2021-2022四川中考英语复习课件 专题六　词汇运用(共39张PPT)

1、第二篇攻专题 能力提升二题型专题探究专题六词汇运用栏目导航解题技巧中考例题精析第 3 页命题特点分析近几年达州中考真题，词汇运用的考查类型是：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。词汇运用的短文体裁以记叙文为主，高频话题包括：生活感悟、故事集萃(教育故事、情感故事)，词数为200325个单词。必考点包括：名词(考查角度包括名词单数变为复数或形容词变为名词)、形容词(考查角度包括形容词原级、原级变为其比较级或最高级、名词变为形容词)、代词(考查角度包括人称代词主格变为宾格、反身代词、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词或定语从句中的关系代解 题 技 巧第 4 页词)、非谓语动词(考查角度包括动词不定式和动

2、名词)、动词语态(考查角度包括一般过去时的被动语态、一般将来时的被动语态、情态动词的被动语态，其中以一般过去时的被动语态为主)、动词时态(考查角度包括现在完成时、现在进行时等，其中现在完成时的考查居多)。一般而言，词汇运用题中变形词数为59个。第 5 页解题方法1语境推测法只有在具体的语言环境中才能确定要填的单词，因此，首先要掌握文章或句子大意，才能正确理解空缺词在句子中的意义，从而做出合理的选择。2语法判断法一般的空缺词都可以通过其所在句子的句型结构和句子成分来判断其词性，这样可以缩小空缺词的选择范围，提高选词的准确率。第 6 页3词形确定法确定了空缺处单词的词性后，还要借助上下文确定出它的

3、适当形式。若空缺处需要填写动词，那么就要考虑动词的语态、时态等；若空缺处需要填写形容词，那么就要考虑形容词的比较级、最高级及固定句式等。4固定搭配法如空缺处考查固定短语或句型，则要根据固定搭配的结构来填写正确的形式。第 7 页5逻辑推理法填完所有单词后，不可孤立地逐个词检查，必须将填入的词代入文章或句子中，通读全文或句子，仔细检查所填词是否符合文章或句子的情景内容，读起来是否流畅，是否合乎句法，单词拼写是否有误，单词形式是否正确等，以便发现问题并及时纠正。第 8 页(2018四川达州)用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每词限用一次。A Cloud of Hope and Dan

4、gerIn 2050，a small cloud floats through the air in a hospital operating room(手术室)In the room a patient，suffering from cancer，lies on a table.The cloud surrounds(包围)the patient，_76_her body and filling her lungs(肺)The cloud is not smoke or steam.It is made of millions of 中 考 例 题 精 析cover bad them pat

5、ient danger decision solute but able research第 9 页microscopic robots called nanorobots(纳米机器人)These tiny robots move from cell(细胞) to cell in the _77_body，destroying the cancer cells.Fighting cancer with nanorobots is only an idea today，_78_scientists say that it would be possible in the future.Using

6、 nanorobots for good purposes such as fighting disease or repairing the environment may be the _79_to many of todays problems.However，nanorobots could be a _80_risk as well.Since nanorobots are so tiny，they will have to work in large teams of many thousands to many millions.For this reason，nanorobot

7、s will have to be programmed to build _81_.Scientists will not have the ability to build millions of 第 10 页nanorobots one by one.This_82_to reproduce(复制)is making some scientists worried.What if something goes wrong in the programming? Quite a lot of crazy nanorobots would be far_83_than any disease

8、.Some people think that if they get out of control，nanorobots could destroy the Earth.What should be done? Should we continue_84_nanorobots or should we search for other methods? This is one of the many difficult _85_that we have to make in the future.第 11 页【文章大意】本文主要介绍了纳米机器人的应用设想以及可能会存在的利弊问题。【试题解析】

