《大学英语》第四册全册上课讲义

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。大学英语第四册全册大学英语第四册精品教案全册ContentsTOCo1-3uUnitOne:FightingwiththeForcesofNaturePAGEREF_Toc128379643h1TextA:TheIcyDefenderPAGEREF_Toc128379644h1ContentPAGEREF_Toc128379645h1GrammarPAGEREF_Toc128379646h1BackgroundInformationPAGEREF_Toc128379647h1NapoleonPAGERE

2、F_Toc128379648h1TheBattleofWaterlooPAGEREF_Toc128379649h2HitlerPAGEREF_Toc128379650h2WorldWarIIPAGEREF_Toc128379651h3SiegeofLeningrad列宁格勒保卫战PAGEREF_Toc128379652h3LanguagePointsPAGEREF_Toc128379653h3HomeworkPAGEREF_Toc128379654h7TextB:TheNormandyLandingPAGEREF_Toc128379655h7DifficultPoints:PAGEREF_To

3、c128379656h7In-classActivitiesPAGEREF_Toc128379657h8AnswertotranslationPAGEREF_Toc128379658h8UnitTwo:SmartCarsPAGEREF_Toc128379659h8TextA:SmartCarsPAGEREF_Toc128379660h8ContentPAGEREF_Toc128379661h8GrammarPAGEREF_Toc128379662h8BackgroundInformationPAGEREF_Toc128379663h8GlobalPositioningSystemPAGEREF

4、_Toc128379664h8IntelligentTransportationSystemsPAGEREF_Toc128379665h9LanguagePointsPAGEREF_Toc128379666h10HomeworkPAGEREF_Toc128379667h13TextB:IntelligentVehiclesPAGEREF_Toc128379668h13词汇辨析PAGEREF_Toc128379669h13DifficultPointsPAGEREF_Toc128379670h13In-classActivitiesPAGEREF_Toc128379671h14Answertot

5、ranslationPAGEREF_Toc128379672h14UnitThree:JobInterviewPAGEREF_Toc128379673h14TextA:GettheJobYouWantPAGEREF_Toc128379674h14ContentPAGEREF_Toc128379675h14GrammarPAGEREF_Toc128379676h14asasPAGEREF_Toc128379677h14ifnotPAGEREF_Toc128379678h15BackgroundInformationPAGEREF_Toc128379679h15Jordan,MichaelPAGE

6、REF_Toc128379680h15Landy,JohnMichaelPAGEREF_Toc128379681h15Bannister,SirRogerPAGEREF_Toc128379682h15TheNewYorkMarathonPAGEREF_Toc128379683h16Rockefeller洛克菲勒财团PAGEREF_Toc128379684h16LanguagePointsPAGEREF_Toc128379685h16HomeworkPAGEREF_Toc128379686h19TextB:AMortalFlowerPAGEREF_Toc128379687h19Difficult

7、PointsPAGEREF_Toc128379688h19In-classActivitiesPAGEREF_Toc128379689h20SomeDosandDontsinjobinterviewPAGEREF_Toc128379690h20AnswertotranslationPAGEREF_Toc128379691h21UnitFour:TheMulticulturalSocietyPAGEREF_Toc128379692h21TextA:AmericaasaCollagePAGEREF_Toc128379693h21ContentPAGEREF_Toc128379694h21Gramm

8、arPAGEREF_Toc128379695h21havea/thesensethatinthesensePAGEREF_Toc128379696h21BackgroundInformationPAGEREF_Toc128379697h21pluralismPAGEREF_Toc128379698h21multiculturalism文化多元主义PAGEREF_Toc128379699h22TheThirdWorldPAGEREF_Toc128379700h22LanguagePointsPAGEREF_Toc128379701h23HomeworkPAGEREF_Toc128379702h2

9、5TextB:WhatsAmericanaboutAmerica?PAGEREF_Toc128379703h26DifficultPointsPAGEREF_Toc128379704h26In-classActivitiesPAGEREF_Toc128379705h26UnitFive:CrueltyPAGEREF_Toc128379706h26TextA:AFriendinNeedPAGEREF_Toc128379707h26ContentPAGEREF_Toc128379708h26GrammarPAGEREF_Toc128379709h27ithappenedthatPAGEREF_To

