《管理学》专业词汇中英文对照（修订）doc-ABC

1、. PAGE 12：.； PAGE 11第 二 部 分专业词汇中英文对照AAbsenteeism缺勤，旷工Acceptance of authority权威的认可Accommodation顺应对待冲突的战略Achievement-oriented leader成就导向型指点者Acid test ratios速动比率Acquisition并购，收买Active listening积极倾听Activities活动Adjective rating scales描画性评分表Affective component of an attitude态度的情感成分Affirmative action progr

2、ams确认行动方案，积极行动方案Age Discrimination in Employment Act反就业年龄歧视法案Agreeableness随和Agriculture wave农业化阶段，农业时代Americans with Disabilities Act美国人对待残疾法案Analytic decision-making style分析型决策制定风格Answering questions回答以下问题Anthropology人类学Assaults袭击，攻击Assertiveness独断，一定，强迫取向划分处理冲突风格的维度Assumed similarity假定类似性Attention

3、al processes留意过程Attitudes态度Attribution theory归因实际Authority职权，权威Autocratic style of leadership民主式指点，独裁式指点Autonomy自主，自主权Availability heuristic只利用现有信息决策的取巧途径，以易代难倾向Avoidance逃避，躲避BBaby boomers婴儿潮Bargaining strategies争价战略，谈判战略Barriers to communication沟通妨碍Basic corrective action彻底纠错行动Behavioral component

4、of an attitude态度的行为成分Behavioral science theorists行为科学实际家Behavioral style of decision making行为型决策制定风格Behavioral theories of leadership行为指点实际Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS)行为定位评分法Behavior-related symptoms行为表征Benchmarking标杆瞄准，基准化Big five model五要素模型，大五模型Board representatives员工代表Body language身

5、体言语“Boiled frog phenomenon“煮青蛙景象Borderless organizations无边境组织内部Boundaryless organization无界组织Bounded rationality有限理性Brainstorming头脑风暴法Break-even analysis盈亏平衡分析Broad-banding基于员工才干付酬的一种方式Bureaucracy官僚行政组织Bureaucratic control行政控制Business evaluation method企业评价方法C“Calm waters metaphor“风平浪静观Career职业生涯Centr

6、alization集权，集中Certainty确定性Chain of command指挥链Change agent变革推进者Change变革，改革，变化Changing economy变化的经济Channel渠道，媒介Charismatic leadership theory魅力型指点实际Civil Rights Act民权法案Clan control文化控制Classical approach经典观念，经典学派Closed system封锁系统Coach教练Code of ethics品德规范Coercive power强迫权益，强迫权Cognitive component of an at

7、titude态度的认知成分Cognitive dissonance认知失调Collaboration协作对待冲突的战略Combination strategy组合战略Communication differences沟通差别Communication process沟经过程Communications沟通Compensation薪酬Compensation administration薪酬管理Competence技艺，专长，才干，胜任特征Competency-based compensation基于才干的报酬Competitive advantage竞争优势Competitive intell

8、igence竞争情报Competitive strategy竞争战略Conceptual skills概念技艺，笼统才干Conceptual style of decision making概念型决策制定风格Concurrent control并行控制，同期控制Conflict management冲突管理Conflict managers冲突管理者Conflict冲突Conscientiousness耿直，尽责Consideration关怀，关怀Consistency一向性Consultants顾问，咨询者Contingency approach权变观念，权变学派Contingency th

9、eories of leadership权变指点实际Contingency variable权变变量Contingent workforce应急工，暂时工Continuous improvement继续改良，不断改良Contract workers合同工Control控制Controlling控制职能Cooperativeness协作取向划分处理冲突风格的维度Core competency中心才干，中心专长Core employees中心员工Cost-leadership strategy本钱领先战略Creative-thinking skills发明思想才干Creativity发明力Crit

10、ical incidents关键事件法Critical path scheduling analysis关键途径方案分析法Critical path关键途径Crossword comprehension填字游戏，纵横字谜了解Current ratio流动比率Customer departmentalization按顾客划分部门Customer service顾客效力Customer-responsive culture顾客呼应文化DData Protection Act数据维护法案Debt to assets ratio资产负债率Decentralization分权，分散Decision cr

11、iteria决策准那么Decision implementation决策实施Decision making决策制定Decision-making process决策制定过程Decision-making styles决策风格Decision trees决策树Decisional entrepreneur决策方面的创业家角色Decoding解码Delegation授权Democratic style of leadership民主式指点Democratic-consultative leader民主咨询式指点者Democratic-participative leader民主参与式指点者Depa

