四 级 写 作 细谈

1、四 级 写 作1基本要求能就一定的话题和给定的提纲写短文，书信或便条。能在30分钟内写出120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，词义连贯，无重大语言错误。2评分原则 1.检查考生是否达到教学大纲规定的要求，对作文的评判以此要求为准则。2.采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。 所谓总体评分方法，即阅卷人员就考生作文的总体印象给出奖励分（Reward Scores），而不是按语言点的数目给分。3从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是统一的。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容则通过语言来表现。故在判分时，必须考虑文章是否切题；是否充分表达了思想，是否用简洁而贴切的英语表达

2、。是否有语言上的错误而造成理解上的障碍。4避免趋中现象。评卷人员在所阅的全部作文中，不应只给中间的几种分数。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括零分。5评分标准 1.内容和语言的标准：CET-4写作部分占总分的，阅卷时按照比例，分为五等，即分，分，分，分和分。6分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且严重。分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，缺乏连贯性。有较多的严重语言错误。分基本切题。表达思想较为清楚，文字尚连贯；但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本无语言错误。7字数与

3、段数的标准 累计词数 110-119 扣1分；100-109扣2分90-99扣3分；80-89扣5分；70-79扣7分; 69扣9分 规定写三段的作文，只写一段者，得分不高于分；只写两段者，得分不高于分。 题目中可能会给出的主题句或起始句，不得计入所写字数 8CET-4作文实例剖析 A Campaign Speech 14 Points Dear fellow students, I am thankful that you offer me the chance to speak here. I am impressed by the speeches of the previous can

4、didates. Yet, I want to prove myself better for the post of chairman.9 Firstly, Ive a pleasant personality. Last year, I was the dorm director of our building and I managed to get along with all the students well. I have acquired working experience and communication skills which I consider as the mo

5、st essential for the coordinator of the whole student union. Secondly, Im always ready to create. At present our union is very well organized. However, our activity schedule is slightly monotone. Im willing to add some vivid elements into it in order to make our campus life more enjoyable. If I am e

6、lected the chairman, I promise I will become your voice and build the Student Union into a bridge between the students and university. Im your best choice, vote for yourself, thank you.10剖析该文从内容上看，全文紧扣主题，即符合题目中提纲的各项要求：一开始演讲者表达了对听众的尊敬，再对前面的选手表达了敬意，然后表达了自己的信心。从结构上看，其思路清晰，主次分明，条理得当。采用了列举和举例的手法，先表达了自己过去

7、的工作经验，再表达了对未来工作的方法、假设和工作目标。从语言上看，演讲者很好地把握了讲演的技巧。全文采用简单句和并列句，但句型多样化，且长短句结合较好，富有节奏感和感染、号召力。全文连贯性好，基本无语言错误。1111 Points Hello, everyone. I believe I am the best choice of the post of the chairman of the Student Union. First, I have the ability which is necessary to the post of the chairman of the Studen

8、t Union. I have been monitor of our class since I came to this school. In the past years, I have many interests. For example, I play basketball and football very well. My tennis is good too. Third, I have a lot of friends. Almost everyone likes me.12 If I were chosen to be the chairman, Ill work for

9、 the need of the students. I will tell the school what we students really need and what we dont want. I believe, I am the best choice for the post of the chairman of the student union. Thank you.13剖析 此文属11分档。表达了题目规定的内容，思想表达清楚，文字连贯。从内容上看，思路清晰，主次分明，没有无关的信息。但稍欠丰富，论证缺乏力度。因为个人爱好不等于个人的组织才能。若将第二理由与第一理由对调，给

10、人以循序渐进的感觉，效果会更好。从语言上看，作者较好地用英语表达自己的思想，语言简洁，语句多样化，行文较为流畅，体现了语言基础较好，有较好的英语应用能力。但除了逻辑思维欠谨慎外，亦透露出了中文思维的痕迹。如: “My tennis is good too”等句，故只得11分。148 Points Ladies and Gentlemen, all the schoolmates and teachers: Ill elect the post of the Chairman of the student Union. The reasons I make this decision is th

