命好题-2015年部分省中考试题

1、山西省近三年英语命（选）好题简析李凡红什么是命题？命题涉及教学过程的各个环节，不仅指各类测试、考查的命题，还包括课前预习、课堂训练、课后练习以及各种复习练习的命题。命题的作用和功能促进学生学习的手段提高教学质量的保证促进教师专业发展的途径教学评价的重要工具 怎样才能命好题？目前在英语考试改革方面的进展在分离式测试和综合性测试的基础上，大力引进交际性测试评估考试的标准可信性 reliability有效性 validity可行性 practicality区分性 discrimination真实性 authenticity 后效性 backwash/ impactConsider: What to

2、test?1、Which of the following can give you all kinds of telephone numbers? A. 110 B. 119 C. 114 2、Which of the following does paper burn in? A. CO2 B. N2 C. O2如何保证效度：1.内容、难度与应试者水平的一致性。 2.不应要求应试者某一方面的专门知识。 试卷编制的一般流程1、明确考试目的：是什么性质的考试。 2、确定考试范围：考什么，具体考哪部分的知识，考哪些能力。 3、制定双向细目表：确定题型、题量以及编排试题的顺序。 4、确定试题：依据

3、双向细目表精心编制及精选适当的考题。 5、审查修改试题：整份试卷编制完成后，需要认真审查、修改、调整考题。 6、试答试题内容：教师独立地将全卷认真地做一遍，以再次把握试题的难度和题量，同时防止出现科学性错误。一般留给学生的答题时间应该是教师答题时间的 23 倍。 7、制定评分标准：使各试题的分数合理分配。 试题编制的基本知识一、试题构成的要素 不论什么类型的试题，皆由立意、情境、设问和答案与评分参考四个要素构成。（一）立意 立意反映考查目的，是试题的核心或主题。包括知识与能力。对立意的具体要求是：1、立意要正确实现考试目的，体现能力考查的主旨；2、立意要准确，每题的考查目标应独立、完整；3、立

4、意要重点突出，考查目标要有层次和相关性。（二）情境 情境是实现立意的材料和介质。其关系着立意表达的程度。在试题中对情境设置的要求是：1、服从立意，根据立意的要求剪裁、选择有关的知识内容，尽量避免无用信息；2、根据考生的生活经验和理解程度设计情境；3、情境科学、可信；4、情境新颖，有相当的信息量和一定深度。（三）设问 设问是试题的呈现形式。其关系着立意实现的程度。对设问的具体要求是：1、围绕立意、根据情境选编设问；2、设问针对重点内容并涵盖其他内容；3、设问方式新颖、巧妙、灵活；4、设问语言准确、简明、通俗。 （四）答案与评分参考1、选择题答案要唯一，具有排他性；2、答案与评分参考的关系要一致；

5、3、评分参考的要求。 2015年部分省初中毕业学业考试英 语 （试题卷）（一）听力 考查考生对口头语言材料的理解能力以及从口头语言材料中获取信息的能力。听力材料应具有明显的口语特征，听起来自然真实。题材分布广泛，涉及英语国家日常生活的方方面面。听力部分选材的原则：材料的多样性。语言材料中没有任何生词。材料形式与内容的真实性，有明显口语特点。1.听短对话，选图片或答案。 通过听一个轮回的对话，考查学生捕捉细节信息以及信息转换能力、理解和判断能力。 2. 听长对话，选答案。 通过听多个轮回的对话，考查学生对谈话的主题以及对主要信息的获取能力。 3.听短文，选答案。 通过听简短独白，要求学生在理解主

6、旨大意的基础上，捕捉主要信息，并作出合理的判断和推理。 4. 听短文或对话，写信息。 通过听对话或独白，考查学生对听力材料中事实性、具体性信息的获取与处理能力，进而用这些材料中的关键信息填表格。 情景交际你将听到五段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。请每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。每段对话读两遍。1.W: Can I help you, sir?M: Yes, please. Id like a football for my son.2. W: How do you go home every Spring Festival?M: By bus. My hometown is

7、not far from here.3. W: Whos this in the picture, Peter?M: Oh, thats my brother. Hes a doctor in No.3 Hospital.4. W: Which season of the year do you like best, Tim?M: I like spring the best. Everything begins to grow at that time.5. W: What are you doing, Steve?M: Im trying to draw a fish. Our teach

