电路专业术语分析解析

1、Glossary of “Principles of Electric CircuitsChapter 1 Elements and Laws of Electrical Circuits电路electrical circuit电流current电荷electric charge电压voltage电位potential电位差potential difference电动势electromotive force功率power能量energy电阻resistor / resistance电导conductor / conductance电感inductor / inductance电容capacit

2、or / capacitance欧姆定律Ohms Law广义欧姆定律generalized Ohms Law参考方向reference direction电压极性voltage polarity正极positive polarity负极negative polarity理想独立电压源ideal independent voltage source理想独立电流源ideal independent current source理想受控源ideal dependent / controlled source压控电压源voltage controlled voltage source(VCVS)压控电

3、流源voltage controlled current source(VCCS) 流控电压源current controlled voltage source(CCVS) 流控电流源current controlled current source(CCCS)节点node支路branch回路loop基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoffs Current Law(KCL)基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoffs Voltage Law(KVL)闭合面closed boundary集总参数lumped parameter集总参数电路lumped circuit集总参数元件lumped element分

4、布参数distributed parameter分布参数电路distributed circuit直流direct current(DC)交流alternating current(AC)有源器件active element无源器件passive element无损电路lossless circuitChapter 2 Analysis methods to simple resistor circuits串联series connection分压voltage division并联parallel connection分流current division等效电阻equivalent resi

5、stanceY-变换Wye-Delta transformation入端电阻input resistanceChapter 3 Methods of Analysis支路电流法method of branch current节点法Nodal Analysis回路电流法loop current method网孔电流法mesh current method外网孔outer mesh自导纳self-admittance互导纳mutual-admittance矩阵行列参考节点平面电路方程消去法克莱姆法则代入法运算放大器同向输入端反向输入端输出端等效电路模型开环放大倍数闭环放大倍数入端电阻输出电阻线性工

6、作区正向饱和区反向饱和区同向放大matrixrowcolumnreference nodeplanar circuitequationelimination techniqueCramers rulesubstitution methodoperational amplifier(op amp)noninverting inputinverting inputoutputequivalent circuit modelopen-loop gainclosed-loop gaininput resistanceoutput resistancelinear regionpositive satu

7、rationnegative saturationnoninverting amplifier反向放大inverting amplifier加法器summing amplifier积分器integrator微分器differentiator自激振荡self-sustained oscillationChapter 4 Circuit Theorems叠加原理superposition principle输入/激励input / excitation输出/响应output / response线性电路linear circuit代数和algebraic sum替代定理substitution p

8、rinciple戴维南定理Thevenins Theorem诺顿定理Nortons Theorem二端网络two-terminal circuit开路电压open-circuit voltage短路电流short-circuit current特勒根定理Tellegen Theorem功率平衡定理Power-balancing Theorem互易定理reciprocal theorem对偶原理principle of duality对偶元件dual element对偶图dual graphChapter 5 Nonlinear Circuit非线性电路nonlinear circuit非线性元

9、件nonlinear element压控电阻voltage-controlled resistor流控电阻current-controlled resistor静态电阻static resistance动态电阻dynamic resistance小信号分析small-signal analysis小信号模型small-signal modal分段线性化法piece-wise linear mthod数值解法numerical analysisChapter 6 First-order Circuit一阶电路first-order circuit一阶微分方程first-order differe

10、ntial equation过渡过程transient process储能元件energy storage element线性时不变电路linear time-invariable circuit单位阶跃函数unit step function单位脉冲函数unit pulse function单位斜坡函数unit ramp function起始条件起始值零输入响应零状态响应稳态响应暂态响应时间常数指数函数阶跃响应冲激响应自由响应强迫响应全响应稳态值卷积积分时域延迟换路跳变现象脉冲持续时间脉冲重复周期时域initial conditioninitial valuezero-input respo

11、nsezero-state responsesteady-state response transient response time constant exponential function step response impulse response natural response forced responsecomplete responsefinal valueconvolution integration time delayswitchingjump phenomenon pulse durationrepeating period of pulse time domainC

12、hapter 7 Second-order Circuit二阶电路second-order circuit齐次微分方程homogeneous differential equation常系数微分方程constant coefficients equation特征方程characteristic equation特征根characteristic root特征值eigenvalue特征向量eigenvector特解particular solution通解general solution自然频率natural frequency衰减系数damping factor谐振角频率frequency 过

13、阻尼情况resonant frequency / undamped naturaloverdamped case欠阻尼情况underdamped case临界情况critically damped case固 有振 荡角频 率 damping frequency / damped naturalfrequency衰减振荡damped oscillation无损lossless正弦响应sinusoidal response波形waveform实数real复数complex衰减attenuationChapter 8 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis幅值amplit

14、ude / magnitude相位phase相位差phase difference角频率angular frequency周期period频率cyclic frequency正弦sinusoidal余弦cosine初相角initial phase angle瞬时值instantaneous value最大值maximum有效值effective valueroot-mean-square valueu领先i甲u leads i by u落后i甲u lags i by 同相in phase反相opposite in phase实部real part虚部直角坐标形式极坐标形式指数形式相量参考相量电

