2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习知识排查突破book1unit5nelsonmandela-amodernhero新人教版

1、2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习知识排查突破bookl un it5 n els onman dela-a moder n hero 新人教版重点识记词汇.quality n.质量；品质；性质2.meanadj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3. principle n.法则；原则；原理 4.out of work失业5. attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击 6.as a matter of fact事实上7. turn to 求助于；致力于 8.lose heart丧失勇气或信心9. escape vi.& vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开 10e to power 当权；上 台11. set up

2、 设立；建立 12.opinion n.意见；看法；主张13. preside nt n.总统；会长；校长；行长14.vote vt.& vi.投票；选举n .投票；选票；表决in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中guidanee n .指导；领导宀 guide v .指导beg vi. 请求；乞求宀 beggar n .乞丐sentence vt. 判决；旦判be sentenced to 被判处 （徒刑）self n.自我；自身t selfish adj.自私的selfless adj. 无私的；忘我的cruelty n.残忍；残酷t cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的t

3、 cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地 generous adj.慷慨的；大方的t generously adv. 慷慨地； 大方地t generosity n .慷慨；大方 hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的thopeless adj. 没有希望的 peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的t peace n .和平； 平静；和睦equal adj. 相等的；平等的t equally adv. 平等地；同等地t equality n.平等；同等 willing adj.乐意的；自愿的t unwilling adj.不愿意的twill n .意志；遗嘱educate vt.

4、教育；训练t educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的t education n.教育 legal adj.法律的；依照法律的t illegal adj.（反义词）非法的；违法的 devote vt.（与to 连用）献身；专心于t devoted adj. 忠实 的；深爱的t devotion n .奉献 unfair adj.不公正的；不公平的t fair adj.（反义词）公正的；公平的 active adj.积极的；活跃的t activity n .活动 violenee n.暴力；暴行t violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的reward n .报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏t

5、rewarding adj. 值得的；有益的；有回报的terror n.恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动t terrifiedadj.感到恐惧的；受惊吓的 relative n.亲戚；亲属t relation n .关系；血缘关系；亲属t relati on ship n.关系必背经典句式The last thirty years have see n the greatest nu mber oflaws stopping our rights and progress , until today we have reached a stage where we have almost n

6、o rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进 步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。.only then did we decide to answer violenee with viole nee.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have bee n asleep.他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。I felt bad the first time 1 talked

7、 to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。The reason why I got a iob was because of my hard work.我能找到工作的原因是我工作努力。They were not cleverer than me but they did pass their exams.他们不如我聪明但又确实通过了考试。构词记忆il/im/in/ir-illegal /I li ?g?l/adj.不合法的；非法的；犯法的impatient /Im pel ?it/ adj.不耐烦的；焦躁的in ability /?n ? bll ?tl/ n . U无能

8、；无力；不能irrelevant /I rel ?v?nt/ adj.无关紧要的；不相关的应试指导过去分词作定语、状语的考查devote.to. 把致力于专心于devoted adj.忠实的be devoted to致力于，献身于；热爱devotio n n.奉献；关照You will n ever gain success uni ess you are fully devoted to your work.除非你全心全意地去工作，否则你将永远不会获得成功。（湖南，26）Ala nna has always show n intense devoti on to her childre n.

9、阿兰娜一直非常钟爱她的孩子们。夯实基础（1）用devote的适当形式填空He is highly thought of because of his devotio n to duty.His life is one devoted to the people.（2）He devoted himself to munity activities and was praised by the people around.Devoting himself to munity activities, he was praised by the people around.（ 用现在分词短语作原因状语

10、改写句子）Devoted to munity activities, he was praised by the people around.（用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子）2 position n. 姿势；位置，方位；职位；地位；观点；态度； v.安置；安装应试指导作先行词时定语从句关系词的考查in one s position处于某人的位置状况in positi on 在适当的位置out of positio n不在适当的位置take the positi on that.认为One can find his positi on in life in his own way.（浙江阅读

11、D）一个人可以用自己的方式找到在生活中的位置。Leave the ban dage in positi on un til the doctor tells you to remove it.让绷带保持原样，直到医生叫你拆掉为止。特别提醒当position 后跟定语从句且 position 在从句中作状语时，引导词应用where。夯实基础语法填空lf you were in myposition，what would you do then?Sales director is a positi on where munication ability is just as importa nt