8、er asked us to do it.1. What does the man want to buy?A. B. C. 2. How does the man go to his hometown every year?A. B. C. 3. What is Peters brother?A. B. C. 4. Which is Tims favorite season?A. B. C. 5. What did the teacher ask the students to draw?A. B. C. 6. W: I have bought lunch, so we can eat in

9、 the park. M: Thats great. Itll be more fun. 7. M: Hi, Mary. You look so happy. W: Yeah. Ive won the first prize in the dance show.8. W: Sam, did you drive to the town last Sunday? M: No, I stayed at home and helped my dad clean our yard.9. W: Id like to buy five stamps and three postcards. M: Thatl

10、l be four dollars.10. W: What about going on a picnic? M: In such weather? You must be joking!6. Where are they going to eat their lunch?A. In the park.B. In the restaurant. C. In the office.7. Why does Mary look so happy?A. Because today is her birthday.B. Because shes won the first prize.C. Becaus

11、e shes passed the exam.8. What did Sam do last Sunday?A. Went to the town. B. Visited his dad. C. Cleaned the yard.9. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a library. B. In a post office. C. In a bank.10. What does the man mean?A. He likes going on a picnic in autumn.B. He wont go on

12、 a picnic in bad weather. C. He wants to go on a picnic with the woman.长对话理解 你将听到两段对话，每段对话后有几个小题。请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。每段对话读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第11至15小题。W: Hello?M: Hi, Maggie. This is John. Im calling from Australia.W: Australia?M: Im at a meeting in Sydney. Remember?W: Oh, right. What time is it the

13、re?M: Its 10:00 pm. And its four oclock there in Los Angeles. Right?W: Yes four oclock in the morning.M: 4:00 in the morning? Oh, Im really sorry.W: Thats OK. Im awakenow.11. What does John go to Australia for?A. To have a meeting. B. To see Maggie. C. To take a vacation.12. What time is it in Los A

14、ngeles when they are calling?A. 4:00 am. B. 10:00 am. C. 10:00 pm.听下面一段对话，回答第18至20小题。W: Sir, I think Ive finished the form.M: Good. Let me have a look. Family name, first name, job, birth date, phone number. OK, very good. But you missed the address. W: I dont have an address in Canada yet.M: Then t

15、ell me your reason for this trip.W: To visit my son.M: Fine. Are you staying at your sons home?W: Yes. M: So just put in your sons address.13. What did the woman fail to write in the form?A. Name. B. Phone number. C. Address.14. Who did the woman come to visit?A. Her mother. B. Her teacher. C. Her s

16、on.15. Whats the possible relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and student. B. Officer and passenger. C. Husband and wife.短文理解 你将听到一篇短文，短文后有五个小题。请根据短文内容，在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。短文读两遍。 Three reporters from the same newspaper are now reporting an important meeting. One day, during their

17、lunch break, they walk along a beach and find a very old oil lamp. One of them picks it up and cleans it carefully. Suddenly a magic girl appears in a light smoke. She says, “Now each of you can have one wish.” So the first reporter says, “I want a big house in the mountain. There are beautiful sigh

18、ts around it.” Poof! The man is gone to his home in the mountain. The second one says, “I want to live in a big house in the countryside with a beautiful garden. Then I can sit there and write for the rest of my life.” Poof! Hes gone. Finally the girl asks the last one, “And whats your wish?” “I wan

19、t those two men to be back at once. We have to finish our report tonight.” 21. What are the three men?A. Businessmen.B. Reporters. C. Singers.22. Where do they go at noon?A. Go to the beach.B. Go to the meeting room. C. Go to the mountain.23. What do they find over there?A. A magic stick.B. An old o

20、il lamp. C. An old house.24. What does the first man want?A. A beautiful garden near the sea. B. A big house in the countryside.C. A big house in the mountain.25. What do you think would happen at last?A. Those two persons are back.B. They all enjoy the rest of their lives.C. The third person is gon

21、e to his big house.信息转换 你将听到一篇短文。请根据短文内容，写出下面表格中所缺的单词，每空仅填一词。短文读两遍。 Hello, everyone. Im Gary. This is just a quick note to tell you that well have a basketball competition with a team from St. Pauls High School. The competition will be held in 4 weeks, on July 20th. Therell be ten members in the tea

22、m, and well need to train hard over the next few weeks. I think we should practice at least three times a week to help us prepare for it. Is anyone interested in being part of the team? If you are, and youve got time to take part in the training, please let me know. You can go to the gym to find me,

