四级作文写作策略

1、.大 学 英 语 四 级 考 试 作 文PAGE ：.；PAGE 58 Edited by Lloyd四 级 作 文 写 作 宝 典第一章 四级作文概略一.四级考试对写作的要求和都对培育学生的英语写作才干做了明确规定，即学生能在半小时内完成120字左右的短文，包括书信等运用问题写作，要求文理根本照射，表达思想清楚，无艰苦语法错误。经过分析历年的真题发现：英语作文调查的类型根本包括议论文(普通为三段论式的论说文字)，图表作文(要求描画性的言语要贴近图表信息，真实反映言语程度)和运用文写作(包括书信、便条、通知、海报等)。二.四级改革和写作变化2005年1月的作文标题是要求学生以导游的身份写一篇演

2、讲稿，不仅包含欢迎辞(表态)行程安排，(阐明)，而且包含安排的理由(说理)。2005年6月作文标题是校园文化旅游，要求学生就此论述不同的观念。2006年1月是个竞选演说，假设我中选学生会主席，我会给大家做点什么事情(阐明)。2006年6月17日的四级考试那么是一个海报，要求考生想象一个招募志愿者的海报，其中包括应聘人必备的资历和应预备的资料等(阐明)。2006年6月24日新题型的作文是传统的议论文方式，讨论大学生选择任课教师相关的问题。2007年1月作文也是传统的议论文方式，讨论对春节晚会所持的不同观念。2007年6月份是欢迎同窗参与俱乐部的海报(运用文)。从上面的标题变化趋势看，描画景象、分

3、析缘由、个人看法仍是四级考试写作部分主要调查的重点，在今后相当长的时间内，英语写作教学和辅导的主要突破口应集中在议论文和运用文上。此外，仔细研讨06年6月24日以后的四级试卷，我们还可发现，新四级的写作标题与校园生活亲密相关，学生普遍觉得亲切，体裁包括两篇议论文，一篇运用文。不仅如此，新四级写作题中提供的文章框架明晰，思绪比较明确，绝大多数考生都能利用“经典句型或“万能模板写出及格的作文。虽然新四级前两次都调查了议论文，但这并不能阐明写作的重心有任何偏移。根据考试改革方案和课程教学要求的相关规定，运用文写作和议论文仍将是新四级作文的主攻方向。为了提高大学英语写作程度，从1997年6月份起，四六

4、级考试采用“作文最低分制来计算成果。按规定，考生写作成果假设为0分，无论其总分能否高于60分，均按不及格处置；假设成果高于0分，低于6分，计算成果时，需从总分中减去6分，再加上实得作文分，也就是说，要从总分中减去实得作文分与6分之间的差额部分。 举例来说：假设前边85总分得分65分，但是作文得分为0分，那么最后成果评为不合格。假设前边85总分得分59分，作文得分为5分，那么最后成果不是64分，而是59+56=58分。 三写作部分考核的技艺A思想表达1)表达中心思想2)表达重要或特定信息3)表达观念、态度等B篇章组织4)围绕所给的标题表达、议论或描画，突出重点5)衔接地组句成段，组段成篇C言语运

5、用6)运用恰当的词汇7)运用正确的语法8)运用适宜的句子构造9)运用正确的标点符号10)运用衔接手段表达句间关系(如对比、缘由、结果、程度、目的等)D写作格式11)运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式四、评分规范：CET作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Award Scores)，而不是按言语点的错误数目扣分。从内容和言语两个方面对作文进展综合评判。内容和言语是一个一致体。作文应表达标题所规定的内容，而内容要经过言语来表达。要思索作文能否切题，能否充分表达思想，也要思索能否用英语清楚而适宜地表达思想，也就是要思索言语上的错误能否呵斥了解上的妨