15、压三角形瞬时功率平均功率阻抗导纳电抗电纳感性容性正弦稳态响应时域相量域视在功率功率因数复功率功率三角形imaginary partrectangular formpolar formexponential formphasorreference phasorvoltage triangleinstantaneous poweraverage powerimpedanceadmittancereactancesusceptanceinductivecapacitivesinusoidal steady-state responsetime-domainphasor-domainapparent

16、powerpower factor (pf)complex powerpower triangle复共轭complex conjugate有功功率active power无功功率reactive power最大功率传输定理Maximum Power Transfer Theorem功率守恒定理Theorem of conservation of power阻抗匹配impedance matching共轭匹配conjugate matchingChapter 9 Magnetically Coupled Circuits耦合couple互感mutual inductance自感self-indu

17、ctance磁通magnetic flux互感电压mutual / induced voltage线圈coil铁心线圈coil with iron core匝数turn耦合系数coupling coefficient变压器transformer空心变压器air-core transformer原边primary coils / windings副边secondary coils / windings引入阻抗reflected impendence理想变压器ideal transformer全耦合变压器unity-coupled transformer变比turns ratio / transf

18、ormation ratio自耦合变压器auto-transformer多绕组变压器multiple-winding transformer右螺旋定则right-handed screw rule同名端dotted terminalterminals of same magnetic polarity漏感leakage inductanceChapter 10 Resonance串联谐振series resonance并联谐振parallel resonance谐振频率resonant frequency特性阻抗characteristic impedance品质因数quality facto

19、r频率响应frequency response选择性selectivity选频特性frequency-selection characteristicChapter 11 Frequency Response复频率complex frequency网络函数network function转移函数transfer function多项式polynomial极点pole零点Y 八、zero波特图Bode plot分贝decibel增益gain对数logarithm半对数semilog转折频率corner / break frequency截止频率cut-off frequency带宽bandwid

20、th无源滤波器passive filter有源滤波器active filter低通滤波器low-pass filter高通滤波器high-pass filter带通滤波器band-pass filter带阻滤波器band-stop / band-reject / notch filterChapter 12 Three-phase Circuits对称三相电源对称三相电路balanced three-phase sourcessymmetrical three-phase circuit中线neutral line中性点neutral point三相四线制three-phase four-wi

21、re system相电压phase voltage线电压line voltage相序phase sequence正序positive / abc sequence负序negative / acb sequence相电流phase current线电流line currentChapter 13 Steady-State Response of Periodic Excitation周期性非正弦激励nonsinusoidal periodic excitation三角形式的付里叶级数trigonometric Fourier series指数形式的付里叶级数exponential Fourier

22、 series付里叶系数Fourier coefficient基波fundamental harmonic基波频率fundamental frequency谐波harmonic wave高次谐波higher harmonic频谱frequency spectrum谱线spectrum line线状频谱line spectrum奇次odd偶次even奇对称odd symmetry偶对称even symmetry半波对称half-wave symmetry帕斯瓦尔定理Parsevals theoremChapter 14 Fourier Transformation and Laplace Tra

23、nsformation付里叶变换Fourier transformation拉普拉斯变换Laplace transformation原函数original function象函数transform function积分变换integral transformation频域frequency domain幅度谱amplitude spectrum相位谱phase spectrum矩形脉冲rectangular pulse线性性质linearity时域微分time differentiation时域积分time integration时域平移time shift频域平移frequency shif

24、t拉普拉斯反变换inverse Laplace transformation拉普拉斯变换对Laplace pairsChapter 15 Two-port Networks端口port二端口网络two-port network四端网络four-terminal network / quadripoleZ参数impedance parametersY参数admittance parametersH参数Hybrid parametersT参数Transmission parameters策动点driving point（二端口）级联cascade connection传播常数transmissio

25、n constantChapter 16 Basis of Network Graph Theory图graph拓扑图topological graph子图subgraph连通图connected graph有向图oriented graph树tree树支tree branch连支link割集cut set降阶关联矩阵reduced incidence matrix增广矩阵augmented matrix秩rank基本回路矩阵fundamental loop matrix基本割集矩阵fundamental cut set matrix单位阵unit matrix转置阵transposed ma

26、trix正定矩阵positive definite matrix非奇异矩阵nonsingular matrix逆矩阵inverse matrix方阵square matrix零矩阵zero matrix行列式determinantChapter 17 State Variables Approach状态变量state variable状态方程state equation状态空间state space列向量column vector特征值characteristic value特征向量characteristicvector特征方程characteristicequation相似矩阵similar matrixChapter 18 Nonlinear Dynamic Circuits非线性时变电路 nonlinear time-varying circuit自治电路非自治电路前向欧拉法forward Eulars method后向欧拉法backward Eulars method相平