23、 or you can call the number 6322 9845. Thats all for now.A quick noteSubjectA 16 competition.DateThe competition will be held on 17 20th.Things to doTherell be 18 members in the team. Before the competition, the team should practice at least three times a 19 .Ways to contact(联系方式)You can go to the 2

24、0 to find Gary, or call the number: 6322 9845. （二）单项填空着重考查考生对英语语言知识的记忆、理解、掌握和运用能力。要求考生根据题干所给的语境进行分析、对比，灵活地运用各项英语基础知识。考查的主要语言知识有语法、词汇、习惯用语、交际用语和各种常见表达法等。 单项填空语句的选取与编制原则：所创设的语境清楚，测试任务明确。语言简洁明了（20词以内），内容完整。对填入内容限制性较强，答案唯一。合理推断考生理解失误情况，各干扰项具有一定的干扰作用。为确保句子的语言风格和所表达内容的准确，大部分语句选自英语原版书刊，以保证语言材料的真实性。31. How

25、is Helen in the new school? She is doing very well. There is nothing to worry about. 32. We lost the match because they had more players. They had eleven and we had only nine! 31. How is Helen in the new school? She is doing very well. There is _ to worry about.A. something B. anything C. nothing32.

26、 We lost the match because they had _ players. They had eleven and we had only nine!A. stronger B. younger C. more33. What a nice meal! Its really kind of you to invite us. Not at all. Im glad you liked it.34. Tom isnt feeling very well. He seems to have a cold because the weather changes suddenly.3

27、3. What a nice meal! Its really kind of you to invite us. _. Im glad you liked it. A. Not at all B. Sounds good C. Well done 34. Tom isnt feeling very well. He seems to have a cold _ the weather changes suddenly. A. before B. so C. because35. To protect the environment, supermarkets dont provide fre

28、e plastic bags to shoppers. 36. Welcome to our hotel! I hope youll have a good time during your stay here. 35. To protect the environment, supermarkets dont _ free plastic bags to shoppers.A. take B. show C. provide36. Welcome to our hotel! I hope youll have a good time _ your stay here.A. after B.

29、duringC. with37. Whose pen is this? Oh, its mine. I was looking for it everywhere.38. You are relaxing yourself here? Yes. It feels fantastic to walk slowly along the river. 37. Whose pen is this? Oh, its _. I was looking for it everywhere. A. you B. yoursC. mine38. You are relaxing yourself here? Y

30、es. It feels _ to walk slowly along the river.A. fantastic B. boring C. strange39. May I speak to Mr. Smith? Hold on, please. Ill see if he is in. 40. I wonder if I can use your dictionary for a while. Here you are . 39. May I speak to Mr. Smith? _, please. Ill see if he is in. A. Look out B. Hold o

31、n C. Keep up40. I wonder if I can use your dictionary for a while. _. A. Here you are B. I dont know C. Nothing much41. Lets discuss the plan, shall we? Not now. I am going to an interview. 42. Theres enough time for you to go to the airport. You neednt hurry now. 41. Lets discuss the plan, shall we

32、? Not now. I _ to an interview.A. go B. went C. am going42. Theres enough time for you to go to the airport. You _ hurry now.A. should B. needntC. must43. Could you tell me how he came here ? He drove here himself. 44. We have red and yellow T-shirts. Which color do you like? Im afraid neither . I t

33、hink blue will be OK. 43. Could you tell me _ he came here ? He drove here himself.A. how B. why C. when44. We have red and yellow T-shirts. Which color do you like? Im afraid _. I think blue will be OK. A. both B. either C. neither 45. Smoking is bad for your health. Youre right. I decide to give i

34、t up.46. The man tried several times to start the car, and he succeeded in the end.45. Smoking is bad for your health. Youre right. I decide to _.A. take it downB. find it out C. give it up46. The man tried several times to start the car, and he succeeded _.A. in the past B. in the end C. at first47

35、. Whats your plan for the summer holidays? Ill go to Beijing as soon as the school term ends. 48. Mike hurt his back seriously and can hardly get out of bed without help. 47. Whats your plan for the summer holidays? Ill go to Beijing _ the school term ends. A. in order that B. so that C. as soon as4