12、as sales skills.3 allow v. 允许；准许应试指导后跟非谓语动词的考查allow doi ng sth.允许做某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事allow sb.sth.允许某人某事allow for 考虑到We don t allow smok ing in our home.在我们家里不允许吸烟。He was allowed to leave the coun try.他获准离开该国。夯实基础语法填空The twins ，who had finishedtheir homework， were allowed to play(play) badm

13、intonon the playgro und.We don t allow eating(eat) in the classroom.She has a gift for creat ing an atmosphere for her stude nts which allows them tomun icate(m uni cate) freely with each other.4equal adj.相同的，相等的 the same in.；平等的；相当的；能胜任的 fit ； capable;n.同等的人；相等物；v.与相等，等于 be the same in.;比得上；抵得过be a

14、s good as.应试指导equally写作关联词be equal in 在方面比得上be equal to sth./do ing sth.等于； 与相等； 胜任on equal terms在对等的条件下，without equal/have no equal无与伦比He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。I want to encourage her to do well，but equally I don t want to make her feelpressurized.我想鼓励她好好干，但同时我也不想让她有太大压力。夯实基础语法填空He

15、is equal to Tom in ability.His wife was doing work of equal importa nee.The two coun tries had a con versati on on equal .terms.他能胜任这项工作。(一句多译)He is equal to the job.(equal)He is up to the job.(up)He is fit for the job.(fit)He is qualified to do/for doing the job.(qualified)opinion n. 意见；见解；信念；看法；主张

16、in one s opinion = in the opinion of sb.在某人看来have a good/bad/high/low opinion of sb./sth.对评价好 /不好/高/低In my opinion , people need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying.依我看，人们应该学会接受现实并不断努力。(北京开放作文)特别提醒英语中表达意见” 通常用 express/give/offeron e s op inion ,而不说 make one sopin io n。 英语习惯上用 what询问某人的

17、意见或看法，而不用 how。 英语中常用accordi ng to sb. 或in one s opin io n来表示根据某人的意见”。夯实基础在他看来，这是一本好书。(一句多译)ln his opinion , this is a good book.(opinion)According to him , this is a good book.(according)As far as he is concerned , this is a good book.(concerned)ln his judgment, this is a good book.(judgment)ln his

18、(point of) view, this is a good book.(view)turn to 转身；求助于；致力于应试指导turn短语语境词义辨析turn to sb.for help向某人求助turn out结果是；证明是；为看热闹蜂拥而至take turns to do./i n doin g.轮流做in turn 依次；轮流；逐个；相应地by turns轮流地；依次表现出不同的情感或特质However, whe n it is someth ing bey ond my pete nee , I turn to my classmates or teachers for help

19、.但是当事情超出我的能力时，我向同学或老师求助。(安徽书面表达)夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空in turn , turn to , turn out , turn down , by turnsThe weather was mild and rai ny by turn s throughout the week. You look upset.What s the matter?I had my proposal tur ned dow n aga in.Thousands of people turn to watch yesterday s match against Ireland.

20、We are at your service.Don t hesitate to turn to us if you have any further problems.He asked each of us in turn to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.lose heart 灰心； 泄气； 丧失信心lose con fide nee lose one s heart to sb. 爱上某人lose one s temper 发脾气 lose one s patienee失去耐心lose one s way 迷路, my pare

21、 nts always en courageWhen I can t get good grades and I am in low spirits2me n ever to lose heart.当我没有取得好成绩情绪低落时，父母总是鼓励我不要丧失信心。(广东读写任务)夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空lose heart ，lose one s temper，lose one s heart to ，lose one s patienee1 found I ve lost my heart to you.My gra ndfather became fierce whe n he lost hi

22、s temper.We ve ke pt waiting for almost an hour； I lost my patienee.When you fail，you should never lose heart.务角度*夯基础年7月，他成为第一个句法与语法突破He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969.1969登上月球的人。句型公式：不定式作定语动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，即后置定语。当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及 the only ，the very 修饰时，常用不定式作定语。to e

23、将来的；to spare 剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，有时可转换为介词短语。He is the only one to survive the accide nt.他是这次事故中唯一的幸存者。I caught the train with only a few sec onds to spare.我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了火车。夯实基础语法填空The capta in is the last to leave(leave) the ship.Would you like somethi ng to drin k(dri nk)?Volunteeri

24、ng gives you a chanee to change(change) lives， including your own.There are still many problems to be solved(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.直到那时，我们才. only the n did we decide to an swer viole nee with viole nee.决定用暴力反抗暴力。句型公式：on ly.“only +副词、介词短语、从句”放在句首时，句子用部分倒装形式。Only by sa