12、rtmentalization划分部门，部门化Design设计Deterrence-based trust基于威慑的信任Devils advocate吹毛求疵者Differentiation strategy差别化战略Direct supervision直接监视Directional plans指点性方案Directive leader指示型指点者Directive style of decision-making指示型决策制定风格Discipline纪律Disseminator传播者Distinctiveness独特性Distributive bargaining分配型讨价讨价，零和分配争价

13、Disturbance handler缺点排除者Division of labor劳动分工Downsizing减少规模Dysfunctional conflict功能失调的冲突，不利的冲突Ee-business电子企业，虚拟企业e-commerce电子商务Economic order quantity (EOQ)经济定货批量Economics经济学Effectiveness效果Efficiency效率Elderly年长者，老年人Electronic meeting电子会议电子邮件E-manufacturing电子制造Emotional intelligence (EI)情商Emotional

14、stability心情稳定Emotions心情Employee assessment员工评价Employee assistance programs (EAPs)员工协助 方案Employee benefits员工福利Employee counseling员工咨询Employee oriented员工导向的Employee theft员工偷窃Employee training员工培训Employment planning招聘方案，雇佣方案Empowerment skills赋权技巧Empowerment赋权Encoding编码English-only rules仅运用英语进展交流Entrepr

15、eneurs企业家，创业家Entrepreneurship创业Environmental scanning环境扫描e-organization虚拟组织Equal Pay Act平等工资法案Equity theory公平实际Escalation of commitment过度承诺Esteem needs尊重需求Ethics品德Events事件Expectancy theory期望实际Expert power专家权益，专长权Expert systems专家系统Expertise专业知识，专门技术Extinction消除Extranets企业外网，广域网Extroversion外向FFair lab

16、or standards Act公平劳动规范法案Family and Medical Leave Act家庭和医疗假期法案Federal Electronic Communications Privacy Act联邦电子通讯隐私法案Feedback反响Feedback control反响控制Feedforward control前馈控制Fiedler contingency leadership model菲德勒权变指点模型Figurehead挂名首脑Filtering信息过滤First-line managers基层管理者，一线管理者Fixed-point reordering system

17、定点定货系统Flexibility灵敏性Flextime弹性任务时间Focus strategy集中化战略Forcing强迫对待冲突的战略Formal planning正式方案Free-market democracies自在市场经济Functional conflict有利的冲突Fundamental attribution error根本归因错误Future orientation未来导向GGantt Chart甘特图Gender differences性别差别General administrative theorists普通行政管理实际家Geographic departmentali

18、zation按地域划分部门Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness (GLOBE)全球指点与组织行为效果Global village地球村Globalization全球化Goal-setting theory目的设定实际Gossip流言Grand strategies总体战略Grapevine小道音讯Great Depression大萧条Group群体，小组Group behavior群体行为Group cohesiveness群体内聚力，群体凝聚力Group decision making群体决策Group-o

19、rder ranking分组排序法Groupthink趋同思想Growth strategy增长战略HHalo effect晕轮效应Harvesting收回投资Heuristics取巧途径，倾向Hierarchy of needs theory需求求层次实际Homicide行凶，杀人Honest老实Hostile environment敌对的环境Human relations view of conflict冲突的人际观Human resource inventory report人力资源贮藏报告Human resource management(HRM)人力资源管理Humane orient

20、ation人本导向Hygiene factors保健要素IIdentification-based trust基于认同的信任Ill-structured problems非构造化问题Immediate corrective action立刻纠错行动Immigration Reform and Control Act移民改革和控制法案Individual ranking个人排序法Individualism vs. collectivism个人主义与集体主义Industrial engineering工业工程Industrial Revolution产业革命，工业革命Industrializati

21、on wave工业化阶段，工业时代Informal planning非正式方案Information handling信息处置Information overload信息超载Information technologists信息技术专家Information technology (IT)信息技术Information wave信息化阶段，信息时代Informational monitor信息方面的监控者角色In-group collectivism圈内集体主义，圈内协作Initiating structure定规构造Innovation创新Integrative bargaining整合型讨

22、价讨价，共赢争价Integrity耿直Intellectual property智力资源Interactionist view of conflict冲突的互动观Intergroup development团际开展，组际开展Internet因特网Interpersonal demands人际需求Interpersonal skills人际技艺Interview面试，访谈Intranets企业内网，局域网Intrapreneurs内企业家，内部创业者Intrinsic task motivation内在任务动机Inventory turnover ratios库存周转率ISO 9000 seri