6、碍。四级作文不注重思想和思想，注重言语的运用。少出错，得高分。四级考试作文主要看内容、构造、言语三个方面。内容不跑题即可，留意：1.不要妄图以情动人；2.不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜；构造上牢记总分总：先写主题句(Topic Sentence)，再写分论点，最后写总结句(Conclusion)；言语最重要，往往使评分产生艰苦差别，言语要模拟和包装。1此题总分值为15分2阅卷规范共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有规范样卷一份。3阅卷人员根据阅卷规范，对照样卷评分，假设以为与某一分数(如 8分)类似，即定为 该分数(即8分)；假设以为稍优或稍劣于该分数那么可加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7

7、分)。但不得加或减半分。详细规范：2分 条理不清，思绪紊乱，言语支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分 根本切题。表达思想不清楚，衔接性差。有较多的严重言语错误。8分 根本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强衔接；言语错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字衔接，但有少量言语错误。14分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字照射，衔接性较好，根本上无言语错误，仅有个别小错。注：白卷，作文与标题毫不相关，或只需几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，那么给0分。5字数缺乏应酌情扣分：累计字数 CET-4 110-119 100-109 90-99 80-89 70-79 60

8、-69 50-59 49扣 分 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9注：1如标题中给出主题句、起始句、终了句，均不得计入所写字数。2规定的内容未写全者，按比例扣分。3只写一段者：0-4分； 只写两段者：0-9分第二章 议论文写作一. 评分规范议论文将从三个方面进展评分：1. 表述质量：文章的构造能否合理？文章的表述内容能否流畅易懂？文章能否恰当的运用了各种衔接器件？2. 论证，论点和论据：文章的议论内容能否符合标题的要求？文章的中心论点能否明晰？文章中运用的论据能否可以很好的效力于中心论点？3. 词汇和句式：文章中能否运用了足够的词汇量？词汇的运用能否准确？文章中能否运用了丰富的句式？句式的运用能否

9、恰当？基于以上的评分方面，应该从以下几个方面入手：1. 文章构造：文章的组成成分开篇，论点，论据和收尾如何合理分布？2. 思绪拓展：如何以主题为基点进展发散性思想，找出尽能够多的议论素材？3. 如何经过正确运用句型含衔接器件和词汇来进展表述？二. 构思构思包括“确定主旨和“附会论据两方面的义务。确定主旨就是在仔细审题后确定文章的根本观念，即支持哪一个，反对那一个；平衡的的方法；分析缘由及处理方略附会论据就是指构思出详细的分论点及其论据来支持文章的主旨。这方面需求考试的发散性思想。构思时首先要审题，找出标题中所包含的一切关键性信息；然后根据标题中给出的关键性信息和标题提出的问题进展快速而缜密的思

10、索，根据个人的阅历，好恶，素材的多寡和发扬的难易确定文章的主旨，并找出相应的论据。在构思时，无论何种标题都可以从如下角度来思索。人的角度：凡事以人为本，人的调和共处为导向。那些能为人们带来益处的事情总是我们所推崇的，而那些不利于人的事情总是应该为我们所摒弃。思索人的要素时，可以从身体安康，精神安康，物质财富，精神财富，生活质量，人的开展，人的生长，人的教育等角度展开。 社会的角度：人组成了社会，因此社会将包含人与人的关系及其独特内容。可以从人与人之间的信任与了解，社会的经济开展，社会文明，社会公平与正义，社会的调和开展，社会法制等方面思索。环境的角度：人类生存的环境极大的影响了人类的生存质量和

11、开展空间，因此环境为题不断是我们关注的话题。可以从环境污染空气，水，渣滓等，砍伐森林，噪音，全球温室效应，环境恶化导致的疾病，环境与野生动物的关系，环境与人生存的关系，生态平衡等方面。才干： 物质才干，如金钱；精神才干，如知识技术责任： 法律，品德，情感和义务方面责无旁贷的事权益：人权和产权认识：传统，习惯和文化后果：良性或恶性，于国于民的影响，经贸方面，管理方面，环卫方面和警示作用等三. 规划规划的主要内容是针对标题进展思索，思索整个文章的构造应该采取何种方式。四级议论文都是三段式：总分总1. 比较方式该方式共有两种,一种是运用比较的手法来阐明本人的取舍.在详细的写作中,对于赞成的事物，其优