10、c128379710h27usedtodoPAGEREF_Toc128379711h27canthelpdoingPAGEREF_Toc128379712h27BackgroundInformationPAGEREF_Toc128379713h27Maugham,W(illiam)SomersetPAGEREF_Toc128379714h27Hemingway,ErnestMillerPAGEREF_Toc128379715h27LanguagePointsPAGEREF_Toc128379716h28HomeworkPAGEREF_Toc128379717h32TextB:ManoftheW

11、orldPAGEREF_Toc128379718h32DifficultPointsPAGEREF_Toc128379719h32In-classActivitiesPAGEREF_Toc128379720h33AnswertoquestionPAGEREF_Toc128379721h33UnitSix:ThePaceofLifePAGEREF_Toc128379722h33TextA:OldFatherTimeBecomesaTerrorPAGEREF_Toc128379723h33ContentPAGEREF_Toc128379724h33GrammarPAGEREF_Toc1283797

12、25h34apartPAGEREF_Toc128379726h34careaboutPAGEREF_Toc128379727h34BackgroundInformationPAGEREF_Toc128379728h34RichardTomkins:理查德汤姆金斯PAGEREF_Toc128379729h34IndustrialRevolutionPAGEREF_Toc128379730h34Stressintheworkplace:PAGEREF_Toc128379731h35LanguagePointsPAGEREF_Toc128379732h35HomeworkPAGEREF_Toc128

13、379733h38TextB:LifeintheFastLanePAGEREF_Toc128379734h39DifficultPointsPAGEREF_Toc128379735h39In-classActivitiesPAGEREF_Toc128379736h39AnswertoquestionPAGEREF_Toc128379737h39UnitSeven:TerrorismPAGEREF_Toc128379738h39TextA:TheNightmareandtheDreamsPAGEREF_Toc128379739h39ContentPAGEREF_Toc128379740h39Gr

14、ammarPAGEREF_Toc128379741h40usedtodoPAGEREF_Toc128379742h40care/dontcarePAGEREF_Toc128379743h40BackgroundInformationPAGEREF_Toc128379744h40TheWallStreetJournalPAGEREF_Toc128379745h40TerrorismPAGEREF_Toc128379746h40WorldTradeCenterPAGEREF_Toc128379747h41ManhattanPAGEREF_Toc128379748h41LanguagePointsP

15、AGEREF_Toc128379749h42HomeworkPAGEREF_Toc128379750h45TextB:JourneyintotheShadowsPAGEREF_Toc128379751h45DifficultPointsPAGEREF_Toc128379752h45In-classActivitiesPAGEREF_Toc128379753h46AnswertoquestionPAGEREF_Toc128379754h46UnitEight:TravelPAGEREF_Toc128379755h46TextA:IntheJunglePAGEREF_Toc128379756h46

16、ContentPAGEREF_Toc128379757h46GrammarPAGEREF_Toc128379758h47start/get/have/setsb.doingPAGEREF_Toc128379759h47wonderif/what/howPAGEREF_Toc128379760h47BackgroundInformationPAGEREF_Toc128379761h47AmazonPAGEREF_Toc128379762h47EcuadorPAGEREF_Toc128379763h48AndesPAGEREF_Toc128379764h48Orion猎户座PAGEREF_Toc1

17、28379765h49LanguagePointsPAGEREF_Toc128379766h49HomeworkPAGEREF_Toc128379767h53TextB:IllinoisJourneyPAGEREF_Toc128379768h53DifficultPointsPAGEREF_Toc128379769h53In-classActivitiesPAGEREF_Toc128379770h54AnswertoquestionPAGEREF_Toc128379771h54UnitOne:FightingwiththeForcesofNatureTextA:TheIcyDefenderCo

18、ntentTheysaythatpridecomesbeforeafall.InthecaseofbothNapoleonandHitler,themanyvictoriestheyenjoyedledthemtobelievethatanythingwaspossible,thatnothingcouldstandintheirway.Russiansicydefenderwastoprovethemwrong.本文作者在文中论述了任何军事行动都必须重视自然的因素。作者在文章中比较了拿破仑和希特勒对俄罗斯（苏联）的军事行动，并得出奇失败的原因没有充分重视俄罗斯冬天的严寒而失败。通过学习课文，

