英美文学作品赏析-17世纪英国文学

1、17th century Literature -The Period of Revolution and Restoration in England117th Century LiteratureHistorical context17th century literature: A SurveyJohn Milton John BunyanJohn Donne & Metaphysical PoetsCavalier PoetsJohn Dryden & Neoclassicism2Historical ContextDuring Elizabeths reign, the monarc

2、h and the parliament were getting along with each other.During the reign of James I & Charles I, the conflict between the king and the parliament became acute. English Revolution broke out in 1642.3English Revolution & RestorationIn January, 1649, Charles I was tried and beheaded. His son was in exi

3、le in France.In 1653, Cromwell became Lord Protector of England.In 1658, Cromwell died and his son Richard succeeded him as the new Lord Protector.Since Richard was too weak-minded, in 1660, Charles II was welcomed back and became the new king. That was known as the Restoration4English Revolution &

4、Restoration 2Charles II carried on reprisals on the revolutionaries and persecuted the puritans.In 1685, James II succeeded to the throne and proclaimed Catholicism the national religion.The two party system (the Tories and the Whigs) came into being. The Tories supported the king while the Whigs op

5、posed to the king.5Glorious Revolution In 1688, James II was forced to fled to France. His Protestant(新教徒) daughter Mary and her husband William, Duke of Orange（奥兰治王室的：自1815年以来一直统治荷兰的欧洲王室家族。这一名称最先为法国东南部的一个公国所使用，该公国于1530年并入拿骚王室）, were welcomed to England as the joint rulers of the country. That is kn

6、own as the Glorious Revolution. It marked the end of feudalism and the triumph of the bourgeois revolution.617th century literature: A SurveyThe 17th century literature is closely related to politics. John Milton and John Bunyan stood firmly with the English Revolution. The Cavalier poets sided with

7、 the king. The Metaphysical poets wrote in their unique way, paying more attention to religion than politics.717th century literature: A SurveyThe greatest poet is John Milton. His Paradise Lost is regarded as the only English epic after Beowulf.John Bunyan is the first novelist in English literary

8、history.Metaphysical poets headed by John Donne wrote their eccentric poems that are quite beyond common readers817th century literature: A SurveyCavalier poets wrote some best known poems in English literary history, though they were conservative in politics. A case in point is Herricks Gather Your

9、 Rose Buds While You May.John Dryden became the spokesman of neoclassicism in the late 17th century. Nowadays his reputation lies chiefly in his literary criticism and translations.9John Donne (1572-1631)10John Donne the leading figure of the metaphysical school 11John Donne- Biography-born in Bread

10、 Street in 1572 to a prosperous Roman Catholic family-1593 his brother, Henry died of a fever in prison after arrested for giving sanctuary to a proscribed catholic priest. Donne began to have doubts in his faith.- 1601 secretly married Lady Egertons niece, seventeen-year-old Anne More, daughter of

11、Sir George More-1611 Donne was invited and joined Sir Robert Drury to the continental trip. It was then Donne composed several of his most prominent poems. “A Valediction: Forbidden Mouring”-1617 Donnes wife died. Within 16 years, she gave him 12 children. -1631 Donne died of serious illness.12John

12、Donne- Biography (2)13Metaphysical poets METAPHYSICAL POETS refer to a school of poets at the beginning of the 17th century England who wrote under the influence of John Donne. The works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized, generally speaking, by mysticism in content and fantasticality in fo

13、rm. The main themes of the metaphysical poets are love, death, and religion.The most eminent poets are John Donne, George Herbert & Andrew Marwell.14Rise & Fall of Metaphysical PoetryMetaphysical poetry was rarely read in the 17th, 18th and early 19th century.In the late 19th century and early 20th

14、century, there was a renewed interest in metaphysical poetry.The modernist poets T.S. Eliot, John Ransom and Allen Tate claimed their influence by John Donne. So John Donne became a cult figure in the early 20th century English-speaking countries.15Cavalier PoetsThe cavaliers were royalists, whose p

15、oetry was marked by courtliness, urbanity (文雅), and polish (高雅). They were lyrical poets, and dealt chiefly with the theme of love and the theme of “ carpe diem”. ( 及时行乐) Their poetry flourished in the early and middle ages of the 17th century at the court and reflected the extravagance and moral lo

16、oseness of the court life. 16John Milton 约翰弥尔顿17John Milton(16081674 )18Miltons WorksThree literary periods:1. early period: poems written in Cambridge and at Horton;2. middle-aged period: political articles pamphlets;3. the period of his old age: three giant works.19Miltons Works of His Early DaysP