9、76答案covering解析考查非谓语动词。and连接的成分应当一致，其后是动词ing形式filling，故推测其前的空格处也要用动词ing形式。再结合空格前的句意“那朵云包围着那位病人”及方框中的动词可猜测，本句逗号后面的句意为“覆盖着她的身体并填满了她的肺”。故用动词cover的ing形式。第 12 页77答案patients解析考查名词所有格。由第一段第三至五句可知，纳米机器人包围着那位病人，并进入了那位病人的身体，由此推测此空表示“病人的”，故填patients。78答案but解析考查连词。空格前的句意“如今用纳米机器人抗癌仅仅是一个设想”和空格后的句意“科学家说未来它将成为可能”是转

10、折关系，故选but。第 13 页79答案solution(s)解析考查名词。“Using nanorobots for good purposes such as fighting disease or repairing the environment(为了起到好作用而使用纳米机器人，比如说抵御疾病或者修复环境)”说明了纳米机器人在解决现实问题方面的一些用途，因此可以说纳米机器人是当今很多问题的解决方法。the solution(s) to意为“的解决方法”。第 14 页80答案dangerous解析考查形容词。本段主要介绍的是纳米机器人在实际应用方面可能存在的严重问题，因此本句意为“然而，

11、纳米机器人也可能是一种危险的冒险行为”。本空格修饰后面的名词risk，故填表示“危险”的形容词dangerous。第 15 页81答案themselves解析考查反身代词。由后一句可知，科学家们没有能力来一个一个地复制出这些纳米机器人，因此推测，此处是说纳米机器人需要被编程来进行自我复制。build themselves意为“(它们)自我复制”。第 16 页82答案ability解析考查名词。由“What if something goes wrong in the programming？”和“Some people think that if they get out of control

12、, nanorobots could destroy the Earth”可知，纳米机器人的这种自我复制的能力让一些科学家担忧。结合空格前面的指示代词this和后面的is可知，此处填单数名词ability。第 17 页83答案worse解析考查形容词的比较级。由than any disease以及后一句句意“一些人认为如果它们失控了，纳米机器人可能会毁了地球”可推测，本句是说发疯的纳米机器人可能会比任何疾病都糟糕，故填bad的比较级worse。84答案researching解析考查固定搭配。对比方框中剩下的两个单词decision(决定)、research(研究)可知，research更符合语

13、境。再结合固定搭配continue doing sth.可知，此空填动词的ing形式researching。第 18 页85答案decisions解析考查固定搭配。由句意“这是将来我们不得不做出的许多艰难的_之一”可知，that之前是主句，that引导的是定语从句。结合固定搭配“one of the 复数名词”及make a decision/make decisions可知，此处填复数名词decisions。第 19 页A(2020四川达州)With the COVID19 epidemic hitting China, many of you might want _1_ more abo

14、ut the virus. The disease _2_ by a newlyfound type of coronavirus(冠状病毒). Coronaviruses are a large family of virus. The word “corona” comes from Latin and refers to crowns(王冠). When people first saw a coronavirus under a microscope(显微镜), they found that its spikes(刺2021年迎考特训include look find seven a

15、mong which know animal cause how第 20 页突) made it _3_ like a crown. Thats _4_ the virus family got its name. Some coronaviruses cause disease in humans, others spread illness among animals, _5_ camels(骆驼), cats and bats.We _6_ seven types of coronaviruses that can infect humans so far. Four of them a

16、re common and cause respiratory(呼吸道的) illness such as mild flu. Rarely(很少), _7_ coronaviruses can evolve(进化) and then spread _8_ people, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome(中东呼吸综合征) and severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS). The novel coronavirus, _9_was found in Wuhan, is _10_one.第 21 页1 2.