12、点要详细写，而对于其缺陷要少写，甚至略过。对于反对的事物，其优点要少写或略过，一笔代过，对于其缺陷就要不惜笔墨大写特写。以此来强调本人的鲜明观念。其构造为：Part I: S1: Topic: the subjects to be comparedS2: Thesis: your preference for B over APart II: S3: concede As advantagesS4: As disadvantages 1S5: As disadvantages 2S6: As disadvantages 3S7: illustrate Bs advantages 1S8: il

13、lustrate Bs advantages 2S9: illustrate Bs advantages 3Part III: S10: conclusion: prefer B to A句型：S1: with the advent of , plays an important role/part in the development of increasing attention is drawn/called to the improved standard of或When it comes to, some people think/believe that, others argue

14、/claim that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, butS2: While it is commonly believed that A, but I believe Bgenerally held widely acceptedS3: It is true that There is no doubt that Certainly that A To be sure It cannot be denied that It is known to all th

15、atS4: But the chief/ obvious defects/faults are或Like anything else, it also has its faults . First. Second.Disadvantages problems. 或However, it is not without limits , the principal one is. BesidesWeaknesses for one thing, For anotherproblemsfaultsS6: Studying show Researches demonstrate that Experi

16、ments revealS7: On the contrary, the advantages of B far outweigh On the other hand, carry more weight thanthe advantages of A或A and B differ/are different in several ways, unlike A, BThere are some basic/marked differences between A and B,S8: For another, B also Second, FurthermoreS9: Although B fa

17、ils to/ can not, few things can be compared with B in terms of.can matchcan equal S10: The advantage/significance of B is more than 或The evidence upon all sides supports unshakable conclusion thatanalysis we have made justifies an/a unmistakable idea thatreasons we have advanced confirms just view t

18、hat另一种比较性议论文是作者经过比较来论述本人的观念：两者都有本人的优缺陷，不能完全地否认某一事物，也不能完全地一定另一方。其构造为：Part I: S1: Topic: the subjects to be comparedS2: General view of A and BPart II: S3: As advantages 1S4: As advantages 2S5: As advantages 3S6: As disadvantages S7: Bs advantages 1S8: Bs advantages 2S9: Bs disadvantagesPart III: S10:

19、 A balanced view of the subjects句型：S1: To most people, are the two basic ways in whichCommon means toImportant或To the general public To most people , . But I believe To the popular mindTo most peoples opinionS2: There are both advantages and disadvantages to the twostrengths and weaknessesmerits and

20、 limitsS3: The most obvious/biggest advantage ofisS4: For example/instance, S5: Another advantage/benefits/merit isS6: The fault , however, is thatdefectproblemS7: By contrast , B On the contraryS8: In addition to Besides , B also Apart fromS9: There is again a faultdefect : itproblem S10: Anyhow, b

21、oth the ways have their merit and faults , but strengths defectsboth must be improved in order to achieve the best possible result/effect.A combination of their merits might be a step in the right direction. 2. 理由方式理由型主要是解释作者为什么要干某事或为什么不干某事; 或解释为什么会出现某一社会景象或社会问题.构造如下: Part I: S1 TopicS2 Thesis: atti

22、tude to itPart II: S3: Thesis(more specific) S4: Reason IS5: Supporting detail IS6: Reason II S7: Supporting detail IIS8: Reason IIIS9: Supporting detail IIIPart III: S10: Conclusion假设只需两个理由，那么构造如下：Part II S3: Thesis (more specific) S4: Reason IS5: Supporting detail 1S6: Supporting detail 2S7: Reaso

23、n IIS8: Supporting detail 3S9: Supporting detail 4常用句型：S1: When asked about, a vast majority of people believe that. it comes to, a considerable the public argue S2: Contrary to the widely-held belief, I prefer popular thought think differentlyS3：A number of factors might contribute to sudden rise.