23、esISO 9000 系列JJargon技术用语，行话Job analysis职务分析，任务分析Job characteristics model (JCM)职务特征模型，任务特征模型Job description职务描画，任务描画Job enrichment职务丰富化，任务丰富化Job involvement任务投入Job satisfaction任务称心度Job sharing职务分担，任务分担分享Job specification职务阐明，任务阐明Just-in-time (JIT) inventory systems准时制库存系统KKaizen改善Kanban看板Karoshi劳累过度

24、而猝死Knowledge-based trust基于了解的信任Knowledge management知识管理Knowledge workers知识工人LLabor relations劳工关系Labor supply劳动力供应Laissez-faire style of leadership放任式指点Language言语Layoffs裁员Layoff-survivor sickness裁员幸存者心态综合症Leader-participation model指点者参与模型Leaders指点者Leadership指点Leading指点职能Learning学习Learning organizatio

25、ns学习型组织Least-preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire最难共事者问卷Legitimate power法定权益，法定权Leverage ratios财务杠杆比率Leverage test杠杆才干测试Liaison联络者Line authority直线职权Linear programming线性规划Liquidity流动Liquidity test流动性测试Load chart负荷图Locus of control控制中心，控制点Long-term plans长期方案Long-term vs. short-term orientation长期短期倾

26、向Loyalty忠心，忠实MMachiavellianism (“Mach)马基雅维里主义Management管理Management by objectives (MBO)目的管理Management by walking around (MBWA)走动管理Management charter initiative (MCI)管理宪章运动英国研讨管理才干的组织Management competencies管理才干Management processes管理过程，管理职能Management science管文科学Management workshop管理研讨与实际Managerial gri

27、d管理方格Managerial roles管理者角色Managers管理者，经理Mandatory Retirement Act强迫退休法案Manufacturing organization消费企业，制造企业Market control市场控制Mass production大量消费Matrix structure矩阵制组织构造Measurement度量，衡量Mechanistic organization机械式组织Merger兼并Message音讯，信息Middle managers中层管理者Minimum-wage employees最低工资员工Mission statement使命陈说M

28、otivation动机，鼓励Motivation-hygiene theory鼓励保健实际，双要素实际Motivators鼓励要素Motor reproduction process机械再现过程，动力复制过程Multinational corporations (MNCs)多国公司Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)迈耶布里格斯类型目的NNational culture民族文化National Labor Relations Act全国劳工关系法案Need需求Need for achievement成就需求Need for affiliation归属需求Need

29、 for power权益需求Negative reinforcement负强化Negotiation谈判Negotiator谈判者Networked communication capabilities网络沟通才干Networked computer systems计算机网络系统Neural network神经网络Neutralizers中和New Deal新政Nominal group technique名义群体决策技术Nonprogrammed decisions非程序化决策Nonverbal cues非言语暗示Norms规范Not-for-profit organizations非赢利性

30、组织OOn-the-job training在职培训Open systems开放系统Opening comments开场白Openness开放Operant conditioning操作性条件反射，操作制约Operating ratios运营比率Operations management作业管理Operations research (OR)运筹学Operations Research Society of America美国运筹学会Operations test运营才干测试Operatives操作者，作业人员Opportunities (Strategic)时机战略的Oral reports

31、口头报告Organic organization有机式组织Organization culture组织文化Organization design组织设计Organization development (OD)组织开展Organization structure组织构造Organizational behavior (OB)组织行为Organizational change组织变革Organizational citizenship组织公民Organizational commitment组织承诺Organizational leadership组织指点Organizational proce

32、sses组织过程Organizational strategy组织战略Organizations组织Organizing组织职能Orientation导向，定向Outsourcing业务外包PPaired comparison approach两两比较法，配对比较法Parochialism狭隘观念Part-time employees兼职员工Path-goal theory目的途径实际Pay-for-performance programs按业绩付酬，业绩工资制Payoff matrices工资矩阵Perception知觉Performance appraisal methods绩效评价方法P

33、erformance-based compensation基于业绩的薪酬Performance management绩效管理Performance management system绩效管理系统Performance orientation绩效导向Performance-simulation tests绩效模拟测试Personal differences个体差别Personal growth and development个人生长与开展Personal observation亲身察看Personality个性PERT network analysis方案评审技术网络分析方法Philosophy