17、3 4. 5 6. 7 8. among 9 10. tto knowis causedlookincludinganimalwhichhave found amongthe seventh how 第 22 页B(2019四川广安) If you are asked the question “What colour is the sky？” I believe you will answer blue.But I am afraid you are_1_. The sky has no color. When we see blue, we are looking _2_ the blue

18、 sunlight. The sunlight _3_ on the little bits of dust(灰尘) in the air. Is the sky full of _4_？ I am sure that you are asked this question，wrong air too in what away fly at without shine第 23 页_5_. We know that there is air all around the world. We could not live_6_ air. Planes could not _7_ if there

19、is not any air. If we go far enough _8_ from the earth, then we will find there is no air. Perhaps we can answer some of our questions now._9_ is the sky? The sky is space. It is all around the world. There is nothing but the sun, the moon and the stars _10_space.第 24 页12.3 4. 5 6. 7 8. 9 10.wrongat

20、shinesairtoowithoutflyawayWhatin第 25 页C(2016四川达州改编)A long time ago，a man punished his 3yearold daughter for wasting a roll of gold wrapping(包着的) paper.Money was tight and he became very angry when the child tried to decorate(装饰) a box to put_1_the table.children discourage under kiss upset shout loo

21、k beg bring something第 26 页However，the little girl_2_the gift to her father the next morning and said，“This is for you，Daddy.” The father was_3_by his earlier overreaction(过度反应)，but his anger rose again when he found out the box was empty.He_4_at her，“Dont you know，when you give someone a present，th

22、ere should be_5_inside？”The little girl_6_up at him，tears filled in her eyes，and cried，“Oh，Daddy，its not empty at all.I blew_7_into the box.They are all for you，Daddy.”The father was shocked.He put his arms around his little girl，and he_8_for her forgiveness.第 27 页Only a short time later，an accident

23、 took the life of the child.Her father kept that gold box by his bed for many years，and whenever he was_9_，he would take out an imaginary kiss and remember the love of his_10_who had put it there.12.3 4. 5 6. 7 8. 9 10. underbroughtupsetshoutedsomethinglookedkissesbeggeddiscouragedchild第 28 页D(2019四

24、川自贡改编)A man named Bill once visited a museum that was still being built. He saw a sculptor(雕刻家)_1_ a sculpture. As he watched the man work on the sculpture, he noticed that there was a similar sculpture lying nearby.He felt strange and asked the sculptor, “Why are you creating two _2_ sculptures? Do

25、 you need two to put in different _3_？”continue make place careful who same stop before good something第 29 页“No.” the man said without looking up, “We need only one, but the first one became damaged(损害)_4_ I could finish it, so Im working on a new one.”Bill picked up the damaged sculpture and examin

26、ed it _5_. But he couldnt find _6_ wrong with it.“Where is the damage？” he asked.“There is a scratch(划痕) on the sculptures nose，” the sculptor said while _7_ his work.Bill then asked, “Where are you going to place the sculpture？”第 30 页The sculptor replied that it would be placed on a platform which

27、is 20 feet in height. “If the sculpture is up that high, _8_ is going to notice that there is a scratch on the nose？” Bill asked.The sculptor _9_ his work, looking up at the man and said, “I will know it.”The sculptor chose a high standard of excellence in his work. Even if other people didnt notice

28、 it, it mattered to him that his work should be of the _10_ quality(质量). This is an attitude we should work hard to have.第 31 页12.3 4. 5 6. 7 8. 9 10. makingsameplacesbeforecarefullyanythingcontinuingwhostoppedbest第 32 页E(2019江西)How you speak on the telephone is very important! If you use good telep

29、hone _1_， the caller will be happy. If not, they may not want to deal with(打交道) you or your company _2_.First, make sure you answer the call formally(正式地), giving your name and the name of your company. _3_ will let the caller know that you are professional.this explain skill say information than ag

30、ain polite available smile第 33 页You should also remember _4_ as you speak, and use a friendly tone(语调). If you sound bored or too busy, the caller will think you are impolite.Your choice of words can make a big difference, too. For example, if have not heard what a caller _5_， it is much more polite

31、 to say “Im sorry. Could you say this again, please？” _6_ to simply say “What？”第 34 页Similarly, if a caller asks to speak to someone, dont just say “yes” or “no”. If the person is _7_， say that you will put the caller through to them. If they are unavailable, _8_ where they are, and then take a message.In either situat