材料工程基础课件：Chapter 1 Ore preparation矿石准备

1、材料制备原理与工艺，48学时蒋成保，张跃材料制备技术，32学时蒋成保Including: lMetals (金属)，32学时lCeramic materials （无机非金属材料），16学时课程意义1. 与新材料制备科学息息相关纳米材料信息薄膜材料高性能飞机发动机叶片用单晶材料快速凝固技术2. 教学大纲内容为基础以金属、特种陶瓷材料为重点3. 结合材料学院特色方向Part one: Metals l Ore preparationl Extraction and refining of metals冶金l Melting and casting of metals铸造l Forging and

2、 rolling锻造l Heat treatment processes热处理l The joining of metals焊接l Engineering alloysChapter one: Ore preparation矿石准备 1. 矿石类型(Types of ore)Oxides: Iron, aluminum, tin and titanium. Sulphides: Copper, lead, zinc, and nickel.Oxy-salt oresNative metals: unreactive metals(e.g. Au, Ag, Pt, Cu, Hg) have fo

3、und in the elemental (uncombined) state.2. Ore preparation Fe, 40-60%, Fe2O3, SiO2, CaO, Al2O3Cu, Cu2S，0.4%-5%，Al, Al2O3, 40%-60%This stage, which is also known as ore dressing (选矿), follows mining （采矿） and prepares the ore for extraction （冶金）. It controls the particle size and cleans the ore by rem

4、oving much of the gangue. Dressing may also remove particle substances containing undesirable elements, which may be difficult or impossible to remove later. The main objectives of ore dressing are1. The liberation of the valuable minerals from the gangue minerals.2. The separation of the valuable m

5、inerals from the gangue minerals. The first objective is achieved by concentration process which are referred to as Comminution(破碎）. The second objective is accomplished by concentration processes, which exploit differences in physical properties between the valuable and gangue minerals, such as tho

6、se of relative density, magnetic and surface properties. 2.1 Comminution 破碎crushing,， jaw crushers （15cm-5cm） cone crusher （5cm-2mm）Grinding，ball miller (0.5mm-0.05mm)2.2 Concentration Magnetic SeperationMagnetic separators are used to separate valuable magnetic mineral from nonmagnetic gangue or ma

7、gnetic contaminations from nonmagnetic valuable minerals.magnetite (Fe3O4) haematite (Fe2O3) and siderite (FeCO3) can be roasted to form Fe3O4 to enable good separation. Gravity Separation3. Agglomeration processes The partical size of material resulting from separation processes may be too fine to be fed directly to a smelting furnace. Hence, these fine particles must be formed into large lumps and this is achieved by agglomeration（烧团）. The ground fine particles is reformed into large, porous lumps more suitable for smelting. The addition of a flux to the mixture to be agglomerated will gi