人教版(新教材)高中英语选修3Unit 3　Environmental Protection优质学案：Grammar-直接引语和间接引语

1、Grammar一一直接引语和间接引语图解语法脉络遵循“一改二变三加四去”原那么一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一直接引语和间接引语，特殊疑问句-图解语法脉络遵循“一改二变三加四去”原那么一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一直接引语和间接引语，特殊疑问句-仍用原句中的特殊疑问词感知语法规律I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary, “ said Anne.f Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.Can you lend me two

2、yuan? he asked me.f He asked me if I could lend him two yuan.u What do you call your diary? ” Anne,s sister asked her.f Annes sister asked her what she called her diary.He said to Ann, “Tell me your problem.”f He told Ann to tell him her problem.uBe careful with the dog, boys, “ she said.-She warned

3、 the boys to be careful with the dog.6.She said, Dont make so much noise, children !”f She told the children not to make so much noise.K自主发现11.直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语变成that引导的宾语从句。直接引语为一般疑 问句时，间接引语变成if/whether引导的宾语从句。直接引语为特殊疑问句时, 分钟就可以烤好饼干，sb/sth take some time to do sth是固定句式，意为“花时间 做某事”，故填to bake。. to tally

4、 K考查副词。该空修饰形容词undercooked（煎或烤得火候缺乏的），应 用副词。故填totally。.up K考查介词。句意：太空烘焙师调高了烤箱的温度，烤面团的时间也变长 了，直到他们成功。turn up（调高），是固定短语。故填up。.longer K考查比拟级。根据句意,该处应用long的比拟级,故填longer。1 10.whether/if K考查连词。句意：这种太空烘焙饼干目前在德克莎州休斯顿的 一个实验室里。科学家将对它们进行测试，看它们是否可以平安食用。该空引导 宾语从句,表示“是否，故填whether/if。间接引语仍由原来的特殊疑问词引导宾语从句。2.如果直接引语为祈

5、使句，变为间接引语时，通常采用“动词+宾语+不定式” 结构。常见的引述动词有tell, order, ask, warn。如果转述的祈使句为否认式, 那么在不定式(to)前加not或nevero精讲语法知识直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引 语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语如果改为间接引语，需在连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和 动词等方面做相应的变化。1 .连接词的选择(1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口 语中that可以省略。The little boy said, “I was playing with

6、 my toys when someone knocked at the door. 小男孩说：“我在玩我的玩具，这时有人敲门。”f The little boy said (that) he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.小男孩说，他在玩他的玩具，那时有人敲门。直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用 whether(or.或or not)或 if 弓I 导。Mother said to her daughter, u Are you satisfied with your new r

7、oom?” 妈妈对她的女儿说：“你对你的新房间满意吗？ ”-*Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.妈妈问她女儿是否对她的新房间满意。(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时-，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余 的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规那么来进行。When will the sports meet be held? ” he said.他说：“什么时候举行运动会？ ”He asked when the sports meet would be held.他问什么时候举行运动

8、会。K名师提醒直接引语是陈述句时，假设变为间接引语，主句谓语动词said to sb”常改为told sbo(2)如果主句中谓语动词是said,那么将其改为askedo(3)疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。即时训练1将直接引语变为间接引语Cathy always says, TH do it better next time. ”f Cathy always says that shell do jj better, the next time.Sarah asked, “What were you doing from nine to eleven this morn

9、ing? ”Sarah asked me what I was doing from nine to eleven that morn ing.(3)1 asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight? ”f I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to q film that night.2.人称的变化(记忆口诀)一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。(1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主

10、语是第一人称或 被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own.” 玛丽说，“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”f Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.玛丽说她想拥有一台自 己的电脑。“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，假设从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称 或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。Her colleague said to her, Who did you ask for a leave?

11、” 她的同事对她说，“你 向谁请了假？ ”f Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave,她的同事问她向谁请了假。“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语 是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。The workers said, “The leaders often make the workers work extra hours.” 工人们说：“领导经常让工人们加班。”f The workers said that the leaders often made the worker

12、s work extra hours. 工人们说领导经常让工人们加班。即时训练2把以下句子变为间接引语，注意人称变化He said, “She will come here to have a long holiday/5 f He said that she would go there to have a long holiday.She said to me, You play basketball better than me.” f She told me that I played basketball better than her. “I bought this pair of

13、 shoes for my father, “ Kate said.f Kate said she had bought that pair of shoes for her father.My father said, “I hope you will grow up to be President.” f My father said that he hoped I would grow up to be President.3.时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时句子时态变化如下表：直接引语间接引语句子时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成