24、Several causes may lead to the phenomenon.A couple of things account for problem.S4: Part of the explanations for it One of the most common factors/causes is thatS5: 支持性阐明文字S6: is also responsible for the problem. Another contributing factor/cause isS7: 支持性阐明文字S8: Perhaps the primary factor is that

25、But fundmental cause S9: 支持性阐明文字S10: For all these reasons, it comes as no surprise that Taking all these into account, it is small wonder that3. 批驳方式该类型议论文主要是对某一观念或做法进展批判或驳斥。要求考生在一些有争议的问题上所反映出来的一种作者以为不正确的看法进展批判，然后论述本人在这方面的看法或观念。驳论立论全文可以分为三部分：Part one: S1: topic: the issue to be argued about S2: the

26、sis: my opinion of the issuePart two: S3: others arguments about the issue S4: detail 1 S5: detail 2 S6: (concede their validity) set up writers objection S7: writers own argument S8: detail 3 S9: detail 4Part three: S10: conclusion句型：S1: In recent/the past few years, there is a remarkable increase

27、in growing demand for marked change in attitude toS2: As for me , play an important part in As far as I am concerned, becoming indispensable to I believe/think, make great contribution toS3: But not everyone shares the idea, and it is argued that agrees with the view,S4: They hold/argue/believe that

28、S5: Another reason they is thatS6: There may be some truth/wisdom in it, but a close examination of the careful analysis argument reveals how fallacious it is. indicates it is not borne out by facts. DisclosesS7: The truth/fact is that Rather, the reverse is true: Just the opposite is true:.S8: Anyo

29、ne with the least common sense can tell thatmodest knowledge ofS9: In addition, Further, And,S10: In summary,In conclusion,(paraphrase your opinion that has been mentioned above)Above all, 4. 分析方式分析型议论文主要是判别和分析所讨论的事物或观念的性质。就是论述其重要性，正确性或荒唐性，危害性等，最后提出对该问题或景象的一些处理方法。全文可以分为三部分：Part One: S1: topic: the i

30、ssue to be talked about S2: thesis: my attitude to itPart Two: S3: thesis: (more specific) S4: benefit(effect) I S5: detail 1 S6: benefit(effect) II S7: detail 2 S8: benefit(effect) III S9: detail 3Part Three: S10: conclusion有的时候，对于论点的分析不一定从同一个方向进展，也可以从正反两个方面同时进展，这时Part Two的构造有所不同。Part Two: S3: thes

31、is (more specific) S4: Importance (with it) S5: detail 1 S6: detail 2 S7: consequence (without it) S8: detail 3 S9: detail 4句型：S1: With the development of With the introduction of to our lives , more and more With the increase of ofS2: (同向分析) It is certain obvious believed that (反向分析) but, at the sa

32、me time, it is not without shortcomings.S3: Then/but, you may ask why? S4: One of the benefits deriveing fromharmful effects on is thatS5: To have a better understanding of we may look atfull appreciation of turn toS6: Another benefit is concerned witheffect relates toS7: A good case in point istypi

33、cal example of this S8: Of all the benefits resulting from, none has been more significant than.effects nothing is as significant asS9: Just think imagineS10: Thus, it can be seen thatTherefore, I thinkAbove all, we may believe that四. 首段的写法在四级作文中，首段的写作普通包含以下三个要素：1. 对于标题中提出的论述、问题的重述(引题)2. 对于该论述/问题，阐明

34、本人的观念立论3. 对于文章的主体段落规划的预先交代其中，第一和第二要素是必要的组成部分，而要素三是可选择的组成部分。假设有的话，会使文章看上去条理更清楚，层次更清楚。详细写法：1. 对于标题中提出的论述、问题的重述该部分的描写可以将标题中的关键信息进展重组后，用本人的方式表达出来。也可以套用一些句型，如：When it comes to, some think/believe/hold/claimThere is a public debate today that .Recently, the problem of has aroused peoples concern.Nowadays,

35、 (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face.with the developmentimprovementrisegrowthrecognition realizationacknowledgementof ., weof, learn /feelknow /findsee/noticeplay a vital/essentialrole/partthat .inRecently, has been brought into focus/public attention.In recent years, has become a

