美国文学Chapter1概述课件

1、History and Anthology of American literature-By Winnie ZhangPart The Literature of Colonial AmericaPart The Literature of Reason and RevolutionPart American Romanticism 1820-1865Part American Realism 1865-1910Part American Modernism 1910-1960Part Post-Modernism or Pluralism in American Literature196

2、0- Major Periods of American Literary DevelopmentThe Literature of Colonial AmericaPart The Literature of Colonial America1. Historical Introduction2. The First American Writer3. Early New England Literature4. Authors and their works1. Historical Introduction1.1 Early Settlements1492: Columbus reach

3、ed the AmericasThe early 1600s: the beginning of a great tide of emigration from Europe to North AmericaThe earliest settlers: Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards, Italians, and PortugueseAll contributed to the forming of the American civilization, but the colonies that became the first United

4、 States were for the most part English1. Historical Introduction1.2. JamestownThe first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.1.3. May FlowerNovember, 1620:The puritans dropped anchor at Cape Cod （科德角） and established their colony at Plymouth1.4

5、. Why the British Emigrated to America Economic Reason: In the 1620s severe economic depression in England (enclosure movement) Virginia was founded by London Compony in 1607.Religious Reason: The ascension of Charles I to the throne-who was known to be sympathetic to Roman Catholicism and impatient

6、 with Puritan reformers was taken as an ominous sign for Puritans. Massachusetts was founded by Puritans in 1620. Political Reason: In the 1630s, arbitrary rule by Englands Charles I gave impetus to the migration. Most European emigrants left their homelands to escape political oppression.5.1 In the

7、 north-east of America 5.2 Consisting of Maine(缅因）, New Hampshire（新罕尔布什尔）, Vermont（佛蒙特）, Massachusetts（马萨诸塞）, Rhode Island（罗得岛）, Connecticut（康涅狄格）. 5.3 Named by Captain John Smith1.5. New EnglandAK Alaska AL Alabama AR Arkansas AZ Arizona CA California CO Colorado CT Connecticut DC District of Colum

8、bia DE Delaware FL Florida GA Georgia HI Hawaii IA Iowa ID Idaho IL Illinois IN Indiana KS Kansas KY Kentucky LA Louisiana MA Massachusetts MD Maryland ME Maine MI Michigan MN Minnesota MO Missouri MS Mississippi MT Montana NC North Carolina ND North Dakota NE Nebraska NH New Hampshire NJ New Jersey

9、 NM New Mexico NV Nevada NY New York OH Ohio OK Oklahoma OR Oregon PA Pennsylvania RI Rhode Island SC South Carolina SD South Dakota TN Tennessee TX Texas UT Utah VA Virginia VT Vermont WA Washington WI Wisconsin WV West Virginia WY Wyoming Captain John Smith (1580-1631) 2. The first American writer

10、2.1. ReputationOne of the leaders of Jamestown (not pilgrim)An English soldier of fortune (mercenary)His reports of exploration: the first distinctly American Literature written in English2.2. Captain John Smiths WorksA True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virg

11、inia Since the First Planting of That Colony (1608)关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述The First Book in American historyThe immigrants surprise and excitementThe bitter life full of dangersThe authors confidence in the future lifePractical and realistic A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country(1612)海湾及河流地图，附关于当

12、地情况及居民的叙述2.2. Captain John Smiths Works General History of Virginia (1624) (Pocahontas) 弗吉尼亚，新英格兰及夏日群岛通史Transformed into a legend of the colonists.2.3. The Features of His WorksSmiths descriptions of America were filled with themes, myths, images, scenes, characters, and events that were a foundatio

13、n for the nations literature. He portrayed English North America as a land of endless bounty. His vision helped lure the Pilgrims and the Puritans.“Here nature and liberty afford us that freely which in England we want, or it costs us dearly. What pleasure can be more thanto recreate themselves befo

14、re their own doors, in their own boats upon the sea(to) take divers sorts of excellent fish at their pleasures? If a man work but three days in seven he may get more than he can spendhere by their labor they may live exceeding well. The masters by this may quickly grow rich; these apprentices may le

15、arn by their trades themselves to do the like, to a general and an incredible benefit for king and country, master and servant.” The Literature of Colonial America3.1. Some Features :The puritans had come to New England for the sake of religious freedom. The Puritans are supposed to “write” their ow

16、n new “Bible”( their history) America is their new Canaan. 3. Early New England Literature In New England, Harvard College was founded as early as 1636.3.2. Religious writingReligious writing: heavily weighted, in subject and style,因为宗教因素主题风格沉重 by religious considerations.Pilgrim: 朝圣者Person who trav

17、els to a holy place as an act of religious devotion.Puritan: 清教徒Member of the party of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who wanted simpler forms of church ceremony. Dont be confusedAs the word itself hints, Puritans wanted to make pure their religious beliefs and practices. The Pur

18、itan was a “would be purifier.” The word was coined by the opponents of the group and was applied to them in scorn, it was intended to ridicule them as persons who thought themselves holier or better than others. The undaunted Puritans claimed the name for themselves, adopting it as a badge of honor

19、. The Literature of Colonial America3.3 Puritan thoughts The Puritans wished to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology. They felt that the Church of England was too close to the Church of Rome in doctrine, form of worship, and organization of authority. The

20、Literature of Colonial America3.3 Puritan thoughts Puritans included people from the humblest to the loftiest ranks of English society, both educated and uneducated, poor and rich.The puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people, and it followed logically that anyone who challenged their way o

21、f life was opposing Gods will and was not to be accepted. The Literature of Colonial America3.3 Puritan thoughtsThey drove out of their settlements all whose opinions seemed dangerous to them, and history has criticized them for their actions.Puritan opposition to pleasure and arts has sometimes bee

22、n exaggerated , but it is true that their lives were disciplined and hard.3.3 Puritan thoughtsPuritans tended to support joy and laughter as symptoms of sin. The Puritans made laws about private morality as well as public behaviour. Yet this attempt to suppress all sin seemed to produce outbreaks of

23、 misbehavior as if in reaction to the strictness. The Literature of Colonial America3.3 Puritan thoughtsHard work, thrift, piety and sobriety节制；清醒， were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing, including the sermons, books and letters of such noted Puritan clergymen a

24、s John Cotton and Cotton Mather. The Literature of Colonial America3.3 Puritan thoughts3.4 American PuritanismA religious reform movement that arose within the Church of England in the late 16th centuryAdhered to the Five Point of Calvinism as codified编成法典 at the Synod宗教会议 of Dort荷兰多特 in 1619: 1.Tot

25、al depravity( inability) 2.Unconditional election 3.Limited atonement 4.Irresistible grace 5.The perseverance of the saintsTotal DepravityHumanitys utter corruption since the Fall.Total depravity doesnt mean we lost the image and likeness of God; Total depravity doesnt mean we have no power to do go

26、od according to human standard; Total depravity doesnt mean we do not have the ability to develop our power of religion and culture;Total depravity doesnt mean we do not have the possibility to achieve cultural , scientific and technological discoveries. Unconditional ElectionThe God had decreed who

27、 was damned and who was saved from before the beginning of the world.The reason of why the God give us the favor of love, decree and destination.Limited AtonementSomeone but not everyone.I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion. The power

28、 and redemption of Jesus Christ is sufficient for all, but efficient only for elects.Irresistible GraceRegeneration再生 as entirely a work of God, which cannot be resisted and to which the sinner contributes nothing.Irresistible grace of the Holy Spirit doesnt mean a sinner is not able to resist the Holy Spirit, to oppose the Holy S