34、哲学Physiological needs生理需求Planning方案职能Policy政策Political science政治科学Political skills政治技艺Polygraph Protection Act测谎器运用维护法案Positive reinforcement正强化Power权益Power distance权益差距Pregnancy Discrimination Act反孕期歧视法案Presentations演讲Principles of management管理原那么Privacy Act隐私权法案Proactive personality自动个性Problem问题Pr

35、ocedure程序Process过程，流程Process approach过程观念，过程学派Process consultation过程咨询Process departmentalization按流程划分部门Process production流程消费Product departmentalization按产品划分部门Production oriented面向消费的，消费导向Productivity消费率Profit margin on revenues ratio边沿销售利润率Profit organizations盈利性组织Profitability盈利性，收益性Profitability

36、 ratios收益性比率Programmed decisions程序化决策Project工程Project management工程管理Protg新手，学生Psychological symptoms心思表征Psychology心思学Punishment惩罚Pygmalion effect皮格马利翁效应QQuality质量Quality control质量控制Quality management质量管理Quantitative approach to management管理定量方法Quantity of life vs. quality of life生活的数量质量，追求物质质量的生活观念Q

37、ueuing theory排队论RRailroad Unemployment Insurance Act铁路工人失业保险法案Range of variation允许差别范围，偏向范围Ratio analysis比率分析Rational理性的，合理的Rational decision making理性决策Realistic job preview (RJP)真实的任务预览，面试时向求职者提供真实的信息Recruitment招聘Referent参量，参照对象Referent power感召权益，感召权Reinforcement processes强化过程Reliability信度，可靠性Repre

38、sentative heuristic只根据本人熟习的事物判别与决策的取巧途径，以偏盖全倾向Resistance to change变革抵抗力量，变革妨碍Resource allocator资源分配者Responsibility职责，责任Resume preparation简历预备Retention processes坚持过程Retrenchment strategy收缩战略Return on investment ratio投资收益率Reverse mentoring反向指点Reward power奖赏权益，奖赏权Rewards奖励，奖赏Rightsizing规模调整Ringisei全票经过

39、，一致赞同Risk风险Risk taking风险承当Role角色Role ambiguity角色模糊Role conflicts角色冲突Role demands角色要求Role overload角色超载，义务超负荷Rule准那么，规那么Rumors谣传，流言SSafety needs平安需求Sarbanes-Oxley Act萨班斯奥克斯利法案Satisfice称心决策Scheduling tools方案工具Scientific management科学管理Selection process选择过程，甄选过程Selective perception选择性知觉Selectivity选择性Self

40、-actualization needs自我实现需求Self-Assessment Library (S.A.L)自我测试库Self-esteem (SE)自尊Self-fulfilling prophecy自证预言Self-monitoring自我监控Self-serving bias自我效力偏见，自利偏见Senior Citizens Freedom to Work Act年长公民自在任务法案Service organization效力型组织Sexual harassment性骚扰Short-term plans短期方案Simple structure简单式组织构造Single-use p

41、lans一次性方案，单项方案Situational approach情境权变观念，情境权变学派Situational leadership (SL) theory情境指点实际Six sigma六一种管理理念Skill variety技艺多样性Slack time松弛时间，富余时间Small business小企业Social learning theory社会学习实际Social loafing滥竽充数景象Social needs社会需求Social obligation社会义务Social responsibility社会责任Social responsiveness社会呼应Social s

42、ecurity社会平安Sociology社会学Span of control管理幅度，控制跨度Specific plans详细方案Spokesperson发言人Stability strategy稳定战略Staff authority顾问职权Stakeholders利害相关者，利益相关者Standard规范Standing plans常用性方案，规范方案Statistical reports统计报告Status位置Stem cell research干细胞研讨Stereotyping墨守陈规，因循守旧Stock options股票期权Strategic alliances战略联盟Strateg

43、ic human resource management process战略人力资源管理过程Strategic management process战略管理过程Strategic planning战略规划Strategic plans战略方案Strategic problem solving战略性的问题处理Strengths (Strategic)优势战略的Stress压力Stress interview压力面试Stressor压力要素，压力源Structural differentiation构造差别Subcontractors转包商Supervisors监视者Supply chain management供应链管理Supportive leader支持型指点者Survey feedback调查反响SWOT analysisSWOT分析Systems approach系统观念，系统学派TTactical plans战术方案Task ide