19、我们可以明白，人类改变自然的目的是为了生存。但是，人类不能忽视自然规律。当希特勒和拿破仑意识到自己的傲慢自大的时候，一切都为时已晚。Grammartoones+n.表示方向的句式BackgroundInformationNapoleon纵观人类历史，征服者此伏彼起。成吉思汗花费一生的经历占领邻国以扩大蒙古帝国的疆土。许多罗马的征服者为了扩大罗马帝国的疆土采取了同样的方法曾经一度占领了今天的英国。蒙古帝国和罗马帝国的兴盛与衰落都已经灰飞烟灭。然而，如果想了解征服者，回顾如此遥远的历史则大可不必。1812年，拿破仑在征服战争中入侵俄罗斯。一个多世纪后，希特勒对苏联发动了大规模的军事行动。Napol

20、eonBonaparte(1769-1821),wasthegreatestmilitarygeniusofthe19thcentury.HeconqueredmostofWesternEuropeandEgyptforFrance,whileinstitutingreformsinthesenewterritoriesaimedatguaranteeingcivillibertiesandimprovingthequalityoflife.HecrownedhimselfemperorofFrancein1804andintroducedreformsintendedtounifythere

21、volution-fracturednation.ManyofNapoleonsreformsarestillineffecttoday.Thecult(崇拜)ofNapoleonasthe“manofdestiny”beganduringhislifetime.Asfirstconsul(执政官)andemperor,hehadengagedthebestwritersandartistsofFranceandEuropetoglorifyhisdeedsandhadcontributedtotheculthimselfbytheelaborateceremonieswithwhichhec

22、elebratedhisrule.HemaintainedthathehadpreservedtheachievementsoftheRevolutioninFranceandofferedtheirbenefitstoEurope.Hisgoal,hesaid,wastofoundaEuropeanstatea“federationoffreepeoples.”Whateverthetruthofthis,hebecamethearch-herooftheFrenchandamartyrtotheworld.Napoleonwasadrivenman,neversecure,neversat

23、isfied.“Powerismymistress,”hesaid.Hislifewaswork-cantered;evenhissocialactivitieshadapurpose.Hecouldbearamusementsorvacationsonlybriefly.Histasteswereforcoarsefood,badwine,cheapsnuff(吸鼻烟).Hecouldbecharminghypnoticallysoforapurpose.Hehadintenseloyaltiestohisfamilyandoldassociates.Nothingandnoone,howe

24、ver,wereallowedtointerferewithhiswork.Napoleonwassometimesatyrantandalwaysanauthoritarian,butonewhobelievedinrulingbymandateofthepeople,expressedinplebiscites.HewasalsoagreatenlightenedmonarchacivilexecutiveofenormouscapacitywhochangedFrenchinstitutionsandtriedtoreformtheinstitutionsofEuropeandgivet

25、heContinentacommonlaw.Fewdenythathewasamilitarygenius.AtSaintHelena,hesaid,“Waterloowillerasethememoryofallmyvictories.”Hewaswrong;forbetterorworse,heisbestrememberedasageneral,notforhisenlightenedgovernment,butthelattermustbecountedifheisjustlytobecalledNapoleontheGreat.TheBattleofWaterlooWhenNapol

26、eonIascendedtheFrenchthroneforthesecondtime,afterescapingin1815fromexileontheMediterraneanislandofElba,alliedforcesunitedtochallengehimmilitarily.AnalliedarmyofBritish,Dutch,Belgian,andGermanunits,joinedbyPrussiantroops,assembledneartheBelgianvillageofWaterloo,wheretheydefeatedNapoleonsarmyandputane

27、ndtohisambitionstoruleEurope.OnJune22,1815,NapoleonsignedhisfinalabdicationandresumedexileontheislandofSaintHelenaintheSouthAtlantic.TheBattleofWaterloofiguresprominentlyinliterature.ItisanimportantfeatureoftheepicpoemChildeHaroldsPilgrimage(1818)bytheBritishpoetLordByron,andthepoeticdramaTheDynasts

28、(1908),bytheBritishauthorThomasHardy.ThebattleisalsoaneventintheplotsofthenovelsTheCharterhouseofParma(1839),bytheFrenchwriterStendhal;VanityFair(1848),bytheBritishauthorWilliamM.Thackeray;andLesMisrables(1862),bytheFrenchwriterVictorHugo.拿破仑战争中最后一次、起决定性作用的战役。滑铁卢战役宣告法国对欧洲大陆的统治，新的欧洲政治秩序与均衡被很快重新建立起来。1

