大学英语教案 Unit42

1、Unit 4 Section AI. Background KnowledgeCharlie ChaplinCharles Spencer Chaplin was born on 16th April 1889 in Walworth, London, and lived a Dickensian childhood, shared with his brother, Sydney, that included extreme poverty, workhouses and seeing his mothers mental decline put her into an institutio

2、n. Both his parents, though separated when he was very young, were music hall artists, his father quite famously so. But it was his mother that Charlie idolised and was inspired by during his visit of the backstage while she performed, to take up such a career for himself. DickensCharles Dickens, 18

3、121870, an English novelist, considered by many to be the greatest one of all. His many famous books describe life in Victorian England and show how hard it was, especially for the poor and for the children. They include The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Great

4、Expectations and A Tale of Two Cities. HollywoodAn area of Los Angeles which is known as the center of the American film industry. In terms of geography, Hollywood refers to an area consisting of the City of West Hollywood and its vicinity that form part of the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area.

5、 It is generally thought that everyone living in Hollywoodis extremely rich, famous, and concerned with appearances but in fact many parts of Hollywood today are poor, dirty and badly cared for. Mack SennettMack Sennett: (18801960) US film producer, born in Richmond, Quebec. He worked in the theatre

6、 as a comic in burlesque companies, and from 1908 in silent films. He later formed his own company and hundreds of shorts, establishing a whole generation of players and a tradition of knockabout slapstick under the name of Keystone Komics (1912), and later the Sennett Bathing Beauties (1920). He re

7、ceived a Special Academy Award in 1937.II. Text AnalysisAnalysis of Each PartWhat is the text mainly about?The text is about Charlie Chaplins life full of contrasts. He came into the world miserable but brought the world endless joy. His Tramp on the screen, crude or coarse in the eyes of the Englis

8、h, gave him permanent fame in movie history. His nonsense screen language with no known nationality brought about his huge success. The contrast between his desire to be loved and his fear of being betrayed led to his painful marriages but brought him the luck to walk into the sunset with Oona. And

9、even after his death, the theft of his body served as a fitting memorial to his life as a great comic. How is the text organized?The passage is made up of four parts a general introduction of Charlie Chaplin, his professional success, his emotional life and the end of his story with each of them dev

10、eloped through the device of contrast. By using contrast, the author skillfully weaves different aspects of his life around his life as a great comic, thus making the article an irresistible appeal to the reader.Part IParas. 1-2A general introduction: He came into the world poor but made the world r

11、ich with joy. Besides, if there is a balance between his miserable childhood and his character of the Tramp, there must be a contrast between his Tramp and his permanent name in comedy history.Part IIParas. 3-6His professional success: His Tramp gave him permanent fame though many people thought it

12、crude; his screen language, making no sense and sounding like no known nationality, brought about his huge success; and his first sight of the Tramp on the screen shocked him but, more importantly, drove him to extend his talent.Part IIIParas. 7-8His emotional life: The contrast between his desire t

13、o be loved and his worry about being betrayed found its way into his comedy of Monsieur Verdoux but meanwhile brought him the luck to walk into the sunset with Oona in reality.Part IVPara. 9The end of his life story: The theft of his dead body, though a sad incident, was widely regarded as a fitting

14、 memorial his way of having the last laugh on a world to which he had given so many.III. Language Points1. cut down: reduce the size of (sth. Such as clothing, writing, etc.) I cut down your fathers trousers down for the boy. 我可以把你父亲的裤子改短给这男孩穿。Your article will have to be cut down to fit into the bo

15、ok.你的文章地删一些，以便能收入到这本书里。Theyve cut her hours down at work so she doesnt have much money. 他们减少了她的工作时间，因此她没有那么多钱了。 If and article is too long for the space allocated, you have to cut it down.如果文章超过给它的版面，你就得进行删改。2. In rags: dressed in old worn-out clothes There were men, women, and small children, some

16、dressed in rags. 那儿有男人，妇女和儿童，有些人穿得破破烂烂。 There are areas where every child is barefoot, and dressed in rags or old flour sacks. 有些地方小孩都赤脚，穿着破衣服或旧面粉袋。3. applause: n. the noise made by a group of people clapping their hands and sometimes shouting to show their approval or enjoyment; express strong appr

17、oval of (a person, idea,etc.) The band got a big round of applause at the end of the concert. 音乐结束后，乐队赢得了热烈的掌声。 The audience broke into thunderous applause. 观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 applaud vt. Show approval or enjoyment of (a play, actor, performance, etc.), esp. by striking ones hands together He started to a

