专升本写作考试简介分析课件

1、一、写作考试要求写作要求时间为25分钟，分值10份。要求学生在规定的时间内写出80-100词的短文，写作内容为日常生活题材或简单的业务交际的短文。试卷上可能给出题目，或规定情景，或要求写信函、个人简历、启事、通知等应用文。由此可见，应用文写作（书信）是专升本考试常考题型。第1页，共41页。写作步骤第一步：审题与构思（2-3分钟）第二步：正文写作（18-20分钟）开头段扩展段结尾段第三步：修改（2-3分钟）第一步：审题与构思：审题确定作文的三大要点：体裁，话题/题材和扩展方向。构思：拟定提纲修改：1 格式 2 大小写，标点符号， 拼写错误；2 背景时态错误；3 主谓一致；4 不完整句；5 累赘句

2、，6 词性错误第2页，共41页。二、应试技巧与策略一般来说，一篇好的应用文应包括以下两大因素：1）技术上的因素：语言自然流畅，语法错误较少，正确使用所学的词、词组和句型；语法及标点使用正确，句子结构完整；格式正确，符合常见的应用文格式；有效地采用了多种衔接的手法，意思连贯，层次清晰。2）非技术上的因素：在考试时，还必须把握“非技术上的因素”，即作文书写上应当清晰整洁，美观大方。动笔前，列个提纲，打个腹稿，做好心中有数，切忌字迹潦草，乱涂乱画。因为阅卷在夏天，酷暑难耐，心情易燥，作文书写的第一影响起了非常重要的作用。第3页，共41页。三、历年真题题型分析2009年：询价信 (an letter

3、of enquiry)询问商品的价格表。2008年：通告、通知 (a(n) poster /notice / announcement)就学校将举办的迎奥运为主题的大型晚会写一篇通告，邀请同学们参加演出。2007年：道歉信 (a letter of apology)：要求对无法如期会见客户写一封短信，说明，解释事由并约定下次见面的时间。2006年：建议信 (a letter of suggestion)给系主任写信，要学校为学生课外学习英语提供便利条件。2005年：征稿信 (a letter of contribution)以学生会新成立的杂志编辑部的名义向全校同学征稿。2004年：说明文 (

4、a letter of expository)为什么要继续学业，参加本科学习的目的。2003年：申请信 (a letter of application)你以大学生实验员的身份给国外某高校招生办公室写信，自我介绍，说明目的后索要招生简章。2002年：求职信 (a letter of application) 以毕业生的名义写一封求职信。2001年：邀请信 (a letter of invitation)邀请朋友参加新年庆祝会。第4页，共41页。第一大类、书信写作 书信是日常生活中常用的文体，是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具。书信一般可分为商务信件或公函（Busi

5、ness Letter or Official Correspondence）和私人信件（Private Letter）两大类。值得注意的是，英语书信的写法与汉语书信有一些明显区别，应特别加以区分。 第5页，共41页。一、书信写作格式英语书信通常包括下面几个组成部分：信端、信内地址、日期、称呼、正文、谦语、签名、附件、再启 。 但最主要的则包括这5个部分： 1. 便条的日期 2.对收便条人的称呼 3.便条的正文 4.谦语 5.签名第6页，共41页。 Feb. 11Richards, （1）Im sorry （2）I couldnt make our 4 oclock appointment.(

6、3) Prof. Sternes lecture lasted a lot longer than I had expected. (4)I could meet you in the department office tomorrow at 3 p.m., if that is convenient for you. (5)If not, please leave a note in my mailbox, #529, tomorrow morning. (6)Thank you. Sincerely yours, Zhang Hongyi 时间称呼1. 抱歉言语行为2. 抱歉内容3. 抱

7、歉事由4. 弥补行为，失约再约（时间，地点）5. 约会确定6. 致谢结尾客套语署名第7页，共41页。1.信端信封位置：1)寄件人地址姓名应写在信封左上角。2)收件人地址姓名应写在信封右下角。顺序：门牌号， 街号，街名，城市名；国名Eg：Room 432Dormitory Building 3Shanghai International Studies UniversityHong Kong Strict， Shanghai 20070China第8页，共41页。室/房 Room* * 村（乡）* Village* 号 No.* * 号宿舍 * Dormitory* 楼/层 */F* 住宅区/小