11、at I am desire to do more things for you. Apparently, only wishes are not available. Ill make you believe that not only did I have wishes but also capacity. First, when I was a freshman, I took part in many kind of activities to accumulate experiences and now I familiar with the process that how the

12、 student union works. Second, I love making friends and I had extensively hobbies. There can make orgernize people easily. The third, I take this work very seriously and Ill try my best to improve and develop the Student Union to make you satisfied. In a word, I am the right person you have ever bee

13、n searching. So support me! Ill never make you disappointed.15剖 析 此文属8分档。文章虽基本按照题目要求完成了写作任务，但连贯性、句式选用和语言运用上都存在一些问题。语言错误较多，思想表达不够清楚。首段第二句中的isare,后面的“I am desire” “I am desiring.”或 “I strongly wish to”；此外，“only wishes are not available”也不知要表达何意，且可删去。第二段中的“and now I familiar with”应为“I am familiar with”

14、。在“There can make orgernize people easily”中，除“organize”拼错外，整体句子表意不清，应改为“There can help me get involved with the union.”。第二段最后一句“to your satisfaction”或“to meet the demand of all the students.”。165 Points Thanks everybodies to give me a chance to elect the post of the Chairman of Student Union. Ill do

15、 my best in that post. Ill inform myself first. I am a man of hard-working. So I will do anything with my best. I can help everyone who needs help. Using computer is my favorite thing. Above all, is the reason why I elected the post. If I get the post, Ill solve the problems of every student. First

16、thing I think must solve is the price in the schools. It is too expensive to our student. Second, I think we must have more free time. Nowadays, too many course in our table. So we cant do something which we want to do. I think it is bad. Last, I will organize more performances in school, in order t

17、o fill the rest time. I hope everyone give me a chance to achieve my hopes. Thanks.17剖 析 5分档。读后给人的第一印象是中文思维，英文表达。虽然基本切题，但思想表达不清，没有连贯性，有许多的严重语言错误。首句中的 “Thanks everybodies”就使感觉该考生语言基础太差，everybody根本没有复数形式。且“Thanks”一般与a lot搭配；第二段的第一句中“inform”一词太过正式，非演讲用语，给人以装腔作势之嫌。“Using computer is my favorite thing.”中

18、文思维。其后一句和第三段第二句更是中文思维，英语表达的典型例证。该文无论从内容上，结构上还是语言运用上错误较严重，较多，在陈述理由时思想表达不清，故只能得分左右的成绩。18小 结 从上述对同一题目不同得分情况的分析，要想在四、六级考试中，作文获得理想的分数，首先要切题，行文必须流畅，语句要连贯，结构要严谨，思路要清晰，内容要充实，条理要清楚，用词要准确。除了多练习写作，重要的是要多读，培养语感。有了较强的语感，在写作过程中，就能逐步地避免中文思维，英语表达。只有做到这一点，那在任何考试的写作中，就会得心应手。19写作的步骤 的写作考试时是分钟，不少学生担心时间不够，完不成作文，故而拿到题目后提

19、笔就写，结果可想而知，不是偏题，就是将卷面涂改得乱七八糟。据了解，有相当一部分的学生因时间不够而占用属于作文的30分钟去完成其他项目，这样做极不明智。考生应合理支配时间，充分利用这30分钟，力争写出较为理想的作文；其次要认真审题，仔细构思并草拟提纲，“磨刀不误砍柴工。”所以只要写作步骤和方法得当，分钟写一篇词的短文是没有什么问题的。 20 可以将分钟分为四部分：第分钟审题第分钟拟提纲（题目式提纲）第分钟正文写作第分钟检查修改21审 题 这是写作中的关键一步。认真阅读所给的题目或所给的提示。即要做： 抓住主题 寻找信息 列出提纲 构思框架 扩展提纲 充实论据 认真检查 消灭错误 审题要从下述方面

20、着手： 确定主题思想，明确文章的体裁，采用的人称以及选材范围。 英文写作的题目一般由两部分组成，即topic和 controlling idea.请看下例：22My View on Bicycles in ChinaChina is called the kingdom of bicycles because it has the largest number of bicycles in the world. What do you think of the advantages and disadvantages of bicycles in China.23My View on Bicy