29、815年6月18日，在滑铁卢附近（现在的比利时）的战斗被称为现代历史的重大转折点。HitlerAdolfHitler(1889-1945),Germanpoliticalandmilitaryleaderandoneofthe20thcenturysmostpowerfuldictators.HitlerconvertedGermanyintoafullymilitarizedsocietyandlaunchedWorldWarIIin1939.Hemadeanti-SemitismakeystoneofhispropagandaandpoliciesandbuilttheNaziParty(

30、NationalSocialism)intoamassmovement.Hehopedtoconquertheentireworld,andforatimedominatedmostofEuropeandmuchofNorthAfrica.HeinstitutedsterilizationandeuthanasiameasurestoenforcehisideaofracialpurityamongGermanpeopleandcausedtheslaughterofmillionsofJews,SintiandRoma(Gypsies),Slavicpeoples,andmanyothers

31、,allofwhomheconsideredinferior.HitlerleftGermanyandmuchofEuropeinruins.Over60millionpeoplediedworldwideinthewar,andtensofmillionsmorelosttheirhealthandhomes.CertainthattheydidnotwanttofighttheGermansathirdtime,theAlliesinsistedonanunconditionalsurrender.TheyoccupiedallofGermanyanddivideditintoBritis

32、h,French,American,andSovietzones.EvenafterthewesternzoneswerejoinedintotheFederalRepublicofGermanyin1949,thecountryremaineddivideduntil1990.TheGermanpeoplediscoveredforthefirsttimetheextenttowhichmodernwarfarecoulddestroyacountry.TheeventsofthewaralsodemonstratedtomanyGermanstheproblemsofdictatorshi

33、p.Increasingnumberswerenowpreparedtotryadifferent,democratic,pathathome,aswellasanattemptatreconciliationwiththeirneighbours.ThewaralsobroughttheSovietArmyintocentralEuropeandprovidedtheSovietregimewithlegitimacyintheeyesofitsownpeople,anewempireineastandsoutheastEurope,andsuperpowerstatusintheworld

34、.TheworldroleoftheUnitedStateswasalsoenhancedinspiteoftheAmericanpreferenceforremainingaloof.OutsideofEurope,thewarhastenedtheendofcolonialempiresandtheemergenceofthenewJewishstateofIsrael.ItalsobroughtaboutthecreationofnewinternationalorganizationsliketheUnitedNations(UN)thatmightpreventsuchwarsint

35、hefuture.Ironically,thesedevelopmentsweretheexactoppositeofwhatHitlerhadhopedfor.HisambitiontomakeBerlinthecapitaloftheworldwasnotrealized,andtheenormousbuildingshestarteddesigningforitinthe1920swereneverbuilt.希特勒是德国二战期间的政治和军事统帅，20世纪的独裁者之一。他将德国彻底改变为军事化的国家，并且发动了第二次世界大战。他将反犹太视为其宣传和政策的基石。他企图政府整个世界，并一度占

36、领了欧洲和北非的大部分。在希特勒的领导下的第三帝国期间，实行种族灭绝政策，德国以及其占领国领土上大量建造死亡集中营，犹太人以及其他人种的遭到了大屠杀他笃信他所属的“雅利安种族”天生就是高贵的，而犹太种族则恰恰相反是低贱的。WorldWarIIWorldWarII,globalmilitaryconflictthat,intermsofliveslostandmaterialdestruction,wasthemostdevastatingwarinhumanhistory.Itbeganin1939asaEuropeanconflictbetweenGermanyandanAnglo-Fren

37、chcoalitionbuteventuallywidenedtoincludemostofthenationsoftheworld.Itendedin1945,leavinganewworldorderdominatedbytheUnitedStatesandtheUSSR.Morethananypreviouswar,WorldWarIIinvolvedthecommitmentofnationsentirehumanandeconomicresources,theblurringofthedistinctionbetweencombatantandnon-combatant,andthe

38、expansionofthebattlefieldtoincludealloftheenemysterritory.Themostimportantdeterminantsofitsoutcomewereindustrialcapacityandpersonnel.Inthelaststagesofthewar,tworadicallynewweaponswereintroduced:thelong-rangerocketandtheatomicbomb.Inthemain,however,thewarwasfoughtwiththesameorimprovedweaponsofthetype