8、区 * Residential Quarter* 巷 / 弄 * Lane* 单元 Unit * 号楼/幢 * Building* 公司 用拼音拼写* 厂 * Factory* 酒楼/酒店 * Hotel* 路 * Road* 花园 * Garden* 街 * Street* 县 * County* 镇 * Town* 市 * City* 区 * District* 信箱 Mailbox * 省 * Prov.第9页，共41页。评分三大标准一、格式要求日期（1分）称呼（分）结尾（分） 凡不符合正确格式或表达都要扣分。错一处扣分，处分。没有格式扣分。人名写成 或汉字扣分。第10页，共41页。 虹

9、口区西康南路125弄34号201室Room 201,No.34,Lane 125, XiKang Road (South),HongKou District 河南省南阳市中州路42号No.42， Zhongzhou Road，Nanyang City， Henan Prov. 湖北省荆州市红苑大酒店Hongyuan Hotel, Jingzhou city, Hubei Prov.中山市东区亨达花园7栋702Room 702, 7th Building, Hengda Garden, East District, Zhongshan 福建省厦门市莲花五村龙昌里34号601室Room 601,

10、No.34 Long Chang Li, Xiamen , Fujian 山东省青岛市开平路53号国棉四厂二宿舍1号楼2单元204户NO. 204, Building NO. 1, The 2nd Dormitory of the NO. 4 State-owned Textile Factory, 53 Kaiping Road , Qingdao , Shandong 第11页，共41页。2、信内地址 写在信纸的左上角，从信纸的左边顶格开始写，低于写信人地址和发信日期一二行，先写收信人姓名、头衔和单位名称，然后写地址；收信人名前加尊称，Mr. Miss Mrs， 头衔Dr. prof。 S

11、ir，不知姓名，写职位或职称。 Ms. Joanna KerryPeking UniversityHaidian District, 100871BeijingChina第12页，共41页。3.日期日期顶格写在左上角，在信内地址的下方。1）.关于发信日期的写法，应注意以下几点： 年份应完全写出，不能简写。 月份要用英文名称，不要用数字代替。 月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July, 因为较短，不可缩写。 写日期时，可用基数词1，2，3，4，5，28，29，30，31等，也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31

12、st等。但最好用基数词，简单明了。 2）. 日期可有下列几种写法： Oct. 20, 2004 10 May., 2004 3rd June, 2004 Sept. 16th, 2004 其中，最为通用。 第13页，共41页。Jan.Feb.Mar.Apr.MayJuneJulyAug.Sep.Oct.Nov.Dec.第14页，共41页。4、salutation 称呼从信纸的左边顶格开始写，每个词的开头字母要大写，至于末尾处的符号，英国人用逗号，但美国和加拿大英语则多用冒号，但我们常用逗号。先生（男人）Mr。Mr. 用在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，不可只用在名字之前，例如对的称呼，应该是：Mr.

13、 或 Mr. White, 不可是：Mr. Tom。 夫人（已婚）Mrs, 小姐（未婚）Miss,夫人、小姐统称Ms或Madam.夫妇俩人Mr.and Mrs. 头衔或职称（不分性别）：教授Professor，博士Doctor(Dr.,Ph.D.)，总统或校长President， 主席或董事长Chairman，副主席或副董事长Vice Chairman，首相Prime Minister， 总理Premier，省长或州长Governor 市长Mayor参议员Senator大使Ambassador，秘书长Secretary General，院长Director,Dean，副院长Vice Direc

14、tor，系主任Dean,Head,Chair ，馆长Chief Librarian,Curator第15页，共41页。称呼的具体方式视双方的熟知程度而定。对有一定社会距离，不熟悉的人：Dear Sir; Dear Madam; Dear President; Dear Mr. Smith对相识的人：Dear Shirley; Dear Smith对亲近的人或家人：Dear Mom; Dear Dad; Dear Mary, 甚至没有dear 也可以第16页，共41页。5、正文 (body)即信件内的主要内容。正文第一句句子一般和称呼之间空一至二行或右缩进约四五个字母 。 内容要简单明了，一般不