21、cles in China 此题目的topic是Bicycle in China，而围绕my idea进行组织材料和论述。细读所给的提示：China is called the kingdom of bicycles because it has the largest number of bicycles in the world. What do you think of the advantages and disadvantages of bicycles in China.提示中已给四个信息：the kingdom of bicycle；the largest number of b

22、icycle; advantages and disadvantages.依据写作要求，我们则可以列出提纲了：（topic outline）24.Introduction: TS: China is called the kingdom of bicycles because DS: (popularity of bicycles in China) .Body TS: Compared with cars, bicycles have many advantages. DS: First, Second, Third, Besides, (advantages) .Conclusion Ho

23、wever, DS: (disadvantages and our comment)25My View on Bicycles in China China is named the Kingdom of bicycles because it has the largest number of bicycles in the world. A bicycle is the most popular transportation tool in China. Wherever we go, we can ride on the bikes to go to work, school, do s

24、hopping, or visit friends. Compared with cars, bicycles have many advantages. First, they are not very expensive, and almost every family can afford it. Second, they are very convenient. With a bike, we can go anywhere we like, and we neednt look for a large parking place in a crowded city. By ridin

25、g bicycles, we can also avoid traffic jams and save time. Third, they never cause air or sound pollution. Besides, riding bikes does good to our health. However, bicycles also have several disadvantages. For example, they make streets crowded and are likely to cause traffic accidents. But despite th

26、e disadvantages, the bicycle is still very useful, convenient and necessary means of transportation in China. (159)26The Two-Day Weekend As is known to all, we have two-day weekend. In this way, we can have one more day for a rest. With more free time, we may do what we could to relax ourselves. Oth

27、ers can find a part-time job and gain work experience. As the old saying, “every coin has two sides.” Two-day weekend also brings with it some problems. Those students who lack self-control spend too much time playing. As a result, on Monday morning they fall asleep in class. To those who work part-

28、time jobs are somewhat distracted from their study and concentrate more on making money. In short, we should arrange our time for both work and play. Ill do moderate exercise to be more energetic for next weeks study. (124)27审题时，我们必须注意题目的大小。若题目过大，要善于把它缩小或具体化。如：The Two-Day Weekend, 就过于宽泛。一旦把其限定在大学生的双

29、休日，不就具体得多，熟悉得多了么！其次，CET-4/6写作常考的话题我们必须了解熟悉。一般来说它常包括下列话题：学习：是出国学习还是在国内学习；学习压力过大所产生的负面影响；文凭和能力到底哪一个更重要；现今考试的利弊；科学的学习方法等。工作或课余学习：网上求职的优劣势；获取信息的不同方法；网上聊天的好坏；假期的长短；宿舍生活存在的问题。社会热点话题：大学生就业难的问题；收入差距过大带来的社会问题；房价不断攀升所产生的社会问题；取消利息税的争议；上学难，看病贵等社会现象。科普话题：绿色、无公害食品受欢迎的原因；太空探索的必要性；环境保护；能源的利用以及再生能源的开发。28议论文的写法 写法一观点

30、对立：遇到此类题目时，常常在文章开头介绍题目中的两个不同的观点，然后对其进行分别分析，最后提出自己的看法或立场作总结。Sample: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Online Chatting. You should write at least 120 words according to the situation given below in Chinese. 网上聊天越来越流行 有人反对，有人赞同 你自己的看法29Online Chat

31、ting With the development of IT, online chatting is becoming increasingly popular with many people. However, peoples opinions about it vary from person to person. Some think that it has more problems than benefits. First, it is a waste of time, energy and money as it doesnt produce any useful inform

32、ation and products. Second, it is misleading to its users because cyberspace is actually an imaginary space where things are unreal or fictional. But the advocates of online chatting support it because it is another way of recreation which is both exciting and relaxing. Besides, it helps them releas

33、e their emotions and worries freely and safely. To them, it is very useful and wonderful. To my mind, whether online chatting is good or bad depends on the person who does it. So long as we can keep ourselves under good control, we can use it scientifically and properly without its bad effects.30剖析

34、这是一片典型对立观点类议论文，运用上面讲到的审题方法和步骤进行审题，并将题目中给出的提纲译成英文，即：Online chatting is becoming increasingly popular with many people.Some think that it has more problems than benefits, but the advocates of online chatting thinkTo my mind,由此可见，既搭出了文章的大体框架，又列出了各段的主题句，还能防止在接下来的行文中跑题。31写法二 对比观点选择题：1.有人认为； 2.另外一些人认为； 3.