39、susedinWorldWarI.Thegreatestadvanceswereinaircraftandtanks.SiegeofLeningrad列宁格勒保卫战1941年7月至9月，希特勒的北方集团军以优势兵力突破苏军抵抗，进抵苏联第二大城市列宁格勒，妄图迫使列宁格勒不战而降。但列宁格勒人民英勇不屈，不顾敌机的狂轰滥炸，忍饥挨饿，坚持生产，很多工人和居民自动拿起武器到前线作战。从1941年9月8日到1944年1月27日列宁格勒被围困的872天里，苏联政府和人民通过拉多加湖的“生命之路”成功地组织了对城市和军队的供应。列宁格勒前线部队、波罗的海舰队击退了敌人不断的进攻，终于在1944年1月彻

40、底粉碎了德军对列宁格勒的封锁。3月苏军把德军从列宁格勒击退200多公里。在伟大的列宁格勒保卫战中，共有60多万居民和苏军官兵献出了生命。LanguagePointsTheIcyDefenderNilaB.Smithinthecaseof:anexampleofaparticularsituationorofsomethinghappeningTheamountoffruitinfruitjuicesmustbe6%inthecaseofberriesand10%inthecaseofotherfruits.stand/get/intheway:topreventsomeonefromdoing

41、somethingIalwaysencouragedBrian.Ididntwanttostandinhisway.Youcantstandinthewayofprogress!launch:tostartsomething,usuallysomethingbigorimportant:Theorganizationhaslaunchedacampaigntoraise$150,000.TheCanadianpoliceplantolaunchaninvestigationintothedeal.launchanattack/assault/offensive发动进攻等Thepresslaun

42、chedaviciousattackonthePresident.Thebooklaunchedhiscareerasanovelist.campaign:aseriesofactionsintendedtoachieveaparticularresultrelatingtopoliticsorbusiness,orasocialimprovementFloridawasakeystateinhiscampaignforre-election.ananti-bullyingcampaignanadvertisingcampaignacampaignforequalrightsJonesrana

43、goodcampaign.Heraisednearly$30millionincampaignfunds.Policehavelaunchedacampaigntocrackdownondrugdealers.conquest:theactofgettingcontrolofacountrybyfightingtheNormanConquest(=theconquestofEnglandbytheNormans)conquestoftheSpanishconquestoftheIncaEmpiredecisive:action,eventetcthatisdecisivehasabigeffe

44、ctonthewaythatsomethingdevelops;someonewhoisdecisiveisgoodatmakingdecisionsquicklyandwithconfidenceWomencanplayadecisiveroleinthedebateovercloning.WewilltakedecisivestepstowardspoliticalunionwithEurope.atalentforquickdecisiveactionTheanswerwasadecisiveno.(definiteandclearinawaythatleavesnodoubt)retr

45、eat1.tomoveawayfromtheenemyafterbeingdefeatedinbattle:Therebelsretreatedtothemountains.2.tomoveawayfromsomeoneorsomething;ifanareaofwater,snow,orlandretreats,itgraduallygetssmaller:Hesawherandretreated,tooshytospeaktoher.Itwasnotaconsciouschoicetoretreatfrompubliclife.Thefloodwatersareslowlyretreati

46、ng.3.todecidenottodosomethingyouwereplanningtodo,becauseitwasunpopularortoodifficult:TheCanadiangovernmenthasretreatedfromaplantokill300wolves.be/getboggeddown:ifaprocessorplanbecomesboggeddown,itisdelayedsothatnoprogressismade;ifsomethinggetsboggeddown,itbecomesstuckinsoftgroundandisunabletomoveTal

47、kstosettlethepaydisputehavebecomeboggeddown.Dontletyourselfgetboggeddowninminordetails.Thecargotboggeddowninthemud.engage:tobegintofightanenemyAmericanforcesdidnotdirectlyengage.Thecommanderorderedthesoldierstoengagetheenemyimmediately.engagewithsb/sth:togetinvolvedwithotherpeopleandtheirideasinorde

48、rtounderstandthemAreyousotiredyoudonthavetheenergytoengagewithyourkids?befacedwith:havetodealwithIwasfacedwiththeawfuljobofbreakingthenewstothegirlsfamily.thedifficultiesfacedbythepoliceIfheisfoundguilty,hefacesupto12yearsinjail.takeagamble:takeariskInadepressedmarket,wecannotaffordtotakeagambleonan

49、ewproduct.Thecompanytookagamblebycuttingthepriceoftheirproducts,anditpaidoff.pressonalsopressahead:tocontinuedoingsomething,especiallyworking,inadeterminedwayWelltalkaboutyoursuggestionlaternowletsjustpresson.Shallwepressaheadwiththeminutesofthelastmeeting?occupation:ajoborprofession;whenalargegroup