15、用同汉语信一样的“你好（how are you?）”之类的词。一般要开门见山，表明你写这封信的意图。第17页，共41页。6.谦语即写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称，在信的右（或左）下角，写上表示自己对收 信人一种礼貌客气的谦称。和正文隔开1-2行书写位置中偏右后加逗号礼貌尊重程度依社会距离而定：正式的、尊称：Faithfully yours, Respectfully yours, Sincerely yours, Truly yours，Yours truly。一般情况可用：Yours熟悉或亲近的人可直接用自己的名字 如Mary, Jane第18页，共41页。7、签名 (signature)

16、，即亲笔签上写信人自己的姓名。 有时，需要在署名的下一、二行位置写上写信人的职位或头衔。（若考试时，题目要求里已明确给出，则需写出。）第19页，共41页。8、其他标点符号称呼后面一定要有标点， 一般用逗号，或冒号结尾客套话后面，一定要有标点，只能是逗号署名后面，一定不能有标点月份缩写后面用点号日子后接年份时，日子后要使用逗号隔开第20页，共41页。9.结构英语书信的款式一般有两种：齐头式 (Block Style) 和折衷式 (Semi-Block Style)。齐头式常常在商贸、官方以及一些正式的信件中使用，以显示信件内容的严肃性，真实性， 可靠性。而折衷式则显的比较随便，主要用于家人、朋友

17、、私人之间来往的信件。如果两人之间不是第一次通信，相互比较了解，可以省略信内的双方地址。 第21页，共41页。用齐头式信件写信，其正文与称呼之间空一至二行。每段的第一句句子不需要空 格，但段与段之间需要空一至二行。齐头式信件的信尾客套话和签名可以有两种款式。第一种写在左下方，这是最常用也是最正式的。另外也可以写在右下方，这种形式则表示写信人与收信人之间的关系比较熟悉随便。 第22页，共41页。参考范文 Nov. 30, 2008Dear Jane, I heard you want to subscribe to an Englishlanguage newspaper. Here Id li

18、ke torecommend one to you. Personally, I suggest 21st Century as my favorite, which is designed especially for college students to study English. The topics discussed areclose to college life and could arouse our attention. Besides, the new words and expressions are marked, which makes it easier for

19、 us to memorize and take notes. Ive benefited a lot from reading this newspaper and I believe it can also help you improve your English. Sincerely yours,Mary 第23页，共41页。Nov. 30, 2008Dear Jane, I heard you want to subscribe to an Englishlanguage newspaper. Here Id like torecommend one to you. Personal

20、ly, I suggest 21st Century as my favorite, which is designed especially for college students to study English. The topics discussed areclose to college life and could arouse our attention. Besides, the new words and expressions are marked, which makes it easier for us to memorize and take notes. Ive

21、 benefited a lot from reading this newspaper and I believe it can also help you improve your English. Sincerely yours,Mary 第24页，共41页。用折衷式书写信件，其正文与称呼之间空一至二行。第一段第一句的第一个单词必须在Dear称呼的直接下面。以后每段开头都要与第一段第一个字对齐。信尾的客套话和签名都写在右下方。朋友之间写信一般都使用折衷式，而且称呼与正文之间一般不空行。具体款式和要求参见后面的一些信件。 第25页，共41页。 Nov. 30, 2008Dear Jane,

22、 I heard you want to subscribe to an Englishlanguage newspaper. Here Id like to recommend one to you. Personally, I suggest 21st Century as my favorite, which is designed especially for college students to study English. The topics discussed are close to college life and could arouse our attention.

23、Besides, the new words and expressions are marked, which makes it easier for us to memorize and take notes. Ive benefited a lot from reading this newspaper and I believe it can also help you improve your English. Sincerely yours, Mary第26页，共41页。构件布局向右靠：时间、结尾客套语、署名向左靠：称呼中心段落：建议采用折中式段落，即：段首空四个字符、两端对齐结尾

24、客套语和署名，不能写在同一行第27页，共41页。一、申请信申请信主要用于求职或求学,目的是要对方充分了解自己的目的和资格.因此,申请信必须简明扼要,突出重点.申请信可以是针对招聘广告写的,也可以是直接递交给某个单位的.申请信要求语言规范,信息正式,既不能夸张,也不必过于谦虚.申请信的结构一般包括:申请目标,自述理由,介绍资格,请求面试和期待回音等. 语言注意点申请信开篇应点明主题，语言简练。接着说明做此申请的原因，即自己所具备的申请条件，这一部分需重点明确，论述充分。最后请求回复并表示感谢时，应采用礼貌、诚恳的措辞。 第28页，共41页。正文主要有 部分: (1)说明得知消息的来源 (2)介绍