18、pplaud and others joined in. 他带头开始鼓掌， 其他人也加入进来。 The conference rose to applaud the speaker.与会人员起身为发表讲话的人鼓掌。 She was applauded as she came on stage. 她一上台观众即报以掌声。 We all applauded the authoritys decision not to close the hospital. 我们都赞同当局不关闭医院的决定。 I applaud her for having the courage to refuse. 我赞赏她敢于

19、拒绝的确勇气。4. for good: permanently; forever This time shes leaving for good. 这一次她将是永远地离开了。 Id like an excuse to get rid of him for good. 我需要一个借口将他永远开除。 A few shots of this drug cleared up the disease for good. 这药只注射了几针，病就彻底治愈了。5. scout: n. a person employed to look for people with particular skills, es

20、p. in sport or entertainment Talent scouts toured every village in the Southern States seeking the girl with the subtle personality that the film producer needed for the star role. 猎头走遍南方各州的每个村落，寻找制片人需要的具有敏锐气质和个性的女影星。 It was during the singing performance that he was spotted by a talent scout and si

21、gn up by Warner Brothers. 正是在歌唱表演中他被猎头相中，然后与华纳兄弟签约。6. clap: vt. Hit ones open hands together several times to show that one approves of or enjoy sth. He clapped his hands for silence. 他拍拍手示意大家安静。 Every one clapped us when we went up to get our prize. 我们上台领奖的时候每个人都为我们鼓掌。 Londoners came out on to the

22、pavement to wave and clap the marchers.伦敦市民涌上街头向游行的人鼓掌并挥手致意。 After his speech the conference clapped and cheered as if he had announced the abolition of the income tax.在他演讲之后，出席会议的人们鼓掌欢呼起来，就好象他已经宣布取消了个人所得税似的。7. revolt: v. (against) take violent action against the people in power; reject the authorit

23、y of a person or reject sth.; make (sb.) feel unpleasantly shocked or disgusted Finally the people revolted against the military dictatorship. 人民终于起来反抗军事独裁。 The people revolted against their oppressors. 人民反抗其压迫者。 She revolted against her ballet training at sixteen. 她16岁的时候开始拒绝练芭蕾舞。 We were revolted

24、by the dirt and mess in her house.她的房子又脏又乱，引起我们的反感。 It revolts me to know that the word spends so much money on arms, yet millions of people are dying of hunger.全世界在武器上花费了这么多钱，而数以百万计的人却快要饿死了，这使我很反感。n. the action or state of protecting against or resisting authority They seized the power in a revolt.

25、 他们在一次起义中夺得了政权。 The army has put down the revolt. 军队已经平息了叛乱。8. trip up: catch sbs foot and make him fall or almost fall; make a mistake; deliberately make sb. Do this As I passed, he stuck out a leg and tried to trip me up. 我经过时，他伸出一条腿试图把我绊倒。 He made a sudden dive for Uncle Jims legs to try to trip

26、him up. 他猛冲向吉姆叔叔的腿试图把他绊倒。 Read the questions carefully, because the examiners sometimes try to trip you up. 仔细阅读这些问题，因为出题人有时会有意诱导你犯错。9(not) all that (not) very; (not) particularly; usu. Used in statements with negative meaning when you want to weaken the force of what you are saying Things are not a

27、ll that good. 事情并不那么顺利。 He wasnt all that older than we were. 他并不比我们老多少。 He said it would not be all that difficult to reach a peaceful conclusion to the conflict.他说不过去就此冲突达成和平协议并没有那么困难。10. sport wear or show publicly and sometimes proudly Back in the 1960s he sported bell-bottom trousers, platform

28、heels and hair down past his shoulders. 回顾20世纪60年代，他那时穿着喇叭裤，木屐式坡形高跟鞋，蓄着过肩的长发。 The front of the car sported a German flag. 着辆车前面插着德国国旗。 He wore rimless glasses and sported a neat grey moustache, very impressive. 他戴着无边眼镜，留着整齐的灰色胡子，非常引人注目。11. coarse (1) rude and offensive coarse manners 粗鲁的举止 coarse la

29、nguage 粗俗的语言 (2) (of skin or fabric) rough; not soft a jacket made of very coarse cloth 用粗布做的加克 a beach of coarse sand 粗沙的海滩12. postpone delay (an event), esp. arranging for it to take place at a later date or time The trial has been postponed indefinitely. 审判无限期地延期了。 House purchase is the biggest d