36、 hot topic domestically and internationally.These days, we oftern hear about .Like a coin has two sides, there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to It has long been a contentious issue as to Nowadays, it is a heatedly discussed to many families that .has aroused much public concern in China

37、.A common ground has been reached that There is no denying the fact that It is a common scene in big cities that .Now there is a growing awareness that Nowhere in history has been more visible recently.One of the burning questions facing our society today is另外，还可以以提问的方式来开头。以问题开场一篇论文往往可以引起读者的留意，吸引读者继

38、续读下去，较好的起到了开端引题的作用。如：Should we allow the government to establish a new college or university in our neighborhood?Should we encourage people to make a reservation for luxurious space travel?2. 对于该论述/问题，阐明本人的观念开门见山式：可以选择的句型： 这种写法适用于“自在发扬型和“给定观念型A. 当问题出现时后接名词，动名词或名词性从句As far as is/are concerned, Speaki

39、ng of, Considering , In case of, B. 我以为后接完好的句子In my opinion/Personally,From my point of view, I think/believe/holdMy view is thatAs for myself/For my part, I would like to My answer isI cannot agree more with As far as I am concerned, I would prefer toAs far as I am able to judge, It seems quite cle

40、ar to me thatC. 这是It is +adj.+to do/that描画词可以交换It is encouraged for us toIt is beneficial to do/thatIt is unrealistic that评价援用观念：这种方法适用于“对比选择型作文A. 表示赞同前方必有一观念I absolutely agree to/with it.I could not agree more to/with the opinion.I would go along with this point of view.I am for that solution.I vot

41、e for this suggestion.That is exactly how I see it.B. 表示不赞同前方必有一观念I disagree to/with it.I am against that solution.I doubt whether the argument can bear much analysis.I doubt whether the argument can hold water.C. 表示赞同一方前方必有两种对立观念I absolutely agree to/with the former/latter opinion.I could not agree

42、 more to/with the former/latter opinion.I would go along with the former/latter one.I am for the former/latter solution.I vote for the former/latter.Others, including me, hold thatThe issue of whether or nothas been widely/heatedly debated currently/recently. quite a few people claim. On the other h

43、andd, those who think differently argue that.As for me/As far as I am concerned/In my opinionThere is no denying that everything has two sides. But when we weigh this measures advantages against its disadvantages, we can see easily that its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. So Im for it.Peoples

44、 views on vary from person to person. Some hold that . However, others believe that.三七分观念：这种方法适用于“对比选择型作文A. althoughalthough前是观念Globally, I believe, although several individual cases should be considered. Universally, I hardly believe, although several merits should be observed in some cases.B. but方

45、式but后是观念It is in part beneficial to a person or a group, but I still insistIt is sometimes beneficial to a person or a group, but I assert在提出本人的观念之前还可以罗列出标题中出现的两方面截然相反的观念：Some peoplebelievesay maintainadvocateadviseholdthinkclaimthat., whileotherssaybelievemaintainthinkclaimadvocateargueproposethat.

46、3. 对于文章的主体段落规划的预先交代以间接的言语引出整篇文章主体段落的大致规划，如： In my opinion, computers would jeopardize the overall well-being of humans in three fundamental ways.As to , there are two opposing views, which have caused quite a controversy among citizens.There are three reasons for this. The reasons for this are as fo

47、llows. 五. 主体段落写作经过构思过程和引言段落的写作，我们根本上确定了主体段落的写作框架，因此，主体段落的写作业就水到渠成了。而主体段落的写作关键在于思绪的拓宽，换言之，针对引言段落中提出的观念进展思索，寻觅相关的实际或理由支持他的观念，或者说，无论写什么样的观念，他都可以想出它的利和弊。无论什么样的标题出如今面前，都要阐明观念，做成评判以及搜索证据来进展支持或反驳。为了到达这样的目的，有两个方法可以自创：1. 多学习一些出色的范文，看一下他人是如何对待这个问题的。他们是如何表达本人的观念的，又是如何来支持本人的观念的，以及他们的写法由和自创之处。2. 多关怀一下实事新闻，特别要看一些