25、自己的个人信息及其个人经历 (3)留下个人的联系方式 第29页，共41页。推荐模板 ： DateDear , I am writing to apply for Here is my personal information for you. If my application could be taken into favorable consideration, I would be most grateful. Enclosed are my score reports on all subjects and two recommendations. Yours sincerely, N

26、ame 第30页，共41页。 DateDear , I am writing to express my great interest in , and Id like to apply as . I would be very grateful if you grant me an interview.Yours sincerely, Name第31页，共41页。常用表达方式: (1) I am writing to ask whether you could send me some information about your college as well as application

27、 forms (2) I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to do graduate study in your university. (3)Thank you very much for the information you sent me about your college and for the application forms, which I am returning with three letters of recommendation, a certified copy of

28、 my transcript and (4) I am looking forward to your early reply (5)If you want to know more about me, please contact me at 第32页，共41页。范文： Write a letter to a university to apply for further study, write about 100 words. You do not need to write the address. 第33页，共41页。 July20, Dear Sirs,(1)I am intere

29、sted in graduate study in physics, with the ultimate goal of teaching at the college level, and would like to talk with you about the requirements of your department.(2)After my graduation from Peking University in 2000, I worked for several years before my marriage as a teacher in Open College. Dur

30、ing that time I completed three graduate courses at Zhe Jiang University, but did not finish my masters degree. (3)A resume of my background and experience is enclosed. I could probably manage almost a full schedule if necessary. However, I would prefer to begin on a more limited basis if this could

31、 be arranged. (4)I will call your office in a few days for an appointment.Yours sincerely, Kim时间称呼语(1) 说明想要申请的部门套语 I am interested in对十分感兴趣开头直接表明自己有意向继续深造(2) 然后简述个人经历从北京大学毕业后,结婚前在Open College当了几年老师(3) A resume of my background and experience is enclosed.并说明已附上简历.(4)表示会亲自拜访落款第34页，共41页。 July20, Dear S

32、irs, (1)I am interested in attending your college to prepare myself for a career in teaching, probably at the secondary level, and would like take the chance to talk with you about certification requirements and the programs open to me at Open University. (2)As my two children (aged four and six) st

33、ill require considerable attention, I am not free at present to attend school on a full-time basis. However, I would like to begin as soon as possible if a part-time program can be arranged. (3) I am a graduate of London University, class of 1996, where I majored in English and minored in mathematic

34、s. My choice of teaching filed would probably be one of these two subjects. (4)Enclosed is a resume of my background and experience. I will call your office in a few days for an appointment. Faithfully yours,Jane时间称呼语(1)说明写信的目的是为以后的教师生涯做准备prepare myself for a career in 为作准备(2)说明自己的具体情况 由于两个小孩需要照顾,现在

35、还不能上全天课,希望能上业余的课程(3) 介绍自己的学历 minored in 辅修(4) 结束语 Enclosed is a resume of my background and experience. 已附上自己的经历和学历情况第35页，共41页。练习1：You want to apply for the scholarship of this term. Write a letter to the school office. Your letter should be no less than 100 words. You dont need to write the address

36、. 第36页，共41页。Dear Sir,I should like to apply for one of the scholarships that your department may be offering to students from other countries. Would you please send me the necessary application forms and any further details about the scholarships.I am a postgraduate student in Beijing Science and En

37、gineering University. I major in microelectronics engineering, and do some research work during my study years. I hope to have a further study and continue to do my research work if I succeed in obtaining the engineering scholarship.Enclosed please find two letters of recommendation and my score rep

38、ort card.Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to your reply.Respectfully yours,Ma Minghao第37页，共41页。练习2：You want to apply for a job as a personal secretary to the general manager of a company. Write a letter to the Human Resources Department of that company offering your services. Your le

39、tter should be no less than 100 words. You dont need to write the address. Dont sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Anita instead.第38页，共41页。Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a personal secretary to the general manager. I am fu

40、lly confident that I am the right person for the job.I know that my future boss have lots of work each day, however, it is exactly the challenge in my perspective job that attracts me and makes me to submit this application to you. I have worked as the private secretary in an insurance company for two years and gained many experiences. I believe my qualifica