加拿大奶牛肉牛泌尿系统疾病

1、泌尿系统疾病Diseases of the Urinary SystemPrepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr Ren Xiaoling普通病Common Diseases肾和输尿管Kidneys and ureters传染性肾盂肾炎肾棒状杆菌Contagious pyelonephritis Corynebacterium renale栓塞性肾炎继发为败血症Embolic nephritis secondary to septicemia淀粉样变性不常见Amyloidosis uncommon膀胱和输尿管Bladder and Urethra

2、膀胱炎散在发生，可能与棒状杆菌有关Cystitis sporadic & may be associated with pyelonephritis尿结石病青年公牛Urolithiasis steers开放性脐尿管新生牛犊Patent Urachus - neonatal calves 脐感染新生牛犊Navel infection neonatal calvesEnzootic hematuria bracken fern poisoning地方性血尿羊齿厥中毒其他引起尿样分析变化的疾病Other diseases causing changes in urine analysis钩端螺旋体病

3、Leptospirosis溶血梭状芽胞杆菌（红水？）Clostridium hemolyticum (Red water)产后血红蛋白尿P缺乏Post parturient hemoglobinuria P deficiency慢性铜中毒Chronic copper toxicity巴贝虫病Babesiosis无浆体病Anaplasmosis 微粒孢子虫病Chronic parasitism 慢性寄生虫感染. 病因/发病机理 Cause & Pathogenesis泌尿系统的疾病以尿液成分的变化为特征Diseases of the urinary system are characterize

4、d by changes in the components of urine泌尿系统在维持体液和电解质的体内中平衡以及身体有毒物和废物的排出方面有重要的作用The urinary system is important in maintaining the fluid & electrolyte homeostasis of the body and ridding the body of toxic and waste substances危险因素Risk Factors先天性畸形Congenital abnormalities系统性疾病Systemic diseases大肠杆菌败血症Co

5、liform septicemia 有毒物质的摄入Ingestion of toxic substances脱水Dehydration水缺乏Water deprivation临床症状Clinical FindingsClinical signs might include:食欲下降Loss of appetite体重减轻Weight loss口渴感增加Increased thirst尿频Frequent urination尿痛Straining to urinate急腹痛Colic 四胃膨胀Abdominal distention呼吸有恶臭味Foul breathe尿成分有变化Changes

6、to the constituents of the urine脱水Dehydration 毒血症/尿毒症Toxemia/uremia直肠触诊，肾、输尿管和/或膀胱有变化Changes to the kidneys, ureters and/or bladder on rectal palpation腹泻Diarrhea 水肿Edema诊断Diagnosis依据全身检查A diagnosis is based on a complete examination of the animal详细的病史和对动物饲养环境的检查很重要A good history and examination of t

7、he environment of the animal is important依据以上信息，列出可能有的、须鉴别的疾病From this information, a list of differential diagnosis can be formed确诊要求有临床诊断和实验室的诊断An involved diagnostic/laboratory work-up may be required to arrive at a definitive diagnosis实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology尿量Amount of urine尿的眼观Gross a

8、ppearance of urine特殊的比重正常为1.028-1.032Specific gravity normal 1.028-1.032 蛋白尿Proteinuria血尿Hematuria血红蛋白尿Hemoglobinuria脓尿Pyuria用尿做培养（插入导管取样）Culture of urine (catheterized sample)治疗Treatment假设性诊断后制定治疗措施Treatment should only be instituted after a tentative diagnosis has been reached治疗措施应集中注意原发性疾病Treatme

9、nt should be focused on the primary disease治疗措施常被用来减轻疾病症状Treatment can also be used to relieve the adverse symptoms of a disease对于某些疾病，可能没有可用于治疗的措施With some diseases, no treatment is available for the primary disease治疗的基础是补充液体和电解质Treatment is based on fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy抗菌剂常用来治疗尿道感染Antimicrobials are used to treat some urinary i