英语句子结构课件

1、英语基本句型1英语的词性： 名词(nouns) n. 代词(pronoun) pron.实词 数词(numeral) num. 形容词(adjective) adj. 或a. 副词(adverb) adv. 动词(verb) v. 冠词(article) art.虚词 介词(preposition) prep. 连词(conjunction) conj. 助词(auxiliary) aux.2句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种： 主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语, 主语补足语和宾语补足语。 学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成

2、也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。3英语的句子成分： （一） 主语：是一个句子所叙述的主题， Tom likes apples. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is not allowed in public places. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.（二）谓语由_担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当

3、形式也构成谓语动词。说明主语所做的动作或状态.动词有着各种时态的变化 Action speaks louder than words. They may come back again. Mary has worked at the shop since 1994. 动词/动词短语名词代词数词to do不定式doing动名词句子4（三）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在_之后。_词后也会跟宾语。She covered her face with her hands. We havent seen her for a long time. Do you mind opening

4、the window? Give me four please. He wants to be an actor. We dont know what others are doing. We should take care of about our friends. 动词/动词短语介词名词 n代词 pron动名词代词和数词to do不定式句子介词+名词5宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） You lend me your dictionary. My mother bought my brother a computer.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语） They electe

5、d him their monitor. I find the homework difficult to finish.6（四）表语 它的位置在_之后。是用来说明主语的_,_, _的.My father is a doctor. Whos that? Its me. Everything here is expensive. The match became very exciting. The story of my life may be of help to others.Three times five is fifteen.His plan is to seek work in t

6、he city. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 系动词性质特征状态名词 n代词 pron形容词 adjadj介词短语数词to do不定式句子7（五） 定语 是修饰_词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。They are woman workers. Toms father didnt write home until yesterday. Mary is a beautiful girl. Alan has three story books. This is her

7、 first trip to Europe. China is a developing country. I have nothing to eat. Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 名前后 名词名词所有格形容词 adj数词形容词 /序数词 /to do 不定式现在分词 doingto do 不定式从句8(六）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。 We planted trees in the park. I left t

8、he village five years ago. I arrived late because of the traffic jam . Well go there to find a good job. It was raining so that I couldnt go out. The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. If he goes,I will tell you. Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 地点状语时间状语原因状语目的状语结果状语伴随状语条件状语让

9、步状语9（七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。They elected me captain of the team. We try to make our country strong. We found everything in good order there. I should advise you to get the chance. I saw him going upstairs. They found the house broken in.名词形容词介词短语to do 不定式现在分词 doingdone 过去分词宾语

10、和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构10(八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语I was elected captain of the team. Our country will be made strong.与宾语补足语一样11（九）同位语：当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分（1）用来说明和解释另一个句子成分（），这个句子成分（）就叫做另一个句子成分（2）的同位语。We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生）We all are students.

11、(all是we的同位语，都指同样的我们） 12 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语13一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? The old man sitting at the gate said that he was ill.一个完整的句子做宾语，那么这个句子叫宾语从句。

12、14(二) 挑出下列句中的表语- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.- My dream is that I can be admitted into a key university.一个完整的句子做表语，那么这个句子叫表语从句。15(三) 挑出下列句中的定语1. What is your last name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to clean the floor.3. The man in the gym was tr

13、ying to sleep.4.Gym is a place where you can exercise and have fun.一个完整的句子做定语，那么这个句子叫定语从句。16(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.17(五) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face

14、. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. He began to learn English when he was eleven.一个完整的句子做状语，那么这个句子叫状语从句。18 With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost i

15、t, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.19英语句子的类型简单句并列句复合句只有一个主谓结构（五种基本句型）有两个或两个以上主谓结构一个主句加一个或几个从句20简单句的基本句型-1主谓结构21简单句的基本句型-1主谓结构 是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2.

16、 So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.22(主语+不及物动词)扩展和修饰The boy spoke to his teacher.The little boy

17、spoke loudly to his teacher. The boy named Tom spoke to his math teacher in a low voice.The little boy called Tom spoke to his Chinese teacher.23yesterday evening. two hours.in the past ten years. 1她昨天回家很晚。2会议将持续两个小时。3在过去的十年里，（在）我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。She went homevery lateThe meeting will last Great change

18、s have taken placein my home town巩固练习：24简单句的基本句型-2主谓宾结构25主谓宾结构 本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build

19、 the dam. 6. Mother promises to give me a present.26(主语+及物动词+宾语)扩展和修饰I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.Unfortunately, I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.Unfortunately, I forgot to mail the letter yesterday, which disappointed my mum so much.271昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了4他们成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能

20、流利地说三种语言。 I wrote a letterlast night.I want to talk with youthis afternoon.He has read this bookmany times.They have carried out the plansuccessfully.That gentleman can speak three languagesfluently.巩固练习：28简单句的基本句型3 双宾语结构29英语基本句型3 双宾语结构 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人） +直接宾语（事物）”组成。如： He brings me cookies

21、every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的） bu

22、y, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。30(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)扩展和修饰Grandma told me a story.As expected, Grandma told me a story .Grandma told me a story for the purpose of cheering me up.Grandma told me one story after another in the hope of cheering me up.311Johnson 先

23、生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4他把车票给列车员看。 Mr Johnson taught us Germanlast year.Grandma told me an interesting storylast night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.32 简单句的基本句型-4 主系表结构33英语基本句型-4主系表结构 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示

24、特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; 34Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities.The potatoes went bad in the fie

25、lds.Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.35(主语+连系动词+表语)扩展和修饰The soup tastes good.To our surprise, The soup tastes good.The soup tastes good,which is beyond our expectation.Frankly speaking, The soup tastes good.To be honest, The soup tastes so good as to surprise everyone

26、.36巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少保持安静。 4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.375他失业了。 6树叶已经变黄了7这个报告听起来很有意思He is out of work. The

27、leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting.38简单句的基本句型5 复合宾语结构39英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构 说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He use

28、d to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.40巩固练习：1我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小偷释放了。 4我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 7他每个月理一次发8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 We call her Alice. All

29、of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free. I want you to tell me the truth. The guards ordered us to leave at once. Every morning we hear him read English aloud. He has his hair cut once a month. We wont let her go out at night. 41英语基本句型6 There be 句型42英语基本句型6 There be 句型 说明： 此句型是由“the

30、re+be+主语+其他”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.43 be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 There is/are 过去有 There was/were 将来有 There will be； There is /are going to be. 现在已经有 There has/have been 可能有 There might be. 肯定有 There must be There must h