14、时过去完成时（不变）一般将来时过去将来时His friend said to him, “Wc arc planning to have a picnic.他的朋友对他说：“我 们计划去野餐。”-His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告诉他说, 他们计划去野餐。The organizer said, “We have begun our plan.” 组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。” f The organizer said that they had begun their plan. 组织者说

15、，他们已开始了他们的计划。K名师提醒R在下面几种情况中，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化。直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时，其时态不变。“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, “ the teacher told me.f The teacher told me (that) the earth moves around the sun and that the moon moves around the earth.(2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态

16、不变。Tom said, “I was born on April 21, 1980.f Tom said he was born on April 21, 1980.即时训练3把以下句子变为间接引语，注意时态变化He said, “I saw the film yesterday?5f He said that he had seen the film the day before.She said, “I have seen the film.lt is good.f She said that she had seen the film, and that it was good.(3)

17、He asked, “Is it raining? ”f He asked if it was raining.The teacher said, “I will give my students a few holidays at the end of this month.” f The teacher promised that he would give his students a few holidays at the end of that month. “Light travels much faster than sound, “ my father told me.-My

18、father told me that light travels much faster than sound. u When did you come here? ” she asked.-She asked me when I went there.4.指示词、状语及动词的变化即时训练4指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语now today tonight yesterday tomorrow last month(week) next month(week) the day before yesterdaythenthat daythat nightthe day be

19、fore the next/following day the month(week)before the next month(week) two days before地点状语herethere动词come bringgo take将直接引语改为间接引语Henry said, “I havent seen her today.n一 Henry said that he hadnt seen her that day.Helen said to me, This happened yesterday/9f Helen told mg that had happened the day bef

20、ore.Shelly said, “I arrived two days ago.” Shelly said that she had arrived two days before.5.引述祈使句通常用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。如果祈使句为否认句，在不 定式的前面加上not。引述表示命令的祈使句，常用动词order, tell, warn；引 述表示请求的祈使句常用动词ask, beg；引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句常用动词 advise 等0He said, “Please come here again tomorrow.” f He asked me to go there again

21、the next day. 他让我第二天再到那儿去。He said, “Do have a look yourself first.”一 He advised me to have a look myself first.他建议我自己先看一看。He said, Dont make so much noise, boys.”f He told the boys not to make so much noise.他叫那些男孩不要弄出那么多的噪音。K名师提醒祈使句变间接引语，遵循“一改二变三加四去”原那么：一改：said (to)改为 asked 或 told二变：said to的宾语变成aske

22、d等的宾语三加：即在动词原形前加to,使其成为动词不定式四去：去掉please即时训练5将直接引语变为间接宾语The teacher said to the boy， Open the door, please! ”f The teacher told the boy to open the door.His father said to him, Dont leave the window open when you are out. ”f His father told him not to leave the window open when he was out. uPlease ex

23、plain why youre late, “ the boss said.f The boss asked him to explain why he was late.运用语法规那么I.单句语法填空.He said he hadnt seen (not, see) his old friends for a long time.We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.My sister advised me to tidy (tidy) my room b

24、y myself.The teacher said that two plus two is (be) four.The moment I got home, my wife asked me whether/if I had been to the hospital.The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said.(2020天津卷改编).She reported that the next Olympic Games would b。 held (hold) in P

25、aris in 2024.一How dangerous drunk-driving is!一Yes.We should try to persuade our families and friends never to drive (drive) after drinking.While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it is (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.(2018全国卷 I 语法

26、 填空).As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when you will come (come) and see him. n.补全句子1 John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。2.She asked me if (whether) J often went there to read newspapers.她问我是否经常去那儿看报。askedhimwhether he would stay at home or go to see a film that

27、 night.我问他那天晚上是待在家还是去看电影。.He advised me to take a walk after supper.他建议我晚饭后出去走走。.Mary said that she hadnt heard from he匚 parents, those days.玛丽说那些日子她没有收到父母的来信。.Kate asked whether my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.凯特问我的妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的。.Our teacher told us that failure js the mother of success

28、.老师告诉我们失败是成功之母。8.The teacher said that where there is a will, there is a way.老师说有志者，事竟成。III.语法填空Kitchen technology has reached new heights.So far, astronauts on the InternationalSpace Station 1.(make)the universes first space-baked cookies.They are 2. very first kind of food to be baked in space fro

29、m raw ingredients.The astronauts said 3.(eat) freshly baked food will make them happy while on the space station.lt will be a comforting 4.(remind) of home.This will be important for astronauts going to the moon or on the long journey to Mars.Baking the space cookies once 5.(think) extremely difficultOn Earth, cookies take about 20