50、ofpeopleenteraplaceandtakecontrolofit,especiallybymilitaryforce;whensomeonelivesorstaysinabuildingorplacePleasestateyourname,fessionalandmanagerialoccupationsWhenthefirstscientistscametotheregiontheyfoundlittleevidenceofhumanoccupation.dragon:ifaneventorsituationdragson,itcon

51、tinuesfortoolonganexpensivecourtbattlethatcoulddragonforyearsThesecompensationcaseshavealreadydraggedonforoneyear.atthecostof:withthelossofTheyweredismayedatthecostoftherepairs.Thelocalgovernmentdevelopeditseconomybutatthecostofenvironment.limp:towalkslowlyandwithdifficultybecauseonelegishurtorinjur

52、ed;ifashiporaircraftlimpssomewhere,itgoesthereslowly,becauseithasbeendamagedMorenolimpedoffthefieldwithafootinjury.ThedamagedlinerlimpedintoNewYork.alliance:anarrangementinwhichtwoormorecountries,groupsetcagreetoworktogethertotrytochangeorachievesomethingBritainsmilitaryalliancewithherNATOpartnersth

53、epossibilityofapoliticalalliancebetweenthetwopartiesThecompanieshaveformedanalliancetomarkettheproduct.Reliefworkersinalliancewithlocalcharitiesaretryingtohelpthefaminevictims.invasion:thearrivalinaplaceofalotofpeopleorthings,oftenwheretheyarenotwantedtheannualinvasionofteenagersfortheGlastonburyFes

54、tivalinvasionofprivacyreferstoasituationinwhichsomeonetriestofindoutdetailsaboutanotherpersonsprivateaffairsinawaythatisupsettingandoftenillegal.catchsbbysurprise/catchsboffguardalsocatchsbnapping/unawares=catchsbonthehopBrE:todosomethingortohappenwhensomeoneisnotexpectingitorpreparedforitHerquestio

55、ncaughthimoffguard.Themanagerdidntknowwhattosay.Itwasclearthatmyquestionhadcaughthimoffguard.render1.tocausesomeoneorsomethingtobeinaparticularcondition:Hewasrenderedalmostspeechlessbythenews.Theblowtohisheadwasstrongenoughtorenderhimunconscious.2.toexpressorpresentsomethinginaparticularway:Shemadea

56、soundthatinprintisrenderedasharrumph.Infraredfilmrendersblueskiesadeepblack.casualty:someonewhoishurtorkilledinanaccidentorwarOuraimistoreduceroadcasualties.thousandsofciviliancasualties(=peoplewhoarenotsoldierswhoareinjuredorkilled)Therebelsclaimtohaveinflictedheavycasualties.siege:asituationinwhic

57、hanarmyorthepolicesurroundaplaceandtrytogaincontrolofitorforcesomeonetocomeoutofitThesiegelastedalmostfourmonths.athree-daypolicesiegeataremotecountrycottageoffensive1.aplannedmilitaryattackinvolvinglargeforcesoveralongperiodAmajoroffensivewaslaunchedonAugust22.TheRedArmybroughtitswinteroffensivetoa

58、successfulconclusion.2.veryrudeorinsultingandlikelytoupsetpeopleIfoundherremarksdeeplyoffensive.Facedwiththeinvasion,theytookimmediateoffensiveaction.thankstosb/sth:infml.becauseofsomeoneorsomethingWevereachedourgoalof$50,000,thankstothegenerosityofthepublic.Someskiresortsopenedearly,thankstoalate-O

59、ctobersnowstorm.heroic:extremelybraveordetermined,andadmiredbymanypeoplecourageousherheroiceffortstosaveherfamilyLawrencesheroicstruggleagainsthisdestiny.Sheportrayedhimasaheroicfigure.reckon:spokenespeciallyBrEtothinkorsupposesomethingDoyoureckonhellagreetoseeus?ThepolicereckonthatwhoeverkilledDadw

60、aswithhimearlierthatday.Theresnothingwecandoaboutit.Youreckon(=usedtoexpressdoubtordisagreement)toll:thenumberofpeoplekilledorinjuredinaparticularaccident,byaparticularillnessetcThedeathtollhasrisento83.Thebombingstookaheavytoll,killinghundredsofLondoners.Homeworkp.22translation;p.32Drawingonyoudeba