30、ecision that most people make and the easiest one to postpone. 买房是大部分人作出的最大决定，也是最容易延期的决定。 The trip to the museum has been postponed until Thursday 11th March. 参观博物馆的事情延期到3月11日星期四。13. come /go down in the world have less money and a worse social position than one had before Also: move down in the wor

31、ld He has really come down in the world. 他真的过着穷困潦倒的生活。 When we had to sell our house and take a small apartment downtown, we felt wed really moved down in the world.当我们不得不卖掉房子,搬到市区的一间小公寓住时,我们感到我们已经穷困潦倒了。14. rank the members of a particular group or organization At 50, he forced to join the ranks of

32、the unemployed. 50岁时他被迫加入了失业者的行列。 There were serious divisions within the partys own ranks. 在这个党的成员内部存在严重分歧 We have members of international players in our ranks. 我们的成员里有一些国际选手。 There is great concern about safety among the ranks of racing drivers。 赛车手对安全很担心。15. have the / an urge to do sth. have a

33、strong desire to do sth. He had a powerful urge to compete and succeed. 他有强烈的竞争并获得成功的欲望。 He has an urge to become a cinema star. 他有成为电影明星的欲望。/ 他十分想成为电影明星。16. go along advance; move further with sth. We have a flexible approach to what were doing and that allows us to make any necessary changes as we

34、 go along. 我们的确工作方法具有灵活性，使我们在工作过程中可以作必要的改进。 Work like this becomes less interesting as you go along.像这样的工作报告你做着做着变得乏味了。17. greet v. (with) react to sb. Or sth. In a particular way The changes were greeted with suspicion. 人们对此变化持怀疑态度。 They greeted the joke with laughter. 他们对这个笑话报以笑声。18. rouse v. make

35、 sb. Feel a particular emotion I dont want rouse any suspicions. 我不想引起任何怀疑。 Tom drew a breath, determined that he would to rouse to her to anger. 汤姆吸了一口气，决定不去激怒她。19. execute v. (1) do a piece of work, perform a duty, put a plan into action, etc. The crime was very cleverly executed. 此次犯罪实施得非常巧妙。 Che

36、ck that the computer has executed your commands.检查一下以确保计算机执行了你的命令。 （2）kill sb., esp. as a legal punishment Prisoners are reported to have been deliberately executed without trial. 具报道，罪犯未经审判即被蓄意处决。20. betray v. not be loyal to ones country or a person who thinks he or she loves or supports them, oft

37、en by doing sth. harmful He was accused of betraying his country during the war. 他被指控在战争期间背叛祖国。 He promised never to betray her. 他答应永不抛弃她。21. collision n. trong disagreement between two people or between opposing ideas, opinions, etc. In his works we see the collision of two different traditions. 从他

38、的著作中我们可以看出两种传统之间的碰撞。The play represents the collision of three generations. 着出戏表现了三代人之间的矛盾冲突。22. lose ones faith in lose ones trust or confidence in sb. Or sth. After the trial, his family said they had lost all faith in the judicial system. 审判之后，他家人说他们对司法系统失去了信心。 Weve lost faith in him. 我们再也不相信他了。2

39、3. Unfounded adj. Not based on fact Im pleased to see that our fears about the weather proved unfounded. 我很高兴地发现我们对天气的担心是毫无根据的。 The rumors were totally unfounded that he is going to resign. 他打算辞职的谣言是毫无事实根据的。24. Spark v. (off) cause sth. To start or develop, esp. suddenly The proposal would spark a s

40、torm of protest around the country. 这个提议会引起全国范围的抗议浪潮。 The riots were sparked off by the arrest of a local leader. 这次暴乱是由一个地方领导人的被捕引起的。IV. Writing议论文与说明文写作技巧举例说明文1. 怎样理解 / 为什么说？2. 例如,3. 又如,写作模式1) A closer analysis / study of the proverb / motto / saying / epigram tells / suggests that 2) In other wor

41、ds, 3) This rule holds true for many cases in our life / Our life abounds with cases in point. 4) Just think of / consider, for example, 5) (面临的困难或障碍) 6) To make things worse, (更大的困难或障碍) 7) Stuck in the straits, (另谋成功之路并如愿以偿) 8) Only through such adjustments in his / her pursuits did (结论句) 9) Anothe

42、r case in point is that of 10) Repeated failures in convinced him / her of the fact that there would be no hope of realizing his / her life value along this road. 11) After several days of hard thinking, he /she resolved to take another way 12) Now as , he often repeats his motto: (结论句) 参考范文All Road