17、oems written in Cambridge and at Horton:1. On the Morning of Christs Nativity 基督诞生晨颂, first important work2. LAllegro快乐的人 Penseroso幽思的人3. Comus 科玛斯a mask假面剧, in blank verse4. Lycidas 利西达斯, expressing the pathos(哀颂)of his friend Edward Kings (爱德华金)premature(过早的)deathtwin lyrical poems姐妹篇abbacdeec20Mi

18、ltons WorksWorks of his adult years: 1. pamphlets on religious reform Of Reformation in England论英国改革2. pamphlets on marriage and divorce: Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce 离婚的戒律与学说3. Areopagitica 论出版自由” a prose work for the freedom of the press21 Miltons Revolutionary Works: 4. Defence of the Engli

19、sh People 为英国人民声辩 5. The Second Defence of the English People再为英国人民声辩to answer Salmasius accusation 22 Defence of the English People 1) A pamphlet against the divine right(至高无上的权利) of the king.2) People made the king, so the king should do everything for the people.23 The Second Defence of the Engli

20、sh People1) An answer to the productions against the Commonwealth.2) Fight for the liberty of the nations in the world and recover their lost liberty.24 Miltons Works of Old Age1. Paradise Lost (masterpiece)失乐园2. Paradise Regained复乐园3. Samson Agonistes力士参孙25Analysis of Paradise Lost 1. Miltons maste

21、rpiece.2. A long epic（史诗） in 12 books.3. taken from the Old Testament. 4. Major characters: Satan, God, Archangel, Adam, Eve5. It is about Satans rebellion against God and the expulsion(驱逐) of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden.26 Theme and Characterization 1. The theme of the poem is a revolt aga

22、inst Gods authority.What do the main characters resemble?2. God: selfish despot暴君,cruel, unjust3. Adam and Eve embody Miltons belief in the_, craving (longing) for _. powers of manknowledge27 Theme and Characterization 4. Gods angels are foolish, resembling the court of an absolute monarch. 5. Satan

23、 is a rebel against tyranny(专制，暴行) and Satan and his followers resemble a _.republican Parliament28The Image of Satan 1. Satan is the real hero of the poem.2. He is firmer than the rest of the angels.3. He has an invincible(战无不胜的) heart.Who is the most striking character in the poem?29The Image of S

24、atan4. Satan remains superior in nobility and welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy;5. Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.6. Milton makes Satan as his own mouthpiece(代言人). 30Paradise Regained复乐园1. It tells how Christ overcame Satans temptations.2. It

25、is the sequel(续集) of Paradise Lost.Samson Agonistes力士参孙in the form of Greek tragedies, from the “Book of Judges”, in the “Old Testament”旧约全书中的 士师记Samson is Milton himself, fighting for the freedom of his country.31John Bunyan约翰班扬 32John Bunyan(16281688)33John Bunyan: a Puritan poetHis Works: 1. Grac

26、e Abounding to the Chief of Sinner (written in prison)罪人受恩记功德无量2. Pilgrims Progress (masterpiece)天路历程34John Bunyan: a Puritan poet3. The Life and Death of Mr. Badman恶人先生的生平和死亡贝德曼先生的一生4.The Holy War 神圣战争35Analysis: The Pilgrims Progressa man clothed with rags standing in a certain place, with his fac

27、e from his own house, a book in his hand, and a great burden upon his back. I looked, and saw him open the book, and read therein; and as he read, he wept and trembled; and, not being able longer to contain, he brake out with a lamentable cry, saying, What shall I do? 一个人穿着破烂的衣服, 站在一个地方,背对着自 己的房舍,受礼

28、拿着一本书,背上负着一个沉重的包袱。我正看着，只见他打开书本一边阅读，一边流泪，全身颤抖，后来情不自禁地伤心起来：“我应该做点什么？”基督徒the worldly troubles and worriesthe Bible36Analysis: The Pilgrims Progress1. The Pilgrims Progress is a religious allegory.2. Though an allegory, its characters impress the reader like real persons.In reality, the Celestial City i

29、n The Pilgrims Progress is the vision of an ideal happy society dreamed by a poor tinker in the 17th century, through a veil of religious mist（迷雾）37Analysis: The Pilgrims Progressthe City of Destruction 毁灭城the Slough of Despond 绝望泥潭the Vanity Fair 名利场Doubting Castle 怀疑城堡the Delectable Mountains 快乐山the Celestial City 天国城具有寓意性质的和地名具有寓意性质的和人名FaithfulMalice怨恨Badman恶人Pickthank拍马SuperstitionEnvyJudge Hate-good 恨善法官Truth 对当时 社会现 实生活 作了相 当广泛 的批判 性描述38 Analysis: The P