48、英语新闻和报道，从中了解世界动态，最新的实事见解以及作对实事的透彻分析，这些内容都有助于我们建立本人的观念，拓展本人的思绪。 主体段落的详细写法好的段落必需是意思完好，语意衔接，完全表达文章的中心主旨，同时又是层次清楚，构造严谨，逻辑关系运用合理。一个段落有三部分组成：1.主题句：点出段落的主题议论什么2.扩展句：阐明和支持主题3.结尾句：得出结论主题句和扩展句是每个段落所必有的，结尾句在有些段落种能够没有。一篇文章有中心思想，也就是有主题。而每个段落那么有段落主题，段落主题是为文章中信效力的。每个段落只能有一个主题，它用一个句子表达，所以称之为主题句。主题句普通位于句首。主题提出后需求很多构

49、造严谨的句子来支持和阐明，这些句子成为扩展句。最后得出一个结论，并用一个结尾句表达。写好主题句需求留意的事项：1. 主题句要概括一定内容，不要空泛，否那么扩展句将难以阐明和支持它2. 尽量运用简单句或简约明了的句子3. 主题句应该使表达的主题思想完好扩展句是围绕主题句展开，支持，阐明和论述的句子。扩展句紧扣主题句中的关键词展开，句子与句子间逻辑明晰，上下转承结合得当，简约扼要，重点突出。一旦确定了主题和关键词，便要按照本人的思绪来组织段落中的句子，句子之间要有衔接性，就必需有一系列的逻辑关系构成， 例如： 并列关系，因果关系，递进关系，转机关系，解释关系，概括关系，顺承关系，退让关系，对照关系

50、等等。这些逻辑关系可由一系列的过渡词来完成。过渡词在句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间起到承上启下的作用，使句子或段落之间的衔接自然，衔接，符合逻辑，构造严谨，故极为重要。转承启合的词汇和表达法表示顺序的顺序1 顺序2 顺序3 结论 First, Second, Third, In conclusion,Firstly, Secondly, Thridly, To concluse, Initially, Next, Finally, In summary,First of all, Then, Lastly, To sum upIn the first place, Last but not l

51、east, To summarize,To begin with, Last but by no means least, All in all, As has been discussed above As is mentioned above,表示其它的举例 同时 强调 结果For example, Meanwhile, In fact, So,An an example, In the meantime,. Actually, Thus,For instance, At the same time, As a matter of fact, Hence, Of course, There

52、fore, indeed, As a result Obviously In this way, Apparently, Eventually, Undoubtedly, Accordingly, Unquestionably, Consequently,递进 类似 转机 退让And, Similarly, However, Although,Besides, Likewise, Instead (of) Despite.Moreover, In like manner, Conversely, In spite ofIn addition, In the same way, By/In co

53、ntrast, AlbeitAdditionally, Accordingly, On the contrary, Whats more, On the other hand,Furthermore,必不可少的过渡词汇强调still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especi

54、ally, obviously, clearly.比较like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.对比by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.列举for example, f

55、or instance, such as, take for example. Except (for), to illustrate.时间after, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during,nowadays, since, latel

56、y, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.顺序first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.能够presumably, probably, perhaps.解释in other words, in fact, as a matter o

57、f fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.递进What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.退让although, after all, in spite of, despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.转机however, rather than, inste

58、ad of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately. whereas缘由for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.结果as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence.总结on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to

59、conclude, to summarize, in short.其他Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case拓展句的文字表述：A. 给出多条理由：First(ly),Second(ly),Last(ly),第一点，第二点，第三点To begin with,首先，用于提出第一条理由First of

60、 all, 首先，用于提出第一条理由The first and most important reason is that用于提出第一条理由On the other hand, 另一方面，经常用于在给出一条理由后，给出其他理由Another equally important aspect is另一个同样重要的方面是经常用于在给出一条理由后，给出其他理由Besides, other reasons are除此之外，另外的理由是经常用于在给出一条理由后，给出其他理由For one thing, for another一方面，另一方面给出两条理由Last but not least, 最后但也很重