25、y ing polite words can you get on well with others.只有说话礼貌你才能和其他人相处得好。(江西书面表达)特别提醒o nly +从句放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。o nly 修饰主语时不倒装。夯实基础单句改错On ly whe n had he studied the data aga in he realized that there was a mistake. On ly whe n he had studied the data aga in did he realize that there was a mistake.0nly

26、 can man speak.Only man can speak.3错误！句型公式：.the first time.the first time作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：the moment , the minute , thesecond , the instant , the day, the week, the month, the year , each/every/next/any/last time , immediately , instantly, directly 等。He paid back the money he owed us immediately h

27、e retur ned home.他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。Every time I see the old man in the park, he is absorbed in reading papers.每次在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报。特别提醒for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。夯实基础I fell in love with you the mome nt I saw you.1 fell in love with you as soon as I saw you.( 用 as soon as 改写句子)I fe

28、ll in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I saw you.( 用以-ly 结 尾的连词改写句子）单元语法用定语从句的引导词完成句子(1)What is the name of the town where we stayed last night?Please leave the book where it was.This is the reas on why/for which he cried.July , when/in which we can go home for a rest, is ing soon.1 shal

29、l n ever forget the days whe n I lived in the country with my pare nts.五年高考最新模拟高考题组I .短文改错（xx 陕西）My father took me out camp ing for the first time whe n I was seve n.He wan ted teachme about ani mals ， in sects and trees.My un cles all e along with bows and arrowsforhun ti ng.One eve ning at sun set

30、 ，we sat by the fire ， have our barbecue.Just the n a bird wasflying over us.My unclesimmediate jumped up and shot their arrows on thebird.Neither of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrows was flying down atus from the sky they were looked like rain one was injured.That day I didn t learn muc

31、h about animals impressive less on about gravity!答案My father took me out camping for the first！ We ran to escape but fortunately noin sects or trees， but I lear nt aAtime whe n I was seve n.He wan ted 怕 teachme about an imals , in sects and trees.My un cles allcomealong with bows and arrows camefor

32、hun ti ng.haveOne evening at sunset , we sat by the fke ,而g our barbecue.Just then a bird wasflyingimmediateover us.My unclesjumped up and shot theirimmediatelyon arrows theatNeither_bird.None of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrowswasflying dow n at wereus from the sky they werelooked 或 we

33、re lookedlike rain! We ran to escapefortunately no one wasinjured.aThat day I did n t lear n much about ani mals , in sects or trees , but I lear nt animpressive less on about gravity!n.写作常用句翻译1在我看来，溺爱和过多的关心对孩子的发展尤其有害。（in one s opinion）（xx福建书面表达）In my opinion ，overprotect ion and too much care are e

34、xtremely bad for childre n sdevelopme nt. 我们没有赢得比赛，但我们没有灰心。（lose heart）（xx 湖南书面表达 ）We didn t win the match , but we didn t lose heart. 只有这样，我们才能生活在一个舒适美丽的环境中。（on ly.）（xx 福建书面表达）Only in this way can we live in more fortable and beautiful surroundings. 我真的对这个职位感兴趣，希望能为你工作。（positi on ）（xx辽宁书面表达）I m rea

35、lly interested in this position and hope I can work for you.5原因是来自父母的压力几乎让他们没有时间从事其他的活动。（allow）（xx 陕西书面表达）The reason is often that the pressure from their parents allows them almost no timefor other activities.然后我向老师求助，他建议我和其他同学合作。（turn to）（xx 湖北短文写作 ）Then I turned to my teacher and he advised me to

36、 cooperate with others.7而且，她经常把业余时间用来帮助他人。（devote）（xx 浙江书面表达）Besides , she often devotes her spare time to helping others.模拟题组I .语法填空 Your sister nearly devoted all her spare time to her study during the threeyears.That s right , or she wouldn t have taken （not , take） the first place in her schooli

37、n the College Entrance Exam in ati on. Please return your seat backto an upright position , which will do good to yourhealth.He wasn t allowed to stay（stay） up late.I don t think he is equal to doing（do） this kind of work, so I can t hire him. When ever we are in trouble, we should n ever lose heart.The government has set up a mittee to look into this accident.Fo the first time in her life Jennie realized that so many people were lovingher in the world. Only by keeping down costs will PowerData hold its advantages over other panies.Have you se