36、8. Mike hurt his back seriously and can _ get out of bed without help.A. quickly B. easily C. hardly49. The task will be finished in an hour. Then we can go home and have a good rest. 50. Im going to a party on Thursday night at Jimmys house. You cant be serious! Youll have two tests at school on Fr

37、iday. 49. The task _ in an hour. Then we can go home and have a good rest.A. was finished B. will be finished C. has been finished50. Im going to a party on Thursday night at Jimmys house. _! Youll have two tests at school on Friday.A. Its nice to say so B. Thats excitingC. You cant be serious（三）完形填

38、空在一篇难易适中的短文中留出10个空白，要求考生，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。考查综合运用语言的能力。考查的内容主要为词语辨析、词语搭配、语篇理解和逻辑推理等。要求考生根据上下文线索，对每题的备选项做出合理的分析、判断，从中选出最佳答案，使补足后的文章文意畅达、逻辑严密、结构完整。 完形填空语言材料特点：难度水平略低于阅读理解中的短文情景真实、内容完整，词数150200上下文逻辑关系紧密富含动词、名词、形容词类的词汇（实义词）（二）考点的设置1. 空白之间的间距要适当，不宜在短文首句和末句挖空。2. 所删的词语在文段中确实有上下文线索，使考生能依据这些线索进行推断。3. 不宜把

39、语言知识以外的其他知识作为考查的重点。4. 设计考点时一定要避免某题的答案出现在文章的其他地方。5. 试题所涉及的各类考点应均衡分布。6. 选择考点应侧重从语言的意义考虑，而不能一味地考查语法形式或句子结构。（三）选项的设置1. 答案应没有争议性。2. 正确选项与干扰项词性/外形要相同。3. 干扰项本身就形式而言也能填入所设的空中。4. 干扰项对正确答案要有干扰作用。完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。 A Mr. and Mrs. Green were very worried about their son,

40、Leo. He seemed to be dumb (哑的) though he was normal in every other way. Mr. and Mrs. Green tried everything to get him to speak, but with no success. When Leo was six years old, the best doctors in the town examined him carefully, but could find nothing wrong. And he seemed to be smart. It was just

41、that he never spoke. “There might be something wrong with his mind, and he doesnt know hes able to speak,” one doctor said. “But he can read and write,” said Mr. Green. “Weve written him notes, telling him that he can speak.” “Its certainly very strange,” another doctor said. “Perhaps hell be able t

42、o speak some day.”Years passed. Leo went to university. But he did not speak a single word. Then one day, Leo was having a meal with his parents. Without any warning, he looked up from his meal and said, “Pass me the salt, please.” Mr. and Mrs. Green were excited. “You spoke! You spoke!” they cried,

43、 “Why have you waited so long to speak?” “I didnt have anything to say,” he said. “Until now everything was perfect. But you forgot to put salt in these potatoes.” Mr. and Mrs. Green were very worried about their son, Leo. He seemed to be dumb (哑的) 51 he was normal in every other way. Mr. and Mrs. G

44、reen tried everything to get him to 52 , but with no success. When Leo was six years old, the best doctors in the town 53 him carefully, but could find nothing wrong. And he seemed to be smart. It was just that he 54 spoke. “There might be something wrong with his 55 , and he doesnt know hes able to

45、 speak,” one doctor said. “But he can read and write,” said Mr. Green. “Weve written him notes, telling him that he can speak.” “Its certainly very 56 ,” another doctor said. “Perhaps hell be able to speak some day.” 57 passed. Leo went to university. But he did not speak a 58 word. Then one day, Le

46、o was having a meal with his parents. Without any warning, he looked up from his 59 and said, “Pass me the salt, please.” Mr. and Mrs. Green were excited. “You spoke! You spoke!” they cried, “Why have you 60 so long to speak?” “I didnt have anything to say,” he said. “Until now everything was perfec

47、t. But you forgot to put salt in these potatoes.”51. A. because B. when C. although52. A. speak B. walk C. play53. A. taught B. found C. examined 54. A. never B. often C. usually55. A. back B. hair C. mind56. A. unfairB. strange C. noisy57. A. HoursB. Weeks C. Years58. A. goodB. right C. single59. A

48、. chairB. meal C. hands60. A. sleptB. walked C. waited B It is often said that eyes can speak. Do you have such kind of experience ? In a bus you may look at a stranger, but not too long. If he notices that he is being looked at, he may feel uncomfortable. It is the same in daily life. When you are