35、谈谈你的观点和看法。（可写成4段：启、承、转、合）32sample Reading Selectively Or Extensively?Outline: 1. 有人认为读书要有选择2. 有人认为应当博览群书 3. 我的想法33 How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view. Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern sc

36、ience and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively. But other

37、s may not agree, they emphasize that todays society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extens

38、ively. Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.Score: 14分34典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构： （启）Paragraph I：（1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点； （2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。 How should we read? Should we

39、 read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.（启）注：第一句提出问题，第二句提出两种见解35典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（承）Paragraph II：（1）提出一种观点或优点；（2）本段的支持性分论点；（3）本段总结（可以省略）。 Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are

40、published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.（承）注：1. 本段总分总结构 2. they argue that = they think that 3.

41、with the development of. 随着的发展 4. whats more 递进关系，moreover 5. bad = pornographic 色情的 & violent 暴力的36典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（转）Paragraph III：（1）承上启下的过渡句； （2）提出另一种观点或缺点；（3）本段的支持性分论点（4）本段总（可以省略）。 But others may not agree, they emphasize that todays society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of kn

42、owledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.（转）注：1. But 转折词（信号词） 2. they emphasize that = they think that 3. todays society is not what it wa

43、s 现代社会今昔非比 4. 许多知识 a wide range of knowledge/ a large scope of knowledge/ much knowledge； 获取知识 acquire/ get knowledge 5. knows nothinglittle；he may be useless he may not be of great use to the society 后者比前者更委婉37典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（合）Paragraph IV：（1）平衡两种看法；（2）给出自己的观点。 Whos right? I think both of them

44、have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.（合）38 When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading e

45、xtensively is better. Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books

46、 to read and never touch the bad books. But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more,

47、 to read more”. So they believe that reading extensively is better. To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading. Score: 11分39 When it comes to reading, some people think that reading select

48、ively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.注：结构非常好，可以套用。40 Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while th

49、ose bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.注：1.“people, who.,”应去掉逗号，改为限制性定语从句。2. as many as bad books 改为 as many as bad ones 3. lead us to the wrong way 改为 lead sb. astray4. they suggest that = the

50、y think that5. touch 碰（闪光点词汇：如shouldering the responsibility of doing sth. 肩负起责任）41 But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easil

51、y come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”. So they believe that reading extensively is better.注：1. hold 认为 同样表示“think”的词还有argue, emphasize, believe, suggest, claim, insist, maintain, agree, hold2. the best book 在西方国家是“圣经”的意思3. to know more, to read more 错误，中式英语 To my point, we shoul

52、d choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading. 42其它模式1. Some people believe (argue, recognize, think)that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the forme

53、r/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3. In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或:From above, we can predict that 预测. 432. People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opin

54、ion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, 论据1.For another, 论据2. Last but not the least, 论据3. To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 443. There is n

55、o consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。 As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious. First of all, 论据1。 Furthermore, 论据2。Among

56、all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。 A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。 As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 45惯用表达人们认为：it is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that越来越：be increasingly + adj.,

57、 be on the rise, the growing number of46表示原因 1)There are three reasons for this. 2)The reasons for this are as follows. 3)The reason for this is obvious. 4)The reason for this is not far to seek. 5)The reason for this is that. 6)We have good reason to believe that. 例如： There are three reasons for th

58、e changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly，peoples living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life. 注：如写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have ta

59、ken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。472.表示好处 1)It has the following advantages. 2)It does us a lot of good. 3)It benefits us quite a lot. 4)It is beneficial to us. 5)It is of great benefit to us. 例如： Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better，a

60、nd they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us. 483.表示坏处 1)It has more disadvantages than advantages. 2)It does us much harm. 3)It is harmful to us. 例如： However，everything divides into two. Television can also be harmful to us. It can do ha