 全部” O 疑问代词who / whom 谁（指人）.（2）whose谁的（作定语）which哪一个，哪一些（指人或物）what什么（指物）preposition （prep.）介词eg. in, on, by, at, under, behind, from, to, for, with, 介词为英语中的小词，但它们的作用可大着呢！numeral （num.）数词eg. one, two, three, first, sencond, third数词分为和两类注意下列变化：(1)不规则变化

30、one-first, twosecond, three-third, five-fifth, eight- eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfih(2)以y结尾的十位整数，变y为ie再加thtwenty- twentieth, fortyfortieth, ninety-ninetiethconjunction (conj.)连词eg. and, but, because, so, after, before, then, 连词连接两个句子，并能表示两个句子之间的关系 I从属连词（用来引导从句）引导时间状语从句：after, since, as soon as引导

31、原因状语从句：because, 引导目的状语从句：s。that, 引导结果状语从句：so that,before, when, while, as, until, till,as, sincein order that 为(sothat, such. . that 以至于article （art.）冠词英语中冠词共3个，分为两类：不定冠词a an、定冠词the （选择时可选择代 入翻译）如：23. Look at horse over there.A. a B. an C. the D. /25. There is old woman in the car.A. / B. the C. a D. an不定冠词：a an 一个”文章第一次提到的人或事物表示“每一（个），相当于 every。（twice a week. =twice every week）定冠词：the “那个”文章第二次提到的人或事物用在形容最高级和部分比较级前。the taller用在序数词前。the second day of a week用在世界上独一无二的事物前（如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙 等）。the ear