43、s Lead to Rome1) A closer study of the proverb All roads lead to Rome tells that your sensible and proper adjustments in the course of your struggle always lead you to success. 2) In other words, when things go wrong and you can not make it to your intended target, you still stand chances of success

44、 as long as you dont give up trying and meanwhile make some effective adjustments. 3) This rule holds true for many cases in our life. 4) Just think of, for example, the story of Charlie Chaplin. 5) He was born into a poor family, with his childhood suffering from his mothers mental disorder and an

45、unstable life. 6) To make things worse, his native country, Britain, showed great dislike for his coarse act on the stage. 7) Stuck in the straits, Chaplin chose to quit his motherland for the USA, where he found his lifelong stage on which to give fullest play to his talents. 8) Only through such c

46、hanges in his pursuits did Chaplin achieve world fame. 9) Another case in point is that of my elder brother. 10) Repeated failures in the National College Entrance Examinations convinced him of the fact that there would be little hope of realizing his life value along this road. 11) After several da

47、ys of hard thinking, he resolved to take another way planting rare flowers and herbs. 12) Now as the manager of a big floriculture company, he often repeats his motto: When there is no beam of light in the east, there must be a ray of hope in the west.Section BI. Reading Skills Facts are statements

48、that tell what really happened or what really is the case. A fact can be proved or disproved with direct evidence. It is something known by actual experience or observation. Here are some examples from Passage A.Example 1“We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of m

49、oderate exercise showed evidence of iron loss,” says Roseanne M. Lyle, associate professor at Purdue. (Para. 2, Reading Passage A, Unit 2)This is a fact as the sentence is simply a quotation from Lyle. Example 2In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, and out of breath and exerci

50、se performance is severely compromised. (Para. 7, Passage A, Unit 2)This is a fact as the sentence reports how people feel in the final stage.Example 3“Select breads and cereals with the words iron-added on the label,” writes sports diet expert Nancy Clark. (Para. 11, Passage A, Unit 2)This is a fac

51、t. Please note that this is a case where a writer may present an opinion as if it were a fact. We say it is a fact because the sentence is a piece of quotation. However, one can argue that it is an opinion, because of the fact that the quoted part is an imperative sentence and that the writer is quo

52、ting it simply to express his own view, not just to report an idea of other people. Opinions are statements of belief, judgment or feeling. They show what someone thinks or feels about a subject. Solid opinions, of course, are based on facts. However, opinions are still somebodys view of something a

53、nd are not facts themselves. Here are some examples from Passage A.Example 1Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenon where small blood vessels in the feet leak blood. (Para. 6, Passage A, Unit 2)This is an opinion as the word “may” in the sentence shows

54、the writers attitude towards the matter being talked about.Example 2If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifying your diet or by taking supplements. (Para. 10, Passage A, Unit 2) This is an opinion expressed in an imperative sentence, which

55、indicates an opinion from the writer.If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifying your diet or by taking supplements. (Para. 10, Passage A, Unit 2) This is an opinion expressed in an imperative sentence, which indicates an opinion from the w

56、riter.Example 3In general, its better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings. (Para. 10, Passage A, Unit 2)This is an opinion. The phrase “in general” and the structure “its better to” imply that the sentence is an opini

57、on from the writer. II. Language Points1. run for offer oneself for election to (a group) or for (a position) Moe people than ever before are running for the city council.参加市议会竞选的人比以往都多。2. vote v. (in / for / against / on) show formally by making a paper or raising your hand which person you want to

58、 win an election, or which idea or plan you support The President has been voted in for the third time running.这位主席已经是第三次当选了。 Have you decided which party you will vote for? 你有没有决定投票支持哪个党派？3. opponent n. the person being competed against , esp. in a sports event; a person who disagrees with sth. and

59、 speaks against it or tries to change it She is one of the strongest opponents of tax reform.她是税收改革的最强烈的反对者之一。 He beat / defeated his opponent in the election. 他在选举中击败了对手。4. spy on watch secretly How much did you pay the man to spu on your husband? 你付了这个人多少钱来暗中监视你丈夫。 He spied on his neighbors throug

60、h this window without been seen. 他是透过这扇窗户暗中监视他的邻居而不被发现。5. shut out(of) prevent sb. Or sth. From entering a place; not allow a person to share or be part of your thoughts or life I was about to shut out anyone who came knocking. 我打算闭门谢客。 How can I shut out such harmful thoughts? 我怎样才能杜绝这些有害的想法？6. hav