49、looked at several more times, you will look yourself up and down in order to see if there is anything wrong with you. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel angry with the person who is looking at you. Eyes can speak, right?Looking too long at someone may seem to be impolite. But sometimes things are

50、different. If you wish to draw someones attention, you may look at him or her for more than ten seconds. For lovers, they enjoy looking at each other longer to show the love that words cannot express. Clearly, eye communication should be done according to the relationship between the two people and

51、the certain situation. It is often said that eyes can speak. Do you have such kind of 61 ? In a bus you may look at a stranger, but not too 62 . If he notices that he is being looked at, he may 63 uncomfortable. It is the same in daily life. When you are looked at several more times, you will look 6

52、4 up and down in order to 65 if there is anything wrong with you. If 66 goes wrong, you will feel angry with the person who is looking at you. 67 can speak, right?Looking too long at someone may seem to be impolite. But sometimes things are 68 . If you wish to draw someones 69 , you may look at him

53、or her for more than ten seconds. For lovers, they enjoy looking at each other longer to show the love that words cannot 70 . Clearly, eye communication should be done according to the relationship between the two people and the certain situation. 61. A. future B. fear C. experience D.exercise 62. A

54、. late B. long C. low D. loud63. A. feel B. smell C. sound D. taste64. A. itself B. himself C. myself D. yourself65. A. see B. guess C. hear D. expect66. A. something B. nothing C. everythingD. anything67. A. Ears B. Eyes C. Mouth D. Nose68. A. different B. difficult C. tiring D. boring69. A. direct

55、ionB. lessonC. attention D. trouble70. A. writeB. printC. read D. express（四）补全对话 考查学生用英语进行口头表达的能力，特别是在真实语境中沟通信息、描述事物与表达情感、发表观点和意见的能力。在一段对话中留出若干空白，要求考生从所给的选项中选出恰当的句子，使补全后的对话完整、通顺、意义正确。它要求考生在整体把握对话的基础上，去分析、判断与综合，初步考查学生口语运用的能力。 Ann: Thank you for the birthday gift, Dad. Its the best gift I have ever ha

56、d. Dad: Im glad you like it. Ann: Ive always wanted a computer. I need it to do my homework. Dad: And you need it to chat (聊天) with your friends, too.Ann: I guess you are right. Could you show me how to send an email? Dad: Send an email? Er, just do like this. Have you got it? Ann: Yes, Dad. I think

57、 its easy.Dad: Just dont spend too much time on it. Ann: I wont, I promise.Ann: Thank you for the birthday gift, Dad. Its the best gift I have ever had. Dad: 71 Ann: Ive always wanted a computer. 72 Dad: And you need it to chat (聊天) with your friends, too.Ann: I guess you are right. 73 Dad: Send an

58、email? Er, just do like this. 74 Ann: Yes, Dad. I think its easy.Dad: 75 Ann: I wont, I promise.A. Have you got it?B. Do you need help?C. Im glad you like it.D. What can I do next?E. I need it to do my homework.F. Just dont spend too much time on it.G. Could you show me how to send an email? （五）阅读理解

59、着重考查考生对各种题材和体裁的书面材料的理解能力,以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力。要求考生能够读懂较熟悉的日常生活话题方面的文字材料，例如海报、说明、广告，以及书刊杂志中的短文材料。阅读理解的考查内容主要体现在如下几方面：1.理解主旨和要义；2.理解文中具体信息；3.根据上下文推断生词的词义；4.作出简单判断和推理；5.理解作者的意图、观点和态度;6.理解文章的基本结构。阅读理解选材及材料处理的原则：文章结构应完整，内容需丰富（记叙文-情节清楚，内容充实；议论文-论点明确，论据丰富；说明文-事实明确，条理清楚，逻辑性强；应用文针对性强，写作目的明确）文章难度符合考生的语言水平尽量保留所选材料形

60、式、语言与基本事实的真实性阅读理解试题的命制技术1考查的内容要均衡，对各种阅读能力的测试要全面。2 阅读理解考查的重点是学生获取和处理信息的能力。3要注意试题的科学性和答案的唯一性。4要注意题目和阅读材料的关联性。5阅读材料难度、长度要适当。6应尽可能避免带有否定的题干。7阅读理解试题的选项应保持一致性。 1考查主旨要义：What is the text mainly about?The main idea of the text is_.Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?What would be the best