中考宾语从句详解和练习题

1、 宾语从句 # #一、宾语从句的定义：宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。knowhim.Iknowwhohe主语谓语宾语主语谓语连词从句主语从句谓语 # 宾语从句宾语:位于谓语动词或者介词后：Iknowhim.Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.Doyouhavethetime?Whydontyoupayattentiontome?宾语从句的概念：从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词、形容词之后。WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswers

2、wereright.二、宾语从句分类:根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类:由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesntknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.that的省略：e.g.Iguess(that)somebodyelsehasborrowedit.注意：当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。eg.Ibelieve(that

3、)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idontknowwhythetrainislate.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if/whether“是否”，

4、说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分。Iwanttoknowif(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus.Askhimwhether(if)hecancome.Iwonderwhetheritisgoingtorainornot.Couldyoutellmewhether(if)MrLiliveshere?只用whether的情况：在引导主语从句、表语从句、引导同位语从句时:主语从句:Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.Whethe

5、rheisrightorwrongisaquestion.表语从句:Thequestioniswhetheritistrue.(为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句提在主句前。WhetherhewillcomeIamnotsure.)Thequestionwhetherhewillacceptitconfusesus.用在动词不定式之前时(whethertodosth.):Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.Idontknowwhethertogothereatonce.当与ornot连用，或or提出两种选择时:Idontknowwhetherhesfreeornot.Mary

6、askedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.Tellmewhetheryoudliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.在介词或discuss后面:Imthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.注意:只能用if不能用whether的情况引导条件状语从句Ifherunsfast,hellgetthereontime.IllgotoseeyouifIhavetime.引导否定的宾语从句Tellmeifitisnotgoingtorain,plea

7、se.if/whether用法巧记:两个“是否”并不难，一般情况可代换。下列情况用whether,主表不定式or(not)。作为讨论介词宾，此时if不可跟。还有一点也得编，whether从句可提前。引导条件表“如果”，再也不可用whethero宾语从句若否定，whether一词不可用。练习:选择if/whether。Iaskedhershehadabike.2.Wereworriedaboutheissafe.Iwonderheiswell.4.Idontknowornotheiswell.Idontknowtogo.宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：主句+连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分；即：助动词不能

8、放在主语前面。例如:Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变:Whatswrong?Whatsthematter?Whatshappening?Whoisoverthere？Idontknowwhatsthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?注意：否定前移若主句谓语动词为think,guess，imagine，suppose,believe等其后的宾语从句若含有

9、否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式；其反意疑问句，疑问从句。主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。误：IthinkTomcannotswim.正：IdontthinkTomcanswim.此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：Ithinkheiswrong,isnthe?Hethinksheisright,doesnthe?Idontthinkheisright,?A.isntheB.isheC.doID.

10、dontI.Hebelievessheisright,?A.doesntheB.doesheC.issheD.isntshe否定前移及反意疑问句形式巧记法：我认为猜想有假不可信，提问宾从构反问。从句若表否定意，否定词语要前移。Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell,doesit?我认为这件衣服不适合你穿,是吗？Idontbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday，willyou?我认为你今天无法完成工作,是吗？四、时态主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenye

11、arsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.如果主句是过去的时态(一般过去时，过去进行时)，从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)Iknewwholivedthere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebackthenextday.Hesaidthathehadseenthemovie.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay

12、.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.Mr.Litoldmethesunrisesintheeast.练习：1.Theradiosaysitcloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverythingwell.(go)Ihearthey(return)italready.HesaidthattheymembersofthePartysince1948.(be)Ourteachertoldusinclassthesunintheeast.(rise)宾语从句巧记

13、法：宾语从句要注意，时态引导词和语序。1.时态问题时态问题看主句，现在时态可随意。过去时态用过去，客观情况要注意，主过从现要切记。2.引导词问题引导词，并不难，主句含义最关键。主表肯定意完整，that常用也可省。主表疑问不确定，另类词，要使用。从句句意若完整，if/whether不可省。从句若是缺成分，特殊(疑)问词来过问。3.语序问题还有一项是语序，陈述语序要切记。如何对它来判断，助动莫放主语前重点：从句中的语序为陈述语序；Doyouknowhowoldisshe?(应改为：howoldsheis)从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。Shedidnttellmewhenshewillcome.(

14、应改为：whenshewouldcome)转换：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。Ivenoideawhatweregoingtodonext.=Ivenoideawhattodonext.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?=Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?难点：1.宾语从句中的It可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find，feel，consider，make，believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置

15、.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.IfeelitapitythatIhaventbeentotheget-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.Ithinkitnousecrying.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加itIhateitwhentheyarewiththeirmouthsfulloffood.PleaseseetoitthatthedoorisclosedDonttakeitforgrantedthatwehelpyou.Iwou

16、ldappreciateitifyoucouldhelpme.IfindimportantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.A.itB.thisC.thatD.what.Youcantimaginewhentheyreceivedthenicegift.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited宾语从句中的虚拟1)suggest,order,insist,propose,宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，sb.(should)do.Heinsistedth

17、atallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.Heorderedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.wish接虚拟IwishIwereyou.IwishIhadntknownyou.IwishIcouldgoabroadoneday.3)在句型Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：(sho

18、uld)+动词原形，如：Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。Itsimportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。巩固练习：()1.Couldyoushowme?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation()2.Pleasetellme.A.what

19、doeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelikeTOC o 1-5 h z()3.Mysistertoldhim.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive()4.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis()5.Couldyoutellmehowlong?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissci

20、encebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina()6.Hesaysthatifittomorrow,hefishing.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgo()7.Theyoungmanaskeditssummerorwinter.A.ifB.thatC.weatherD.whether()8.Wedontknowtheydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which()9.TheteacherasksusJi

21、mcancomebackontimetomorrow.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime()10.Doesanybodyknowwewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that()11.Becareful!Dontbreakthebottles.Doyouhear_Isaid?David?Yes,MumA.whatB.thatC.whyD.If()12.Theteacheraskedthenewstudentclasshewasin.A.whichB.whereC.ifD.That()13.Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydont